Aquaculture

Secondary sexual organ chela of Barytelphusa cunicularis, a freshwater crab was measured in females and males collected random at field from backwaters of Jayakwadi Dam. Segmental growth of major and minor chela was analyzed among sexes. In male all the segments in major and minor chela showed positive allometric growth while in female, merus and propodus only showed positive allometric growth. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of growth of major and minor chelae segments indicated that there was a significant difference in growth pattern between major and minor chela in males whereas in females the growth constants of major and minor chela segments did not differ significantly however, intercepts differ significantly.

In this study the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon subjected to lead nitrate toxicity under three sublethal concentrations (1.66,3.33 and 6.60 mg/L )for 24 hrs, 48 hrs 72 hrs and 96 hrs . The vital organs Muscle and Hepatopancreas were dissected from tiger shrimp and processed for biochemical assay .The results of Lead nitrate treated Shrimp shows a decrease in the level of Protein, Carbohydrate and Lipid comparing to the control Shrimp. The depletion results of Protein in Muscle from 65.22 to 60.45 percent ,Carbohydrate from 15.10 to12.10 percent and Lipid from 09.00 to 06.60 percent, similarly the hapatopancreas shows depletion of protein from57.48 to50.50 percent ,Carbohydrate from 18.57 to 14.42 percent and Lipid shows from 19.20 to 15.86 percent This shows depletion of three biochemical components due to the impact of Lead nitrate toxicity . Impact of Lead nitrate leads to active depletion of biochemical components of protein carbohydrate and Lipid resulting in accelerated metabolism.

Effect of different salinity on body composition of shyrbot fish was investigated. Shyrbot fingerlings with an average weight of 3.96 grams were reared under different salinities (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15g). Analysis of body composition showed a significant effect of different levels of salinity on protein, fat, moisture and ash (p<0.01) of the fishes. The highest level of protein, ash and moisture and lowest amount of fat were obtained in 15ppt salinity followed by 12 and 9ppt salinity. The highest amount of fat was obtained in freshwater followed by 3 and 6ppt. In higher salinities (9, 12 & 15ppt) low fat and energy stored. The results suggest that Shyrbot fingerlings until 6ppt salinity can be easily developed.

A feeding experiment was conducted on larvae of swordtail fish, Xiphophorus helleri, to evaluate the effect of two different live feed on growth and survival rate of the fish. Larval were fed thrice a day with Asian star feed powder and twice a day (morning and evening) with either Artemia or fairy shrimp nauplii as a supplementary feed for 45 days. Tests were run in triplicate and initial and final weights were recorded for all the treatments. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between fish fed with fairy shrimp nauplii and Artemia nauplii (P<0.01). The survival of the fish was not affected by the dietary treatments.

In the present study we have evaluated effect of different plant diets on the amount of food consumption, absorbed, converted and metabolized in the fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio. We discussed the feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate and metabolic rate of fished when they consumed different foods, and the absorption and conversion efficiency were observed. The maximum absorption efficiency was observed in the potato fed fish and the minimum was observed in the radish fed fish. But maximum conversion efficiency was noticed in cabbage.

In this study, effect of feeding two species of phytoplankton, Skeletonema and Chaetoceros, on zoea stage of Litopenaeus vannamei were evaluated. The larvae were fed with microalgae from Zoea 1 (Z1) until they change to Mysis 1 (M1). Survival rate, growth (total length) and larval development was evaluated every day. The highest survival rate (66.63%) was obtained in larvae fed with Chaetoceros. The highest growth rate (total length) was also related to Chaetoceros treating larvae with an average length of 3.17 mm. After over 128 hours, the best development stages of larvae was obtained in Chaetoceros treating with 100% conversion of larvae to M1, whereas only 10% of larvae fed with Skeletonema were observed at M1. Generally, Chaetoceros treatment showed better results between the treatments and statistically had significant difference with Skeletonema treatment (p<0.05).

