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Chromium is the third most toxic heavy which can be removed from the environment by naturally occurring microbes. There is an increasing interest to enhance the bioremediation potential of microorganism; this study is focused on using UV radiation (258 nm) to increase the bioremediating efficiency of chromium tolerant Aperillus niger, isolated from peri-urban agricultural area of Kasur. UV light has a tendency to cause DNA mutations in microbes that may lead to point mutation which in turn can contribute towards tolerance against heavy metals. The conidia of K14 isolate of A.niger were exposed to UV light at the distance of 0.5m from the source and time duration of 1-6 hours. The behavior of A.niger with and without Petri plate cover under different doses of UV light was studied. Control strain was left unexposed to UV light. All the variants after exposure to UV light decreased the growth rate but the variant exposed for 5 hours showed contrasting effect as the growth significantly increased hence point mutations were caused when the Petri plate cover was removed. The mutant variant (irradiated for 5 hours) was taken for further analysis of heavy metal tolerance, biosorption and effect of different media conditions including pH, temperature, batch time and different Cr(NO3)3 concentrations. The rate of uptake of Cr(NO3)3 by the mutant variant was faster as compared to the control, whereas there was no significant difference in the biosorption potential of both the variants. Optimum biosorption conditions have been found for both the control and mutant variants at pH 6, temperature 30°C, and 2 hour as optimum retention time for control and 1 hour for the mutant variant. It was concluded that A.niger was differently affected by different time exposure of UV radiation (258nm) with reference to changes in its growth rate, uptake of metal and its tolerance potential and the rate of uptake of chromium was faster for the mutant variant.

This investigation is undertaken to study the numerical solution of a two-dimensional, steady, incompressible electrically conducting, laminar free convection boundary layer flow of a continuously moving vertical porous plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field, heat generation and viscous dissipation. The basic equations governing the flow are in the form of partial differential equations and have been reduced to a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations by applying suitable similarity transformations. The problem is solved numerically using shooting techniques with the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and are found to be in an excellent agreement. The physical behavior of different parameters for velocity, temperature and concentration has been examined graphically and analyzed quantitatively.

To prove the efficiency of Intramuscular Tramadol injection as labour analgesic and labour accelerator in latent phase of labour and mode of delivery .This is a prospective observational study done during Oct 10 to Sep 11. 100 pregnant women who were booked in this hospital. Out of 100 patients, 26 % had mild pain relief, 38% had moderate pain relief and 36% had no pain relief. Mean duration of I stage was 256.09 minutes and II stage was 25.54 minutes. Mode of delivery – normal delivery was 88.1% and LSCS was 9.1%.

According to the article 191 of Civil law, a contract can be implemented on the condition that the thing that indicates the intent will be possible. Since the signature indicates the intention of the signee's composition, the symmetry can be signature or signet. It is obvious that it is not necessary that the symmetry to be created in handwriting and it could be an electronic symmetry. The electronic signatures are actually a way for confirming the documents while guaranteeing their security during an interaction. In addition, this kind of signature does not have a feature prior to than the other kinds of signatures that makes them invalid and only the way of their creation is different. As a result, there is no legal restriction to apply this technology. According to the article 7 of the Iranian Trade Law (ITL), whenever the law necessitates the presence of signature, the electronic signature is sufficient. Therefore, the article of the electronic signature is computer does the same article of the handmade signature done by something like pen, while in the electronic signature is done again by hand but this time it. Secondly, not all the documents are paper-based. For instance, there are some important tablets, which regarding the available definition of document in the law, are considered as documents while they are not on paper. In fact, from the above-mentioned article 7, it can be inferred that the electronic signature can legally be a suitable substitution for the handy signature, and there is no difference between the handy signatures in the paper documents and the electronic ones in the terms of effects.

The electrical characteristics and molecular orbital analysis of 1,2-di(cyclopenta-1,3-dienyl)ethyne molecule has been studied by using quantum chemical calculations coupled with density functional theory (DFT) using Gaussian09 program package. The molecule has been substituted with thiol, Au and Pt atoms at both ends of the molecule one by one and the corresponding variations in structural, electrostatic and transport properties have been analyzed. In this study, thiol atom acts as linker whereas Au and Pt atoms act as electrodes. Comparing with thiol substituted molecule the Au and Pt substituted molecules exhibit more variations in their structural properties. Atomic charges of the free molecule as well as all the substituted molecules have been compared with MPA and NPA charges. The HOMO-LUMO gap (HLG) of the molecule decreases gradually for S, Au and Pt substituted molecules respectively. The existence of small HLG of Au substituted molecule enhances the conductivity. Using Au as electrodes with thiol as linker, 1,2-di(cyclopenta-1,3-dienyl)ethyne can acts as an efficient molecular wire.

