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This treatise presents evidence that education theory and practice is a process that integrates the knower, the known, and the process of knowing. It is an activity of integrating what is taught and learner’s experience to the existing curricula of pedagogy in learning institutions. The purpose of this discourse is to divulge the connectivity of the knower, or learner; the known, or subject matter; and the processes of knowing. The initial section presents a collocation of what is taught with the learner’s awareness in education practice. The second part analyzes the nature of the knower, the known, and the process of knowing. It suggests that the deficiencies in education practice as reflected in the systems of education emanate from the limited correlation of these three mandatory facets in objective knowledge. The relativity of correlation of the facets of knowledge is a requisite means of solving the issues facing pedagogical activity as well as proposing an apt guide for the theory and practice within the systems of education. In conclusion, this article highlight that this negation can be contracted by stabilizing the connection between the knower’s awareness, full potentiality of the mind, and substance of knowledge.

In the last two decades since the present political dispensation, Nigeria?s law enforcement system has faced challenges with reconciling the different and often conflicting native and western style of law enforcement in a magnitude that have never been seen before since independence 58 years ago. The citizens have felt disenchanted with the way and manner successive governments have managed to resolve the conflicts for the welfare of the generality, and this has exacerbated situation. Most Nigerians felt that past governments have ignored, and often fought against the effective, efficient, and widely used native law enforcement and social control systems. The official government?s position is hostile to the native law enforcement systems and has continued to date throughout Nigeria and indeed in some African countries. This paper argues that the criminal justice system in Nigeria should be redesigned to either reflect the centrality of the native systems in Nigerian lives or adopt correctly in form and substance the western style if Nigeria is to be a player in the comity of nations in this 21st century.

Short answer questions (SAQs) are one of the popular accepted means of evaluation in medical education. Importance of understanding approach towards Anatomy is beyond doubt. The level of cognitive domain in SAQ should be addressed recall (60%), understanding (20%) and application (10%) is mentioned in the new curriculum 2012. To observe the SAQs of ‘3-years’ 1st professional undergraduate Anatomy written examinations regarding the addressed level of cognitive domain. Study was conducted at the department of Anatomy, Enam medical College, Savar, Dhaka. Twelve (12) Anatomy written SAQ paper from May 2015 to November 2017 of Dhaka University were collected and grouped according to the addressed level of cognitive domain. (76.48%), (74.03 %) of the SAQs of paper-I and paper-II addressed recall, (23.52%), (25.91%) understanding level respectively. There was no application type of question in both papers. No significance difference was observed in between two papers, but significance difference (p<0.001) was found with the curriculum. Keeping the importance of SAQ in mind as assessment tool, should focus for achieving the proposed level of cognitive domain according to the curriculum.

Table of contents for the month of February 2019

The higher the position of manager in management level, the more his complex decisions frequency and the broader the scope and intensity of positive or negative effects. Management laboratory is a tool for development of managers’ decision making skills in simulated or virtual space which allows provision of rapid, scientific and instructive feedback while allowing making different decisions without worry about its consequences. Use of this method in the well known faculties of management in the world (especially Harvard Commercial School) is expanding. The present research studies functions and patterns of management laboratory. In study of functions, effect of management laboratory shows reinforcement of public section in Johari window through education and feedback and self openness. In Webber Theory, manager’s power source reinforces three legal, reward and punishment and specialized sources of managers and provides tools for realizing meritocracy and manager election in ideal bureaucracy pattern. In patterns section, five patterns of physical simulation, virtual simulation, physical games, computer games and temporary organizational rotation have been studied and case study of three successful global experiences and two Iranians experiences has been done. All of these studies show increasing application of management laboratory in the world and necessity of performing more researches on its requirements and challenges.

Menopause is nothing but the complete freedom for a woman from delivering the baby. Women attain menopause at different ages depending upon their health conditions. Menopause has been understood differently in different cultures depending upon its importance and understanding. Women’s reproductive life begins with puberty and end up with menopause. In between this woman will undergo series of reproductive hazards and this cannot be revealed publically. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand ‘menopause’ in a rural setting keeping in view the farm women labourers, who are by and large illiterate and superstitious in nature.

This research was carried out from April 2012 to late August 2012 in Kakan Region as a recreational area around Yasuj (the capital of the Kohgiloye - Boyer Ahmad Province), I. R. Iran. The method used in this study was based on radius point counts. In the study area, 29 terrestrial bird species were identified. According to the “Margalef Index”, the most biodiversity richness was observed in June (3.259) and the least richness in August (3.250). According to “Menhink Index”, the most richness was seen in June (0.395) and the least in August (0.390).According to “Simpson Index”, the max. biodiversity richness was in August (0.928) and the min. biodiversity was June and April (0.925). According to “Shanon-viner Index” the max. biodiversity richness was observed in August (4.250) and the min. biodiversity in June (4.205). According to “Simpson Index” the most uniformity was in August (0.477) and the least uniformity was in June and April (0.460). The diversity of species uniformity indices indicate a high habitat quality around “Kakan” area and status of good conditions for birds which should be considered in the management issues. The suggestions proposed in this article can be effective in improving the conditions for birds in the region.

We are very happy to announce that from 13th December 2018, Mr.Ebrahim Jamshidi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Educational Management. The appointment of Mr.Ebrahim Jamshidi as member, Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

An aqueous medium multicomponent synthesis of trans-2-aroyl-5-methyl-3-aryl-3, 5-dihydrofuro [3, 2-c]-quinolin-4(2H)-one in pyridine by conventional and microwave irradiation, easy workup, smaller reaction time and lack of column chromatography are the significant feature of this protocol. The Phenacyl bromide with pyridine is first time used as starting with1-methyl-4-hydroxy quinolone, substituted aromatic aldehydes for the biological interest compound (4a-p) for this green transformation generating one C-O and two C-C bonds in one operation, Knoevenagel followed by Michael addition and intramolecular Cyclisation.

Multidimensional assessments of groundwater quality have been carried out in some communities of the Lower Pra Basin in Ghana. Samples were collected from thirty one (31) water points. All ions were determined using standard methods. Results show that ion concentrations are primarily influenced by various hydrogeological processes such as silicate weathering, ion exchange and sea aerosol spray. From the SAR calculation, 90.3% of the water was within the excellent category; 6.5% and 3.2% were within the good and unsuitable category respectively. Calculation of % sodium showed 7%, 48%, 32% and 13% being good, permissible, doubtful and unsuitable respectively. From the Wilcox’s diagram, approximately 71% fall within excellent to good category; 26% in the category of permissible to doubtful; 3% within the doubtful to unsuitable category. Approximately 90% of the samples were found to be good by RSC index; 7% fall within the doubtful category and 3% unsuitable. A high percentage was within permissible ranges for TDS and TH. The results suggest that generally groundwater samples are suitable for domestic and irrigation purposes under normal temperature and pH condition.