Conference Publications

Synthetic dyes are indispensable to the textile and dyeing industries. Among all synthetic dyes, azo dyes are the most common, being used up to 90 percent of the tonnage, as they are versatile and easy to synthesize. Yet many azo dyes are toxic and cause genetic mutations. Even a very low concentration of these dyes in industrial effluents is enough to do great damage to the environment. Textile effluent is known to contain strong color, large amount of suspended and dissolved solids, and high BOD and COD concentration. Because of these characteristics, treatment of textile effluent has been a rather difficult task. Several processes have been attempted and reported in literature for removal of dyes present in the textile effluents such as adsorption, membrane separation and biological treatment etc. Among this biological treatment method are found to be cost effective and gives high efficiency over other methods for the removal of dye compounds present in the textile effluent and hence in this present work an attempt is made to reduce the BOD, COD, TDS and TSS using biological method.

Bio-oxidation is the process of oxidation of metal sulfide using variety of microorganisms for leaching the metal. The aim of the present study was to assess the capacity of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, on the bioleaching of lead from galena concentrate. While the process carried out under the sulfur concentration about 6%, the results showed that the maximum of 79.8% Pb was leached from the galena.

Short term load forecasting is very essential for daily planning in an electrical system. Power demand for the next few hours or days need to be predicted for smooth and economical running of a power system. Prior data is essential to make the prediction. There are different methods to do the forecasting or prediction based on previous data. This paper analyses the time series method of forecasting.

Treatment of wastewater has become a real challenge in recent years. Effluents of a large variety of industries usually contain important quantities of synthetic organics. The discharge of these colored compounds in the environment causes considerable non-aesthetic pollution and serious health-risk factors. The textile industry is one of the most important export industries of India. This paper presents a general review of efficient electrochemical techniques to decolorize dyeing effluents for environmental protection. The electrochemical treatment of wastewater is considered as one of the advanced oxidation processes, potentially a powerful method of pollution control, offering high removal efficiencies the removal of colour in textile industry. Electrochemical treatment of dye industry wastewater was investigated using different electrodes. Also it has to be seen that whether this type of industrial waste influent can be reused by proper implementation of treatment on water and choosing the correct method for treatment of dye waste water.

Microalgae are considered as raw materials for biodiesel production as a part-substitute for diesel. Eight microalgal strains such as, Tetraselmis sp., Dunaliella sp., Chlorella sp., Synechocystis sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Gloeocapsa sp., Synechococcus sp. and Oscillatoria sp. having lipid accumulation potential were used in the present study. Estimation of Chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents in algal strains grown under red fluorescent light revealed that there was an increase in biomass and oil yield respectively. Dunaliella sp. and Tetraselmis sp. cultured in tubular photobioreactor showed a maximum biomass of 1.38 g/l and higher percentage (72.6 %) of lipid accumulation respectively. Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) analysis of algal biodiesel showed the presence of saturated fattyacids peaks. AO10D was found as best algal biodiesel blend among algal biodiesel blends tested for their fuel properties, performance in engine and emission characteristics.

An off-grid hybrid energy system consisting of SPV - diesel generator – converter – battery is considered with zero percent loss of load for different electrical loads at a particular location of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Electrical loads of 1 kW, 2 kW, 3 kW, 5 kW, 8 kW, 10 kW, 20 kW and 50 kW are considered to analyze the system economically, electrically and emission point of view and optimized using HOMER software. LCOE decreases with increase in load up to 5 kW and it is almost constant between 5 kW to 20 kW and increases sharply beyond 20 kW electrical load

In recent years, marine oil pollution resulting from exploitation spills and accidents during oil transportation and use has affected the marine ecosystem safety, and oil polluted sea water remediation becomes a global problem. Peanut shell possesses a good property of adsorption pollutants and it can be easily obtained from the abundant produce of peanut all around the world. This experiment used carbonized peanut shell (CPS) as adsorbent; aiming to purify oil polluted sea water and explore optimal adsorption conditions and effects. Six sets of experiments were done under the initial oil concentration of 1.35 mg/L and CPS dosages of 0, 6.67, 13.33, 20, 26.67, 33.33 g/l, separately. Seventy percent of oil was removed under the ideal dosage of 13.33 g/l, getting the minimum oil concentration of 0.39 mg/l. Another six sets of experiments were also done under the adsorption time of 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 hand the same CPS dosage of 13.33 mg/l. The ideal removals of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (35.5%) and oil (71%) were obtained after 3 hours adsorption, while the highest COD removal gets to 47.5%.

As air traffic is rapidly growing in the ASEAN region, it is essential to undertake proper planning and measures to modernize or improve current ATM operations in order to accommodate future traffic. One operational concept that may be of interest to the ASEAN region is the Direct Route Environment within ASEAN airspace to facilitate shorter flight routes for increased capacity, efficiency and safety. In this study, a Direct Route Environment was modelled within Singapore?s Flight Information Region which is within the ASEAN airspace. The direct route operations were modeled and simulated by assigning optimum flight profile under normal wind and weather conditions. The conflict patterns and aircraft performance output were then compared between current and direct route operations, with the latter showing considerable economic, safety and environmental benefits over the former.

Mercury is a hazardous element and hence its removal from the eco system is essential to prevent the associated environmental health risk. There are many techniques available for the removal of Mercury (II) ions from the effluent stream; most of them are costly. By using a low cost and easily available adsorbent - a tamarind bark powder, the removal of Mercury (II) ions was carried out in this project work. The scope of this project work is to study of adsorption of Mercury (II) from effluent by varying the amount of adsorbent, size of adsorbent, concentration of Mercury (II) solution, contact time and nature of tamarind bark powder. The removal of Mercury (II) was studied in the laboratory shaker by batch process. The mercury concentration in the effluent was determined using spectrophotometric method, before and after adsorption. The adsorption of Mercury (II) using the tamarind powder is found to have an efficiency of around 40%. The efficiency increases up to 50 % for the reduced size adsorbent and it improves further up to 60% for the chemically activated wood powder.

Shifting to new energy as well as other low carbon solutions was conceived and viewed as serious challenge even to the most developed countries in the world. Hence, with the disadvantaged position of the least developing countries, whom, in most locations around the world are at the highest risk of climate change effect, the challenges will be even more higher. These are from the perspective of technology, finance and policies of ensuring smooth renewable energy transition in these countries. However, within this challenge, there is opportunity to start enjoying new energy particularly in areas where not much investment is done in the fossil technologies. The study highlights these challenges as they are posed by climate change and the opportunities by way of estimating the investment requirements and environmental vis economic benefits of leapfrogging in West African sub-region. Reasons for slow to non-adoption of RE in developing countries as well as arguments for the possibilities of leap-frogging to renewables are also reviewed, so also the challenges/barriers associated with the process of leap-frogging are highlighted. At the end, a simple Emission/Energy Demand Based Strategy depending on energy intensity and necessity is proposed and a very good case-study of leap-frogging to renewables in developing countries is discussed. It is established that, slowly developing countries can and should choose not to be only victims of, but take the opportunity presented by climate change.