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A vast amount of dye effluent from textile industries cause severe water pollution as it comprises of xenobiotic azo dyes that are recalcitrant to biodegradation. Continual research is going on worldwide to develop effective, economical and environment-friendly treatment processes while biological treatment is considered the most promising in all aspects. This study aims at the evaluation of textile dye decolourizing capability of naturally occurring fungi. After screening, 4 fungal species identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavipes, A. luchuensis and Penicillium rubrum from dye effluent were found as potential decolourizer, exhibiting strong to mild decolorization of Novacron dyes viz. Blue FNR, Red FNR, Yellow FN2R, Orange W3R and Navy WB at habitat concentration of 0.05% after 3, 5 and 7 days of co-incubation in Czepex-Dox broth medium. Maximum decolourization usually found at 7 days. Notably, A. fumigatus and A. flavipes exhibited 85-99% decolourization of all the dyes. In contrast, A. luchuensis selectively decolourized 76-80% of yellow FN2R and blue FNR. P. rubrum also caused significant decolourization of red FNR, yellow FN2R and orange W3R. This study thus elucidates that indigenous microorganisms of textile effluent cause remarkable degradation of azo dyes and can be used as potent agent in their bioremediation.

Widespread perception about the motivations behind decision making process in purchase of a new product is crucial for the success behind the development of innovative products. This article used a quantitative research method to test hypothesises that were associated with different stimulating factors of consumers personality traits that affect the sale of new products; at the same time, it helped to highlight factors that have a significant effect. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used to distribute questionnaires to 105 students living in the UK. This research paper has found out that differences in personality traits of consumers have a significant effect on buying behaviour and intentions in case of new products, which in turn affects the final purchase of the products.

In the present context, the world is confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel and environmental degradation. The fuel economy is achieved by efficient combustion inside the cylinder which is possible by uniform mixing of air and fuel in the cylinder. The swirl can be generated in the diesel engine by modifying three parameters in the engine; they are the cylinder head, the piston crown, and the inlet manifold. The objective of the present study is to enhance the swirl effect in the cylinder which causes better performance and reduces the emissions. In this work an attempt is made using fixed curved blade with different inclinations placed before the intake manifold for effective air swirl motion. For this, the experiment is done on Kirloskar AV1 water cooled, natural aspirated direct injection diesel engine with pure diesel.

A total of 350 fruits and vegetable samples were collected from local markets in Ghana and subjected to pesticide residue and heavy metal analyses. Residues of some organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as gamma-HCH, methoxychlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, p,p’-DDE, and p,p’-DDT, as well as synthetic pyrethroid pesticides (SPPs), such as permethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin were found in a number of samples at different concentrations. The results obtained showed that 37 % of the fruit and vegetable samples analyzed contained no detectable level of the monitored OCPs, 22 % of the samples gave results with levels of organochlorine pesticides residues above the MRL, while 41 % of the samples showed results below the MRL. The majority of the analyzed samples contained detectable concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Cr. All the metal concentrations were far below their respective limit. Daily intake limit was calculated and compared with their respective tolerable limits. Synthetic pyrethroid pesticides were detected in 66 % of the samples without violation. The daily intake of heavy metals and pesticide residues revealed that all the monitored pesticides and heavy metals were far below the recommended tolerable levels except aldrin and dieldrin in fruits and aldrin, dieldrin and endrin in vegetables suggesting a great potential for systemic toxicity particularly in children considered the most vulnerable population subgroup. Based on observations made in these studies, it is proposed that more extensive monitoring investigation covering all foodstuffs be carried out to find the exact position of heavy metals and pesticide residues.

The paper reports key issues associated with the used of leaded gasoline (petrol) in Nigeria. While many global countries have indicated strong commitment for a shift to most suitable and environmentally sustainable gasoline upgrading option (i.e hydroisomerisation), addition of 0.6-0.74 g/L of tetraethyl lead remain the only upgrading option given priority in Nigeria, due to government negligence. Millions of people have suffered from various associated illness with numerous number of deaths, especially in young children below the age of seven. The soils, foods and waters are severely polluted in the major trafficking communities. The availability of favorable factors such as adequate infrastructure and capital for hydroisomerisation in the country indicated the process to be a long overdue process that was neglected due to poor government concern and serious corruption problem in the energy industry. It is therefore recommended here that the public should put the issue in the fore front of the current protest for lucrative workers’ salary.

