Archives-January 2014

The purpose of this study is to survey the perception of teachers towards headmistress’ leadership dan recognize the level of motivation among teachers in that particular school. This study is modelled in qantitative and descriptive manner which involves 20 randomly chosen teachers in a primary school in Batu Pahat district under a headmistress leadership. Questionaire is used as an instrument to identify the work structure in women leadership, leader’s compassion and teachers’ level of motivation. In this study, descriptive analysis namely mode, min and percentage is used to in study outcomes. The study outcome that on the whole, teachers’ perception towards headmistress leadership in primary school in the district of Batu Pahat is positive ans satisfactory. The min score for all respondents for all items in the questionnaire is 4.07. The value shows basically these respondents have positive and constructive perception towards leadership of a headmistress. Nevertheless, there is a significant association between teachers’ motivation level and perception towards leadership of a headmistress. This verifies that the higher the teachers’ perception towards leadership of a headmistress, the more elevated their level of motivation. This study supports the outcome pertaining general assumption that the leadership style of a headmistress indeed influences teachers’ working motivation level.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of corpus-based instruction on Iranian EFL learners’ knowledge of idioms. To this end, 100 students from Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch whose major was English Language Translation, was given an OPT in order to homogenize them. Out of this, 60 students whose score fell one standard deviation below the mean was selected and regarded as intermediate students. Then, the subjects were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The students in both groups were given a pretest. The experimental and control group used the online British National corpus and a course book, namely Every day idioms for reference and practice, respectively. After the experiment, all the participants were given a post test. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between two groups in relation to dependent variable in pre-test (t58=1.58, p>0.05). The finding showed that the differences in pre-post test scores (2.92) clearly showed the efficacy of concordance in enhancing knowledge of idiom. It was showed that there were significance differences in knowledge of idiom between the groups in post test.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the internal auditing practices on the financial performance of Tehran Stock Exchangelisted companies and to consider the effect of a contextual factor-Political influence on this relationship. While much empirical works have given diverse reasons for the poor financial performance of TSEs, research evidence of the impact of internal auditing practices on the financial performance of TSEs in the Iran context is scanty.The study found no strong associationbetween internal auditing practices and financial performanceof TSEs and those political influences do not significantlyimpact this relationship. The weak association betweeninternal auditing practice sand financial performances isattributed to these enterprises’ inadequacy and poorimplementation of internal auditing practices. Where internalauditing is de-emphasized it cannot impact positivelyonperformance.

According to effects of globalization on changing attitudes, values and beliefs of particular communities in Eastern societies, education is impressed. The purpose of this study is investigating the process of globalization on the education of Islamic communities. Is it possible to cancel or reduce the effects of globalization? (In some cases, this effects appear inappropriate.) Some subjects as changing attitudes, persuasion and advertising people, are closely related to the globalization issue. Among the notable ideas in this area, "inoculated" by Mac Guar and Papajurjys (1961) has been proposed. It explains a method that can be protected in beliefs, opinions and views of the conflict. It protects people against the brainwashing through a gradual understanding of the beliefs about the correct reasons. After rejection of hypothesis, it is confirmed with medical vaccination approach. It means ideas and attitudes are also immunization against pests and damage. According to assumption of this study, globalization in the age of communication and information is the best way. This paper proposes two solutions. First, Educational system and families can protect children with inoculation against undesirable and unexpected some changes, attitudes and values. Second, promotion of critical thinking is against real accepting or ignoring in process of globalization. Critical thinking is one of the most important life skill in dealing with phenomena that are not really well-known.

In this article, we try to explain the concepts of the words like sustainable development, human development, and social capital and analyze the role of human sources for development and performing development programs by considering the model of development on the base of entrepreneurial. for this purpose, we express the scientists' point of view about entrepreneurial in the organizations of public section and in addition of connecting the concepts of human development and sustainable development with entrepreneurial in government, we consider and criticize the programs of reforming administrative structure and management in the third development program by considering development model on the base of entrepreneurial.

