Gynaecology

The purpose of this study was to determine the sonographic characteristics of retained products of conception after second-trimester abortion. Methods: 187 women clinically suspected for retained products of conception referred for abdominal and if needed transvaginal ultrasound between 2015 and 2016. If remnants of pregnancy were suspected due to prolonged symptoms, and some specific sonographic findings (echogenous or heterogeneous mass, upper or lower segment maximal anterior-posterior endometrial thickness of more than 15 millimeter) dilation and curettage was performed and the specimen was sent for pathological confirmation. Information regarding age, gestational age, and number of previous pregnancies, as well as sonographic findings were recorded. 55 patients (29.4%) were found to have retained products of conception. Every patient with retained products of conception had at least one positive sonographic finding. A lower segment endometrial thickness of more than 15 mm was the most specific characteristic of retained products of conception (97.7%) with the highest PPV (83.3%), followed by endometrial mass with 94% specificity and 65% PPV.  Lower segment endometrial thickness of more than 15mm is the most specific sonographic finding for remnants of pregnancy; while, upper segment thickness of more than 10mm is the most sensitive one. 

TRAP sequence and conjoined twining are two congenital anomalies specified to monozygous pregnancies.This case report is a unique case of conjoined twins with TRAP sequence that conjoined from mouth of pump fetus.A 28 years old woman was referred due to active phase of labour with an ultrasonography report of conjoined twins (twins were joined at head and neck), which one was acarida acephalous fetus. At the time of operation delivery because of junction between twins at the site of mouth between pump fetus and TRAP fetus, There was no choice other than separation of twins by manual pressure.

ABSTRACT: Uterine arterio venous malformation(AVM) is uncommon cause of menorrhagia. We report a rare case of arteriovenous malformation. A case of uterine haemorrhage in a 20 years old lady who delivered 2 months back came with secondary PPH, where conventional treatment failed. A refractory case of PPH ,where GnRH agonist was given. Key Words: Uterine arteriovenous malformation, GnRH agonist

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and it is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Breast cancer has arisen as the most commonly detected cancer among women in sub-Saharan Africa, exceeding cervical cancer. This study sought to specifically assess the knowledge levels of female Senior High School (SHS) students of breast cancer and breast self-examination. It was also to ascertain whether females in Senior High Schools practiced Breast Self-Examination (BSE) and the barriers to practicing BSE. The study utilized quantitative method; the cross-sectional design was used to investigate the knowledge of breast cancer and practice of breast self-examination. The Bolgatanga Girls' Senior High School was used; they had a total population of 1, 946. Simple random sampling was used to choose students in year three who were 600. A sample size of 260 students were chosen for the study. The study showed that students had low knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and breast cancer screening methods however, they had high knowledge of breast cancer signs and symptoms. More than half of the respondents never performed BSE. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze the data. Despite high awareness of breast cancer and BSE, in-depth knowledge is low and respondents' BSE practices were characterized by faulty timing and regularity. It was recommended that there was the need to intensify education of the young girls on breast cancer and BSE for early detection and management.

Malaria is still a problem during pregnancy in Ghana and is associated with maternal anemia, premature delivery, intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight. Ghana adopted The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation that all pregnant women living in sub-Saharan Africa countries with stable malaria transmission to receive Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) using two doses of Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine, use Insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) and effective case management. There is a low patronage of prevention tools like ITNs in country. This study aims at determining knowledge of malaria preventive strategies among pregnant women in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted between February - May 2011,where a pretested questionnaire was administered to 100 pregnant women atTamale west Hospital who were purposely sampled.100 pregnant women were studied, 93% were knowledgeable about malaria preventive stratergies. Giving the health impact of malaria in pregnancy, there is a need to intensify efforts to provide health education on malaria and preventive measures as well as to encourage preventive practices among pregnant women in the global world.

The twist of a para-tubal cyst is an uncommon situation that must be evoked for any pelvic pain for a young woman. Pelvic ultrasound coupled with the Doppler must be realized at first. Ovarian cyst and tubal cyst are the main differential diagnoses. We report the case of a young woman of 36 weeks of amenorrhea, who consulted for a progressive right iliac pit pains. The diagnosis of twisted para tubal cyst was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Ovarian Fibroma is the commonest benign tumor of the ovarian sex-cord stromal (mesenchymal). These tumors are usually solid tumors and are usually seen in middle aged women and diagnosed by ultrasound or CT scan and confirmed by pathological findings1.According to FIGO staging of cervical carcinoma, for IA2-IB-IIA2, are usually treated by surgical methods like Primary radical hysterectomy with bilateral salphingo-oopherectomy with or without pelvic node dissection and followed by chemo or radiation depending on the histopathological findings, if nodes are positive for malignancy.

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare kind of soft tissue tumour; occurs usually in the vulva. It is usually confused with bartholin’s cyst because of its location. The other differentiating tumours arising in the vulval region is aggressive –angiomyxoma(AAM) and cellular angiofibroma.

Reading is a method of learning as well as self-teaching that is a basic necessity for the education and training of a nurse. Reading in most instances is enhanced by awareness of its importance, and knowledge of the techniques involved in. In the absence of these two, a student nurse may be incapacitated in the art of remembering and memory recall. Reading as a learning method was investigated among student nurses following the decline in remembering basic facts during oral examinations. This was more common with facts that had been studied earlier on in the education and training programme. Based on this, the study looked at three objectives: to outline some demographic parameters of the student nurses; investigate the importance and reasons for reading; and to assess students’ knowledge on the reading techniques. It is hoped that the results on the importance, reasons and knowledge of reading techniques can motivate other student nurses.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-neuroradiological entity characterized by headache, vomiting, altered mental status, blurred vision and seizures as well as images suggesting white-gray matter edema involving mostly in posterior regions of the central nervous system as seen by magnetic resonance image. The risk factors are malignant hypertension, eclampsia, chemotherapy agents, chronic renal failure, bone marrow transplantation. We present a case of 22 yr primi para who had normal delivery five days back without preeclampsia or eclampsia which is very rare.