Most of the attacks on web application occurs by hits and trial methods, analysis of previous methods, misguiding users etc. User’s are intelligent but could see only, that, which are visible. Internal configuration or working are hidden by the user, even by designer also, because web application has to cross various platforms, architectures and layers each having their own pattern or procedure, various web attacking classe are acting on web ,out of which phishing attack class has been discussed and which is the most threatening way to misguide user, Here Phishing attack has been discussed from where attacker generates exact replica of original site to get username and password.

Comparative photochemical and proximate composition of unfermented and fermented walnut kernel and walnut shell of (Tetracarpodium conophoroum) were carried out using Aspergillus niger to facilitate fermentation. Photochemical and proximate analysis was carried out based on [AOAC standard official methods of analysis of association of analytical chemist 13th edition Washington]. Values obtained for fermented kernels as against unfermented kernel at 95% confidence level was: unfermented kernel: Ash (4.00 0.02), moisture (7.00 0.02), protein (26.30 , crude fibre (6.81 fat (4.61 and CHO (51.27 . unfermented kernel: moisture (5.00 , protein (24.06 ash (4.70 , crude fibre (6.69 , fat (5.04 dry matter (95.00 , and CHO (54.19 the result obtained for the walnut shell was: fermented shell: Moisture (12.00 , Protein (1.52 , Ash (2.06 , Crude fibre (15.90 , Fat (0.61 , Dry matter (88.00 , and CHO (64.47 . for the unfermented shell; Moisture (10.00 , Protein (1.06 , Ash (1.50 , Crude fibre (16.13 , Dry matter (90.00 , Fat (0.90 , and CHO (71.77 . The result obtained showed that fermentation reduces the photochemical in the kernel and enhance the level of bio nutrient majorly protein and Crude fibre. Reducing sugar and alkaloid were completely eliminated through fermentation; this provides an appreciable development in medical and pharmaceutical research.

The phytochemical analysis of mechanically extracted castor (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil (CSO) was carried out using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GCMS). A total of seven compounds {oleic acid (54.97%), stearic acid (16.53%), palmitic (10.35%), ricinoleic (9.61%), squalene (3.17%), palmitin, 1, 3-di- (3%) and octadecanoic acid (2.37%) } were identified from the spectra. The ability of CSO to protect bambara groundnut seed against Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius was also evaluated under laboratory conditions (26±2°C temperature and 75±5% relative humidity). Percentage repellency was concentration-depedendent, with 13.07% observed in the control being significantly (p<0.05) lower than percentage repellency observed in other treatments. Contact toxicity increased with exposure period. At 2 hours after treatment (HAT), mortality of C. maculatus was significantly higher (p<0.05) at 1.0µl/ beetle than the control. When CSO was applied at 0.5 µl/ beetle, the LT50 value was 0.59 (0.25-0.83) h. Percentage mortality of C. maculatus in bambara groundnut treated with CSO increased with concentration. The LD50 against C. maculatus was 0.14 (0.05-0.22) µl per 50 grams seeds. Application of CSO at the rate of 0.7- 1.5 µl per 50 g bambara groundnut seed gave significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage oviposition inhibition rate than what were obtained in methanol-treated and untreated controls. Percentage seed damage (4.74%) observed in 1.5 µl/ 50 g was significantly (p<0.05) lower than 15.26 and 17.66 % observed in methanol-treated and untreated control respectively. The results obtained indicate that CSO could be used to control Callosobruchus maculatus in stored bambara groundnut.

Platelets play important physiological role in blood and participate primarily in thrombosis and hemostasis. However, they are highly activated in case of obesity and therefore contribute to the thrombosis and hemostasis. Obesity and MtS result into the thrombosis and hemostasis. Thus this work studies about how these adipokines and cytokines affect the platelets activity in obesity could help us in developing precise intervention to counter the obesity related vascular insufficiency.

Present study aims to find out the prevalence of hypotension and hypertension among Bengalee adult males and females of Midnapore, West Bengal, India. A multistage sampling technique was used by a house-to-house survey among 498 (Male=344, Female=154) adult individuals. It was evident from the present result that hypertensive cases were found to be more frequent among males with respect to Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure DBP. However, hypotensive cases were found to be more frequent among females, only in DBP. Furthermore, age seems to be a potential risk factor for the development of hypertension in the studied population.