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Airspora constitutes fungal spores, pollen, bacteria, hyphal fragments, insect’s scales, etc. Some of them are toxic and causing serious health hazards in human being, as well due to their higher concentration in the air creates environmental pollution. Among them fungal forms were taken into consideration to find out the status of various types of allergic and pathogenic spores at various places and their role in causing health hazards to plants and human beings. In vegetables and fruit market, airspora contain mostly fungal spores which are known to cause the diseases to vegetables and fruits and various allergies to human beings. The present aerobiological investigation was carried out by using Rotorod air Sampler for the period of one year. Total 17 fungal forms were recorded during the study period. Aspergillus (12.2%), Rhizopus (8.3%), Exosporium (7.7%), Sporidesmium (6.8%) and Curvularia (5.7%) were recorded as the predominant forms whereas Alternaria, Bispora, Heterosporium, etc. were found with comparatively less concentration. It was observed the concentration of the spores in the air varies from season to season probably due to variation in meteorological parameters. The dominance of name of the fungi in the air of vegetables and fruit market indicates their possible role in the damage of vegetables and fruits. The vegetables and fruit market environment had higher population of Aspergillus and Penicillium indicating possible source of contamination. Fungal spores are one of the chief components of aeromycoflora known to induce various allergic disorders in human beings.

The crystal structure of the title organic-inorganic hybrid material C7H7N2•NO3 has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pca21 with the lattice parameters a = 15.824 (1), b = 6.5461 (4), c = 16.215 (1) (6) Å, V = 1679.64 (18) Å3, and Z = 8. The framework is built upon layers parallel to (0 0 1) made up from the nitrate anions and the ammonium groups associated by N---H...O and N---H...N hydrogen bonds. The organic entities are interconnected via weak C-H…N hydrogen bonds involving the nitrogen atoms of the nitrile groups, leading to an infinite one-dimensional chains running along the a-axis. These chains are located alternatively on either side of the ionic layers. Results from solid state 1H, 13C and 15N spectroscopy are in good agreement with the X-ray structure. Density functional theory calculations allowed for the assignment of some carbon and nitrogen peaks to the independent crystallographic sites. The IR spectrum is dominated by the antisymmetric stretching mode of NO3-, which splits into two components indicating that the symmetry of the nitrate anion is lowered by interaction with the ammonium group.

Lead (II) Phosphate nano particles were synthesized via chemical co precipitation method from Lead Nitrate and Sodium Phosphate. The formed nano particle is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Ultra-violet spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirmed the preferential growth of Lead (II) Phosphate nano particles that width is 41.09 nm. The SEM image shows the synthesized Lead (II) Phosphate show well crystallized particles with spherical morphology. The FTIR spectrum is used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular functional groups in the sample. From UV spectrum, the band gap of Lead (II) Phosphate nano particles is found to be 3eV. From AAS studies it is found that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration. The linear fit indicates that lead (II) Phosphate nanoparticles have been distributed in proper proportion.

Optical quality single crystal of Piperazine di-orthophosphate (PDOP) has been synthesized and grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study reveals that the crystal belongs to triclinic system with space group P-1. The powder X-ray diffraction spectrum was recorded and the peaks were indexed. UV-Vis absorption spectrum shows that the crystal is transparent in the entire visible region. The functional groups present in the material were interpreted by FTIR spectral analysis. Thermal analysis carried out on the compound reveals that the sample is stable upto 160º C. The second harmonic generation efficiency of the title material is 0.85 times higher than that of the standard KDP crystal.

In this paper, we used Taguchi design to find an optimum condition for semi-solid Al-Si aluminum alloy fabricated by cooling slope plate method. In CS method, molten alloy was poured over an inclined cooling plate in order to make the semisolid slurry. The semisolid slurry ?owed and solidi?ed into a mold placed at the bottom end of the slope. In Taguchi’s design, it is well-known that high value of S/N ratio (Signal vs. Noise) is better. Consequently, manufacturing conditions were arranged as table of orthogonal array L9(34), and then pouring temperature and tilt angle of cooling plate factors were determined. From microstructural observations, grain size and shape factor were measured by image analyzer. The results of S/N ratios showed that the pouring temperature has the main effect on grain size and morphology of silicon phase of an Al-23%Si alloy cast by cooling slope plate method, since S/N ratio which is sensibility on surround environment was the highest. The optimum conditions were also identified.