The paper focused on assessment of perception on climate change associated disasters, adaptations and resources for future opportunities based on human perceptions. Stratified random sampling was used for selecting respondents between north and southern Gashua. Fifty (50) respondents from the south and thirty eight (38) from the North were selected. The data was collected via field observation and structured interviews at the onset of the rainy season of 2011. The result revealed that, drought, wind storm, heat wave, hamattan dust, tree biodiversity reduction, flood and out-break of some heat related meningitis are among the major disasters aggravating the social well-beings of the populace. Among the reasons perceived for the disasters were massive deforestation, overgrazing due to communal resource feeling, nearness to desert, poverty, and societal immorality .Field observation revealed that, the inhabitants have adapted to the environmental challenges by practicing irrigation, fishing, rearing livestock, seasonal regional and local migration to southern Nigeria, reverting to traditional architectures, planting exotic tree species, civil service and intensive prayers for Devine intervention in their various religious gatherings. The study recommends among others, Agro- forestry intensification practice using draught- resistant tree species and massive participatory rural- integrated projects towards improvement of social amenities, economic diversifications through collaboration of NGOS, CBOS and local authorities, for the ample dry land resources-based opportunities witnessed in the study area.

Relationship marketing means establishing long term relationship with the customers. As loyal customers serve as a profitable source for a company so companies use different techniques to make them loyal. Membership cards have become quite a popular technique of relationship marketing. Companies are increasing targeting the elements that reflect the customers’ emotional bonding with companies. In this research an attempt done to determine different elements of affective loyalty and the role of loyalty programs in determining the difference between members and non members regarding these affective loyalty variables. Data is collected through questionnaire and analysed through independent sample t test. The results reveal that there is significant difference between members and non members for all dimensions of affective loyalty.

Four Trichoderma species with known biocontrol activity (T. harzianum, T. hamantum, T. viride and T. virens) were tested for their efficacy against Cephalosporium acremonium, a causal organism of Black bundle disease in maize. Interactions between the fungi were assessed in vitro to study mutual antagonisms. Among the four bio-agents, T. hamantum proved to be promising which showed maximum inhibition (51.3%) followed by T. virens (45.2%), T. harzianum (44.6%) and T. viride (20.3%). T. hamantum was also found to be hyperparasite on C. acremonium whereas, T. harzianum and T. viride showed mycelial deformation. The volatile toxicants released by all the Trichoderma spp. were inferior in inhibiting the growth of C. acremonium when compared to the control as evident by inverted plate technique. The results of in vivo experiments confirmed the results from the in vitro study and showed that all the four bio-agents significantly reduced the disease incidence of Black bundle disease.

Natural dyes are biodegradable eco friendly. In the present study an attempt was made to dye silk and cotton with the dyes extracted from the flowers of Delonix regia, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Tagetes erecta and Peltophoram petrocarpum using two different mordant, copper sulphate and potassium dichromate. The fabrics dyed in Nyctanthes have found to be good colour fastness when they subjected to involve in qualitative test.

Nowadays, with the rapid growth of urbanization, industrialization, modernization and population growth, there are some problems in urban communities, which is one of the most important problems in urban communities are criminals and prisoners. This problem is more acute when, as we have the phenomenon of crime and recidivism and return to prison inmates to do. Given the importance of this study, using field survey techniques and the study We are looking for an answer to this question: What are the social factors affecting recidivism among prisoners? The population of the city is all prison inmates to commit robberies committed crimes more than once And a sample of 350 patients was studied. In order to answer the main question of this study is to analyze the relationship between variables such as social trust, in partnership with Friends of the offender, religion, feelings of social exclusion, economic - social, family and age as independent variables and recidivism, as the dependent variable will. The results indicate that with the exception of age, there is a significant relationship between independent and dependent variables investigated.