Conference Publications

One of the last products in commercial aviation belonging to China is the C919 passenger airplane. This latest product is a product made by China to enter the market, especially against the series of Airbus A320 and Boeing 737. So it is a modern passenger plane consisting of single corridor and three-row seats like its competitors. In this study, composite structures used in the body of this new aircraft are discussed. Since the A320 and Boeing 737 are older design products, the use of composite materials in their fuselages is very low. At least the aviation use of composites is a surprising fact. The lowest utilization rate of composites is the aviation sector, which is a surprising fact. Because, although composite materials have been developed with aviation and aircraft industry, the rate of utilization in the sector is not very high yet. Especially in terms of weight and cargo we can say that the capacity is still higher in the high-altitude airplanes than in service conditions of metal alloys.

Shifting to new energy as well as other low carbon solutions was conceived and viewed as serious challenge even to the most developed countries in the world. Hence, with the disadvantaged position of the least developing countries, whom, in most locations around the world are at the highest risk of climate change effect, the challenges will be even more higher. These are from the perspective of technology, finance and policies of ensuring smooth renewable energy transition in these countries. However, within this challenge, there is opportunity to start enjoying new energy particularly in areas where not much investment is done in the fossil technologies. The study highlights these challenges as they are posed by climate change and the opportunities by way of estimating the investment requirements and environmental vis economic benefits of leapfrogging in West African sub-region. Reasons for slow to non-adoption of RE in developing countries as well as arguments for the possibilities of leap-frogging to renewables are also reviewed, so also the challenges/barriers associated with the process of leap-frogging are highlighted. At the end, a simple Emission/Energy Demand Based Strategy depending on energy intensity and necessity is proposed and a very good case-study of leap-frogging to renewables in developing countries is discussed. It is established that, slowly developing countries can and should choose not to be only victims of, but take the opportunity presented by climate change.

Computers have contributed immensely in the identification of plants, where a real world plant images are taken and processed to extract the data from the images. This technique can be extended up to forestry, farming, botany and many allied fields. The crop growth, health analysis, disease detection, cure and detoxification are the most common applications. Plants can be used as detoxification agents but a very few medicinal plants are identified, which are available in specific regions in forest. The tribal use particular medicinal plants in a very appropriate proportion to cure many diseases. If proper methodologies are found to identify the medicinal plants, it will definitely help humans to improve their life and cure the diseases. Therefore, the medicinal plants available in the forest region are reviewed and its identification techniques are studied to develop suitable approach to further improve the system.

The aerobic treatment is considered one of the most efficient methods for treating several types of effluents. This is due to its scope for treating high rate of simply biodegradable matters and wastewater. Several researches have been widely conducted in order to enhance the performance of the aerobic process. The up flow aerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology was considered as the most popular method in which the highest rate of organic materials can be removed. Nonetheless, the long start up interval of UASB reactor requires more understanding of the biological process inside the reactor. A pilot scale study was set up to investigate the principle design parameters of up flow aerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for treating waste water of small communities in the tropical regions of India. A steel pipe with a diameter of 7cm and a height of 65cm was used as the reactor in which a digestion and a three phase separator element have a volume of 2.157*10^3 respectively. During this study, which lasted for 70 days, two distinct phases were carried out according to the ambient temperature. The temperature of the waste water entering the reactor was naturally ranged from 260c to 300c and no heat exchanger was used. The hydraulic retention time including 2,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 & 8 hours with various loading rates of 56 to 197 mg of COD/lit/day were examined. On the basis of the results in optimal hydraulic retention time and organic loading rate BOD5, COD and TSS was removed respectively.

As air traffic is rapidly growing in the ASEAN region, it is essential to undertake proper planning and measures to modernize or improve current ATM operations in order to accommodate future traffic. One operational concept that may be of interest to the ASEAN region is the Direct Route Environment within ASEAN airspace to facilitate shorter flight routes for increased capacity, efficiency and safety. In this study, a Direct Route Environment was modelled within Singapore?s Flight Information Region which is within the ASEAN airspace. The direct route operations were modeled and simulated by assigning optimum flight profile under normal wind and weather conditions. The conflict patterns and aircraft performance output were then compared between current and direct route operations, with the latter showing considerable economic, safety and environmental benefits over the former.

Short term load forecasting is very essential for daily planning in an electrical system. Power demand for the next few hours or days need to be predicted for smooth and economical running of a power system. Prior data is essential to make the prediction. There are different methods to do the forecasting or prediction based on previous data. This paper analyses the time series method of forecasting.

The idea behind this study is to provide a solution on some problems faced in Indian Railways. Points taken in concern while working on this study are Cleanliness & power generation. Those it has been mentioned everywhere to do not use lavatories while train is at station, still it is observed that such notice is merely followed. Using some techniques like piezoelectric sensors for power generation and RFID for lavatory door locking automation, we can solve the problem faced.

Investigations on the production of xanthan with a locally isolated strain have been emphasized. We can isolate the strain by diluting serially the extract of infected banana petioles. By considering the cost-effective aspects of the xanthan fermentation process, agro industrial substrate sugarcane molasses was exploited. The effect of initial concentration of carbon source for the substrate was studied by varying the glucose concentration in the range of 2% to 6% (glucose equivalent). The time course of cell mass, xanthan production and substrate utilization were recorded in order to facilitate the kinetics of fermentation. The substrate chosen for study, sugarcane molasses resulted the xanthan gum yield of 27.2 g/l at a fermentation period of 96 h with the initial glucose concentration of 4%. The study confirmed that the logistic equation for growth kinetics and Luedeking-Piret model for substrate utilization and product formation model fits well with the experimental data

In this paper the thermodynamic evaluation of cooling with process heat for industrial application in India has been investigated to identify the effects of various operating parameters. In this system simultaneous production of vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) cooling and process heat from different heat sources with higher energy efficiency take place. This is one of the solutions to fulfill energy requirements from solar energy and also helps in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The VAR cooling system operates using the heat taken from parabolic trough collector and condenser heat of the VAR cooling system is used in process heat for various applications as per demand requirement. Though the production of cooling effect decreases due to extraction of heat from condenser for process heat application i.e. specifically in dairy industry, the complete cycle meets the energy requirements in industrial sector & also increases the overall efficiency. The different parametric study is also carried out to simulate the results of various useful outputs by varying various input points.

Steganography techniques are helpful to hide the secret information in cover media and thus aid in enhancing the security of sensitive data during transmission and storage. Applying discrete wavelet transform helps to convert the image to the frequency domain. Haar wavelet transform is used to obtain the low frequency approximate (LL) detail and three high frequency detailed (LH, HL, HH) details. As the detailed sub bands have less sensitive information these are used for embedding the secret information. The secret information in the form of image can be reduced to one fourth size using haar transform. Encoding methods can be used to reduce the size of the image and encrypting the compressed data with the known key can help to enhance the security. The quality of stegoimage is measured using PSNR. The hiding capacity can be measured to compare with the other techniques of steganography.