The aim of the study is to determine the morphodynamic changes based on beach profile, and grain size distribution of sediments along the beaches between Mandapam to Valinokkam of Ramanathapuram district southern Tamilnadu. Morphodynamic condition and changes along the coastal length of 50km are recorded, and the granulometric study is done by dry sieving methods. Two seasonal both summer and winter sediment's samples were collected from the four main geomorphologic units (water level, slope, berm, and dune) during field observation periods. Grain characteristics are estimated by using GRADISTAT software, and the results are revealed. The sediments are mainly of course to fine grained, moderately sorted to poorly sorted, nearly-symmetrical skewed to find skewed, and leptokurtic to mesokurtic in nature. The majority of the sediment shows the bimodal nature of the interrelation ship of various parameters in sediment having the dominance of course to fine sand. Grain size characteristics varied from beach orientation foreshore, slope and wave action. The study area shows that sediment environment in high wave action compared to Ramanathapuram district in Mandapam to Valinokkam beaches were under erosion or deposition with a strong winnowing process.

The thin films of Ni-Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (NiPcTs:PEDOT:PSS) blend with different (PEDOT:PSS) concentrations (0.5 ,1, 2) on glass substrates were prepared by spin coating at thickness (100 nm). The structure and surface morphology of films were studied using X-ray diffraction , atomic force microscope (AFM),Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),and showed that there was a change and enhance in the crystallinity. Analysis of X-rays diffraction patterns of NiPc in powder form structure is polycrystalline and display a strong reflection at (100) orientation. Another peak distinguished in the XRD pattern of as-deposited which represents a reflection at (102) orientation and grain size increased with increasing (PEDOT:PSS) ,This result was supported by AFM measurements, which exhibited a larger grain size. While (SEM)is observed that the shapes of grain is fiber to nanofiber with increasing PEDOT:PSS concentration .

Ozone(O3) is a beneficial gas which is used for elimination of microorganisms. This gas provided from O2 and it is very unstable and reactive. The Ozone can be used as a disinfectant, decolorizer, detoxifier, precipitant, coagulant and also for removing taste. In this paper, the ozone used to control root-knot nematode in potato greenhouse. Ozone generator that designed for this purpose, produced 36 mgO3/m3. Ozone is injected to water with venture and greenhouse irrigated with ozonated water. After 20 days it is shown that disease have been controlled and stoped, crop increased between 30% and 40%, weeds decreased and plant’s daily growth enhanced.

The Trans-Atlantic slavery is a well documented human trafficking enterprise which gained international notoriety for the inhuman way in which it was conducted. The fact that such an infamy was allowed to thrive for centuries under the watchful eye and with the connivance of the most civilized nations in the world calls for continual investigation. This paper considers slavery as a literary enterprise. It explores the cognitive framework that made the capture, trafficking and the exploitation of Africans intelligible in the world where religious and humanist principles reigned. Fiction and nonfictional works of slavery depict various ways by which slaves were oppressed. This paper, which is an analysis of Toni Morrison’s Beloved, intends to portray the fact that the perception of black people as subhuman creatures was the main reason for their inhumane treatment. From the analysis, it is shown that the slaveholders instituted slave management techniques which were primarily aimed at implanting slave mentalities among the black people. The main motivation for the psychological enslavement of the blacks was the perception that Africans, by virtue of their race, were natural slaves and should be induced to accept that status. The analysis is informed mainly by social dominance theory and to a little extent classical conditioning psychological learning theory.

Review the problems of border markets in regional development and prosperity stated that despite the prominent role of border markets, the development of exchanges regional balance of trade in the region north and North West, negative and often work imported, and the regulations, management system in the marketplace, so not serious, and requires a favorable approach to management. Accordingly, with respect to the role of border markets, in social prosperity, and its impact on economic and social prosperity, be sure to research to be done, and the results analyzed and evaluated. Research, in terms of method, the cross-sectional studies, and the purpose of the methods is applied, the role and the effectiveness of border markets of Parvizkhan, improve the social situation of the region's residents. The population, including people working in the border area Parvizkhan Market, to the number 2320, which, according to Cochran formula, 300 people were selected as sample. In this research, data analysis, one-sample t-test was used. The results showed that the mean of the responses provided by respondents, the impact of border markets, the social issues of the region, 3/3417 from 5, if this mean to extend the society, with 95 percent of the average of responses people between 3/292 to 3/392 is, and because of this number (3/3417), the number 3 (1 very low 2 low 3 middle) is larger, it can be concluded, the impact of border markets on social issues in the region, almost too is. In other hand, because Sig = 0 is smaller than 0/05, this test statistically, is significant. Also in the field of welfare, security, and reduce migration also been influential.