The present investigation was carried out in the Purna valley of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra to study the effect of sodium adsorption ratio with total electrolyte concentration and on physical properties of salt affected soils in Purna valley of Maharashtra. The sampling was done in the month of October, 2013. The soil samples were taken from two sites; at the depth of 0-20 cm (surface soil) and 20- 40 cm (sub-surface soil) respectively. For equilibration of soil samples the synthetic waters were prepared with 4 levels of total electrolyte concentrations (TEC) i.e.10, 20,40,80 meL-1 with three levels of SAR viz., 5, 10 and 15 mmol1/2L-1/2. With SAR, MWD decreases due to the increase in dispersion. In case of COLE and VSP with increasing SAR they used to increase but with TEC they inversely related. Total electrolyte concentration and SAR significantly affect the MWD.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of probiotics, Binifit^TM on survival, growth, biochemical constituents and energy budget of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). The basal diet was prepared by the supplementation of probiotics Binifit^TM at four different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) was incorporated. Feed without Binifit^TM served as control. These feeds were fed to M. rosenbergii PL for a period of 60 days. Leaching of these diets varied between 13.7%-15.0% at time duration of 8 hrs. The growth parameters, such as survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 2% Binifit^TM incorporated diet fed PL followed by other experimental groups when compared with control. On the other hand, the food conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) lower in 2% Binifit^TM supplementation diet fed PL. This indicates the fact that this diet had resulted in higher growth rate than that of other experimental diets. Similarly the proximate composition of the total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 2% Binifit^TM incorporated diet fed PL. However, insignificant differences were recorded in moisture content between control and experimental groups. The energy utilization parameters, such as feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate, excretory rate and metabolic rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 2% Binifit^TM supplementation diet fed PL. However, Binifit^TM supplementation diet fed PL resulted in better growth performance. This is only because of presence of Binifit^TM in the feed. Therefore, incorporation of this probiotics in aqua feed is stressed for promoting sustainable culture of Macrobrachium.

The most important principle in public participation activities, capacity and mobilization of local communities through social structuring and new organization of people accepted by rural communities. Carbon sequestration project strategy based on a bottom-up planning and that executive strategies based on three principles of development needs, environmental issues and socio-economy issues has been reclamation and participatory management of natural resources. The research aimed to measurement Beneficiaries tendency of watershed in Gurpan area than participation in international carbon sequestration project and it factors affecting implementation in the area. The required data were collected with using a questionnaire. Statistical community consisted of 2335 person and sample size is 330 person which obtained by simple random sampling method. The dependent variable of this research, Persons tendency to participate in implementation of carbon sequestration project and the independent variable of individual, agricultural, economic, social ,educational and extension characteristics of persons and persons knowledge, persons attitude, and persons tendency to participate in the project. For reliability of the questionnaire used the comments of professors and experts. And its validity was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test. To express descriptive characteristics factors, were used descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation according to the measurement scale. The results showed that the respondents' knowledge of the project is moderate, attitude in the upper and positive, and tendency to participate in the project and tendency to the formation of rural development groups is moderate. In general, the tendency of people to participate in this project was moderate to high. Whatever the more knowledge of persons about the project, tendency of persons are more positive, and therefore will be more tendency to participate in the project.

Fisheries sector is one of the fastest growing sector in the world in the world as well as India, contributing to national income, export, food and national security and employment. India’s fish export has emerged as the largest group in agricultural exports. In India, Peanaeus monodon (shrimp) farming has become immensely popular with about 1,57,000 ha under culture and an average annual production of 1lakh tonnes. Farmed shrimp contributes about 60 percent by volume and 82 percent by value of India’s total shrimp export. Shrimp farming in India provides employment directly to about 0.3 million people and indirectly to about 0.6 to 0.7 million people mainly in coastal states Despite the progress, the shrimp industry has been facing severe crisis especially from 1994 owing to the outbreak of infectious diseases caused mass mortalities fetching crop losses to about Rs.1, 203 croes. To control the disease outbreaks and secondary infections, the shrimp growers resorted to use indiscriminately several antibiotics, chemicals and drugs. Even as they failed in controlling the diseases, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics caused the problem of tissue residues in the harvested shrimp. To over come the problem of antibiotic residues in the harvested shrimp, Government of India banned several antibiotics and allowed some antibiotics with MRL’s. Inspite of these remedial measures the problem of antibiotic residual problem had not been controlled as several reports have confirmed with contamination antibiotics. To address these antibiotic residual problems, a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic Oxytetracycline was used for the present study to estimate the withdrawal time. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is an approved antibiotic in India with a Maximum Residue limit of 0.1 ppm in the harvested shrimp, most commonly used in shrimp farming and hatchery operations to control endemic and systemic Vibrios through medicated feed. OTC was selected for estimation of withdrawal period for the black tiger prawn Peanaeus monodon under given conditions.