Archives-September 2013

Hydrazone compounds derived from 2–Amino –5–chlorobenzophenone. The structures of the compounds are purified and characterized by means of TLC, melting point, IR, 1H NMR spectral data. The antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi was studied. The result of preliminary biological tests showed that of these compounds possess biological activaties.

Sulfur is an essential macronutrient for plants. As a constituents of sulfure containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine are also important for animal and human nutrition. That is why understanding of how inorganic sulfure is taken up by plants and built into organic molecules in the process of sulfur assimilation is important. The process of sulfur uptake and assimilation is an integral part of sulfur metabolism. The major physiological problem connected with sulfur metabolism is a sulfur deficiency stress which can be diagnosed in two states. The short -term response is characterized by the development of enhance lateral roots exploring the space in search for lacking nutrients. The long- term response is characterized by decrease in internal lipids, and chlorophyll content and increase in photorespiration. These factor provide-cause effect connections to decrease photosynthesis leading to limitation in energy assimilation, which is turn induces in decline of plant metabolisms.

Bullwhip effect is a phenomenon of increase in variation of demand as one move up the supply chain. Bullwhip effect has adverse effects on the sustainable growth of the industries. Bullwhip effect is very predominant in case of seasonal products. In this paper author has identified the major factors that affects the Bullwhip effect, and has derived a Multi-level model of these factors, on the basis of their contextual relationship, using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) technique.

The word ‘electronic banking’ is no more new today in the 21st century. It has been made possible due to the development and use of computers and the internet. The Internet has enabled small as well as large organizations to access global markets by offering online products and services. The main advantages of Internet Banking are time saving, low cost, and no geographical restrictions. In this regard, countries have incurred huge expenses to install modern eBanking technologies to provide simple, accessible, ease-to-use, and reliable services to both the customers and the bankers to carryout business online. However, research on the implementation and use of Information technology in the banking sector reports that there is not only a digital-divide among the customers of every state and city because of getting different eBanking facilities but also every customer is demographically different from others. This research is about the effects of demographics on the Prospects of eBanking in Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan. The literature from different countries, including Pakistan has been analyzed to understand the problem and to develop a research model for testing in the native environment.

The dawn of Internet and eCommerce has opened new ways of business for many financial institutions. It has connected organizations all over the world. Online banking is the order of the day. The main feature of internet Banking is the 24/7 users’ direct access to the information system of a bank without any geographical restrictions. Similarly, iBanking is time and cost saving, simple, accessible, ease-to-use and reliable to both the customers and the bankers to carryout business online. However, there are still many customers who do not use or reluctant to use eBanking services. This research is aimed to explore the factors responsible for the user-acceptance of eBanking in Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan. The researcher has done extensive literature review to analyze and understand the problem with regard to critical success/failure factors of customer acceptance and developed and tested a model in the local environment of Dera Ismail Khan.

Security systems are basically based on authentication process. It is being more secure using different approaches. Verity of security systems is available in market but, they uses conventional scheme for identification of a person for an authentication process. Authentication is based on identification process. Recently signals like EEG and ECG called physiological signal of a human is a famous subject for the researcher. Many systems are being developed using this unique human characteristic. It is very hard to copy and universal for every human kind. In experiment for person identification method uses EEG signal, Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) for feature extraction and Self-organizing map (SOM) as a classifier.

BCI (Brain Computer Interface) roles as a machine that provides direct communication between brain and computer. These kinds of machines can help people with physical disability, does their daily tasks as well as healthy people. In these machines, the brain signals are recorded from the scalp and will be prepared for analyzing in three steps of preprocessing, feature selection and classification that what kinds of tasks have been imagined. In BCI applications a big challenge is to improve classification accuracy in parallel with the computation time. In this paper, in preprocessing level we filtered the samples of each electrode with band pass digital Butterworth filter with cutoff frequency of 0.5 to 30 HZ. In the next level, the features are extracted from some famous fractal dimension estimation of the signal. These fractal features are Katz and Higuchi. In the classification stage we used ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) classifier and compared it with three strong classifiers as FKNN (Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbors), LDA (Linear Discriminate Analysis) and SVM (Support Vector Machine). We found ANFIS with Higuchi fractal features has the most classification accuracy (88%) among other investigated methods, but its speed is rather low among them.

Travelling salesman problem is an NP complete problem and can be solved using approximation algorithms. It is a minimization problem starting and finishing at a specified vertex after having visited every other vertex exactly once. Often, the model is a complete graph. An algorithm that returns near-optimal solutions is called approximation algorithms. Through analyzing the Metric TSP, the performance of the approximation algorithm can be improved significantly using parallelization that implements a program to find a path with approximately minimum travelling cost through parallel depth-first search and the result can be verified using graphical analysis of spanning trees.

Static analysis means examining a program code and overcoming all possible errors that tend to occur at run-time. Static analysis tools are efficient in finding bugs and correction of defects that arise due to improper functioning of the code, before the actual execution of the code [10]. In recent times, technology has facilitated us with new tools that do deeper and more efficient code analysis and have a higher defect detection rate along with low fake warning ratio. This paper aims to deal with buffer overrun anomalies occurring in many areas of source code in Java.

Currently it is observed that political participation by youth in Malaysia is increasingly less well received, this is because most of these people are more focused on their studies and their careers. Therefore this paper will discuss the factors that influence the political participation of youth in Malaysia. Among the factors that are highlighted are the Demographic factors, Leadership and Management Factors, the factor of the Leaders’ Communication, Mass Media Factors and Social Environmental Factors that consists of Family Influence, Peer Influence and Influence of the Local Community. From these factors, to a certain extent we are able to more or less see in detail the problems that exist in the political participation of youth, which can also provide some input in the best way to encourage political participation of youth in Malaysia.