Localized heating is poised to become an integral part of microfluidic devices in various life-science applications. The elimination of cancer cells are done using resistive heating method. Many methods are adopted for cancer elimination. But this method will be more useful for elimination the cancer cells. By using mems, COMSOL Multiphysics technique by resistive heating method the cancer cells will be get eliminated. This is catalyzed by the scale of economics, the advantageous fluidic behavior at small volumes, and the ever increasing need for rapid and high throughput assays for pharmaceutical industry and other combinatorial based studies. For precision confined heating, thin film resistive heaters have proven to be superior to the conventionally used Peltier elements, which are often a hindrance to miniaturization and functionality integration for thermally sensitive application. The resistivity of certain metals varies predictably with temperature, making them suitable for use as temperature sensors. If a thin film could be designed so that it preserves a uniform temperature distribution during heating, its total resistance would accurately reflect its temperature, allowing it to simultaneously act as both a temperature sensor and a heater.

This research paper portrays the automatic energy management system. Solar energy is used as alternate renewable energy and the energy obtained from solar energy can be directly utilized as dc supply for handling dc machines. The DC power is further converted to AC with the help of inverter. This process takes place automatically with the help of advanced microcontroller. The microcontroller is programmed in such a way to detect the kind of power supply needed for machines (i.e.) whether AC or DC supply. If there is no need of power supply to the machines solar energy can be directly stored in the battery for later use. This technique is applicable for both in residential and industries purpose. For the implementation of the system PIC microcontroller is used and simulation is done by Keil C µ Vision 4 software is applied for different mode of operations. In order to reduce the bus bars and wastage of power, this system provides a solution to operate efficiently into different modes. The result of our research idea will be done in Keil C software.

In this paper we propose a new approach of processing speech signal which is degraded by the reverberant components. This method is based on the analysis of short [2ms] segment of data to enhance the region of the speech signal and analyzing the speech components without degradation due to reverberation, using various methods [FFT, DCT& DWT] and comparison of their results.

Soil fertility depletion is a single most important constraint to food security in West Africa due to continuous cropping and increasing population pressure. Rising costs of commercial fertilizers and increasing emphasis on sound manure management to protect water quality, renewed interest has been focused on maximizing the fertility returns of organic manure. The study determined the effect of dynamic kraaling on soil nutrient status of soils of the middle voltain formation (sandstone, shale and siltstone) in Savelugu/Nanton District in the Northern Region of Ghana. Six (6) soil samples each were collected at two depths (0-40 cm and 40-80 cm) from an active kraal (AK), an old kraal (OK) and non-kraal (NK) farmlands. Laboratory soil analysis indicated that N levels were higher at 0-40 cm depth compared to the depth of 40-80 cm for the AK and the OK but indifferent for the NK farmlands at the two depths. High level difference in the concentration of Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) was observed between the two depths for AK and OK. The concentration of P and K was noted to have increased from the 0-40 cm depth to 40-80 cm depth. The results indicate that NPK was high in active kraals, old kraals and non-kraaled farmlands in decreasing order. Varying levels of organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were also observed for the different kraaling systems but these were observed to be much higher for the active kraals. The effect of dynamic kraaling in the improvement of soil nutrient levels was high.

Developments in the life sciences, whether in health, agriculture or the environment, have had an unexpected impact on life expectancy and the quality of life. Further, biotechnological inventions has already provided life-saving medicines such as monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer, human insulin to treat diabetes, erythropoietin to treat anaemia and cling to promise for cures for deceases currently regarded as untreatable. In the past decades biotechnology has been one of the fastest growing fields of technology among all. As the field covers a wide range of areas from micro-organisms to agriculture and medical applications, and involves publicly disputed techniques and products such as genetically modified plants, animal cloning or human embryonic stem cells, the ethical issue on patents is more heated & controversial than in other technological areas.