Archives-September 2014

The present study focused on Chomsky's pr-drop parameter theory (1981). Based on Chomsky's theory, there is a pro-drop parameter which is "true" in Farsi and "false" in English. Such parameters describe all languages world-wide. Knowledge of these parameters can help people understand other languages. To achieve the objectives of this study, first, pro-drop parameter was introduced and its characteristics were discussed. Having presented some examples the researchers compared English and Farsi languages. Findings revealed that some errors committed by Iranian English language learners can be due to this parameter.

In the present context, the world is confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel and environmental degradation. The fuel economy is achieved by efficient combustion inside the cylinder which is possible by uniform mixing of air and fuel in the cylinder. The swirl can be generated in the diesel engine by modifying three parameters in the engine; they are the cylinder head, the piston crown, and the inlet manifold. The objective of the present study is to enhance the swirl effect in the cylinder which causes better performance and reduces the emissions. In this work an attempt is made using fixed curved blade with different inclinations placed before the intake manifold for effective air swirl motion. For this, the experiment is done on Kirloskar AV1 water cooled, natural aspirated direct injection diesel engine with pure diesel.

Present work deals with assessing antimicrobial activity of C.carandas against multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria. Leaf, stem and root were collected, dried and extracted using standard methods for flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids. Extracts were screened by using ‘Disc Diffusion Assay’. Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Total activity, Mean and Standard Deviation were calculated. S.aureus was found to be the most susceptible organism followed by B.subtilis and E.coli. Bound Flavonoid of roots showed the best activity against B.subtilis (IZ= 15mm, MIC= 0.312mg/ml, MBC=0.156mg/ml, TA=3.20ml/g). Results reveal that extracts of C.carandas have good antimicrobial potential and may be exploited for antimicrobial drugs

A copper complex of the type [Cu(Phen)(L-Tyr)(TSC)](ClO4), where Phen = 1,10 Phenanthroline, Tyr = Tyrosine and TSC = Thiosemicarbazide, was synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, IR, conductivity measurement and EPR studies. DNA-binding properties have been studied by electronic absorption, emission, viscosity and cyclic voltametric methods. The results suggest that the copper(II) complex bind to DNA via different modes. Gel electrophoresis study reveals the fact that the copper complex cleaves super coiled pBR 322 DNA to nicked and linear forms in the presence and absence of ascorbic acid. The in vitro antimicrobial study indicates that the complex has good activity against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungus.

A copper (II) complex, [cu(phen)(L-Ala)U](ClO4) (phen=1,10- phenanthroline, L-Ala =L-alanine,U =urea ), has been synthesized and characterized by Infra-red, EPR spectral and elemental analysis methods. The interaction with calf-thymus DNA has been studied by means of electronic absorption spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy, viscosity and cyclic voltammetry has been conducted to assess their interaction between their complex and DNA. A sample of copper II complex was tested for its Antimicrobial Activities and it was found to have good antimicrobial activities.

A copper complex of the type [Cu(Bipy)(L-Tyr)(TU)](ClO4), where Bipy = 2,2’ Bipyridine, Tyr = L-Tyrosine and TU = Thiourea, was synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, UV-Visible, IR, conductivity measurement and EPR studies. DNA-binding properties have been studied by electronic absorption, emission, viscosity and cyclic voltammetric methods. The results suggest that the copper(II) complex bind to DNA via different modes. Gel electrophoresis study reveals the fact that the copper(II) complex cleaves super coiled pBR 322 DNA to nicked and slight linear forms in the presence and absence of ascorbic acid. The in vitro antimicrobial study indicates that the complex has good activity against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungus.

The histopathological effects of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4- D) intestine tissues of the Danio rerio were determined by light microscopy. The fish were experimentally exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (0,1 ppm, 0,5 ppm and 1 ppm) of 2,4-D for 5 days. Tissues were normal in the control group. In the intestine tissues of fish exposed to 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, oedema, necrosis and atrophy of epithelial cells were observed. The present study proves its toxic potential in terms of the damages induced by 2,4- D in organ level.

Mountainous areas are one of the tourists' favorite destinations throughout the world. The lack of appropriate planning of responsible organizations and tourists unawareness about mountainous villages touristic potentials and reluctance of private sector to invest on providing proper facilities and equipment for tourists in mountainous areas have been caused tourism no development in these regions. The current research has been implemented in one of the mountainous regions of Guilan province in order to answer these questions that what are the advantages and limitations of tourism development in mountainous regions of Amlash county and what strategies exist for mountainous tourism development? Whereas recognition of strengths, pitfalls, opportunities, and threats, and planning to resolve limitations and increase benefits and create economic and social changes in this region are the obvious goals of this research, this paper used survey method (descriptive-analytical), field studies and questionnaires completion by three samples of statistical community (tourists, rural families (people), local managers) and determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the form of economic, social, cultural, ecological, and institutional in SWOT method to codify quadruplet strategies to develop mountainous tourism in AMLASHCounty. Studies have been shown that regarding to existence of strengths and opportunity in this region, threats and weaknesses levels are also very high and this region is vulnerable against tourism development and redistribution and reallocation of resources and appropriate and logical planning in regional level is an essential issue.

ILO protocols contain fundamental values of labor laws. Since labor laws are devised by human identity and non-ideological to support workers and to mitigate real inequalities in legal relationship between client and workers, such protocols can be used as efficient criteria to measure and value labor laws domestic norms. In this vein, radical ILO protocols on labor associations and their negotiations with clients are highly important due to their natures. Studying radical protocols on “collective negotiations and treaties” and “expanding collective negotiations” indicates that it is sufficiently attempted in Iranian legal system to execute general principles of such documents in labor laws related issues. Some attempts have come to conclusions while others are yet far from achieving relevant standards

Teaching second language is one of the most abstruse tasks for the teachers to confine the involvement of the students and additionally motivate them so that they may backlog knowledge in vigorous learning milieu. The educational researchers and the educators are probing different techniques and resources which may contribute to the effectual erudition. They are incessantly exploring certain pedagogical and audited strategies so that they can maximize the intellect of the learners. In this era of educational technology “Realia” is one of the important teaching aid that is being used by teachers to motivate their students.