Social Sciences

This study wishes to examine and validate the ‘broken window’ hypothesis among the fifty one states in the United States. The chosen method for this analysis is Johansen cointegration test to test for cointegration, and if any cointegrating vector is found, we proceed to test for Granger causality based on VECM. We test whether property crime (proxy for minor crime) leads to violent crime (proxy for major crime) in the fifty one states with respect to the period 1960 to 2007. Result of the study indicates that violent crime and property crime are cointegrated in forty eight states out of fifty one states. Further analysis to test for the validity of the broken window hypothesis provides stunning result whereby we found that the hypothesis is indeed valid in forty four out of forty eight states.

This paper explored the motivations for beneficiaries’ participation in community-based agriculture and rural development program among Guba farmers in Nigeria. Utilizing qualitative research approach, the data for the study was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion based on semi-structured questions from 8 key informants. The data collected was analyzed through open-coding system. Findings of the study indicates that though, several reasons have been identified by informants as their motivations to participate in the program, the desire by beneficiaries to meet tangible material benefits stood above all other considerations. However, Group leadership, Workshops and Seminars, the program’s approach, Officials / beneficiaries’ relationship and publicity given to the program were also found to have motivated beneficiaries’ participation. At the end, the paper made recommendations to practitioners and policy makers in designing future developmental programs that ensures popular participation. This will in the long run ensure the sustainability of the programs and effective poverty alleviation.

Sense of well-being or life satisfaction is one of the most important features that a qualified mental health should be enjoyed. Sustainable and inclusive concept of life satisfaction is the general feeling of the community towards a world in which people live reflect and Individual and social aspects of the case so as to find out. So in addition to individual factors influencing satisfaction, social factors are also examined, including the amount of social capital. This study examined the relationship between social capital and life satisfaction among young people, is in Hamedan. In this regard, this study seeks to answer this question are the various dimensions of social capital and life satisfaction, what relationship there? In the present research, surveys and data collection, Questionnaire is a multistage sampling, using a random sample of 380 young people has been studied in Hamadan. Such variables as independent variables were examined in this study including; social trust, social integration, social participation, The total amount of social capital, socio – economic, age. Thus the effect of each of these variables were assessed on Life satisfaction to show that is there any correlation between these variables and Life satisfaction of the citizens or not. The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between independent and dependent variables investigated.

The present study was carried on to investigate the relationship between EFL learners’ behavioral patterns in learner/ teacher-centered classes and the proficiency level of the learners. It is believed that as one moves up from one level of proficiency to another, classroom interaction becomes less teacher-centered and learners have a bigger share in classroom discourse. The participants of the present study were 180 female students of nine EFL classes majoring in ‘Interchange 1’, ‘Interchange 3’, and ‘Passages 2’ books at Sadr English language institute. In each of the classes under study, a total of sixty minutes of classroom interaction was tape-recorded, thirty minutes of which was randomly chosen for the sake of the present study. The tape-recorded data were later analyzed based on Brown’s Interaction Analysis System (BIAS). A post hoc sheffe test was conducted to shed light on the differences. It was revealed that learners showed the most responding behavior at the advanced-level classes, and they showed less responding behavior at the intermediate classes, and they showed still less responding behavior at the elementary level classes. The results also showed that teachers had the most frequency of talking at the elementary level classes, and they had the least frequency of talking at the advanced level classes. Teacher talk at the intermediate classes was in between.

Aim of this present study is to investigate the relationship between social capital &; knowledge Management Company in the Iranian national refining and distribution of oil. Our model has four dimensions of knowledge management and a model for social capital. The statistical sample of this study was the manager and employees of the Iranian national oil refining and distribution company based in the proposed model of research, we examined the hypothesis of the research, which consisted of a main hypothesis and five hypotheses of submarines. At last, the research hypotheses were tested By Spearman Correlation Factor and four hypotheses were accepted and one of them weren't accepted And their significance factor was confirmed. Afterward, by the multi factor data analyzer, it was noticed That the independent variables of research has multi dimension correlation with km as a dependant variable

Three general types of sports tourism exist in Malaysia: spectator sports, traditional sports and adventure sports. The purpose of this of this paper to examine a participative sport event, SUKIPT’s athlete, in order to illustrate the relations between athlete and the events to which they travel. Research method used was qualitative, quasi-experiment approach to examine a participative sport event, SUKIPT’s athlete. The impact is based on Gibson (1998), increased urbanization, civilization process, means for economic development, concern with health and well-being, advancement in “high tech” sports equipment, and advancement in communication and technological development.

The four programmes of the Swadeshi movement which were like the four pillars of Nationalism were translated into action in different parts of India.  The idea of Boycott was kept alive and brought home to every door by articles in newspapers, processions, popular songs, enrolment of volunteers to keep vigilant watch, and by occasional bon-fires of foreign clothes, salt and sugar. The old apparels of foreign make belonging to sundry people were placed in a heep and then it was set on fire.  The blazing flames were greeted with shouts of ‘Bande Mataram’.  Such bonfires were looked upon as a special mode of honouring noted public leaders when they visited any particular locality.  Such tours of eminent leaders and the bonfires greeting them were regarded as of great value as a means of infusing enthusiasm for Swadeshi.

The aim of current study is to investigate the relationship among social capital & the Knowledge management in the Iranian national Oil refining and distribution Company. our model has four dimensions of knowledge management and a model for social capital. The statistical sample of this study was the manager and Employees of Iranian national oil refining and distribution company, Based on the proposed research model, we have examined the research hypothesis, which Consisted of one main hypothesis and five subs hypotheses. At last, the research hypotheses were tested By Spearman Correlation Factor and four hypotheses were accepted and one of them weren't accepted And their significance factor was confirmed. Afterward, by the multi factor data analyzer, it was noticed That the independent variables of research has multi dimension correlation with km as a dependant variable

The study was carried out selecting a random sample of 120 postgraduate scholars studying in first and second year M.Sc. (Agri.) at B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The study reveals that a great majority (89.17 per cent) of the postgraduate scholars studying in higher agriculture education had above average level of overall employability. The level of employability was observed significantly higher among those postgraduate scholars, who had better academic performance, highly educated father and mother, higher degree of library exposure and increased level of job preference.

Currently, Ministry of Information, Communication and Technology in Thailand has focused on information and communication technology (ICT) to provide innovation solutions for socio-economic growth. The best concept for ICT Reform is that the Thai government should not dominate the role of providing ICT services, but they should be run more efficiently by private companies. Rather, the role of the government should be to be responsible for planning, structuring and regulation, whilst the private sector may be responsible for management, investment, construction and finance. The transfer of responsibility to the private sector and the introduction of competition should be accomplished through some transparent arrangements including management contracts, capital leases, concessions, sale of assets and rights to operate (Best Practices for Telecommunications Reform, 2002). However, there exist difficulties when the government has to formulate the ICT policy. The policymakers are often unfamiliar with the technologies that they are harnessing for the national development. This article explores the national ICT development models employed in different countries which exhibit some similarities and differences. In overall, the ICT policy is not only the direction about developing the ICT industry or sector of the economy but also encompasses the use of ICTs to engender economic, social, and political growth.