Hormones and Signaling

Hyperamylasemia caused by the ectopic production of amylase in multiple myeloma (MM) is rarely described in the literature. It may also correspond to a macroamylase, a complex immunoglobulin amylase. We report the rare case of a patient with MM with Kappa light chains, who developed an accidental discovery hyperamylaseemia without symptoms of pancreatic or salivary disease.We report the rare case of a 61 years old patient, who developed an advanced acute kidney injury, with hypercalcemia, normochromic anemia, associated with diffuse bone pain and accidental discovery of an important hyperamylaseemia without symptoms of pancreatic or salivary disease. Electrophoresis and immunofixation of serum proteins demonstrate a Kappa light chain monoclonal peak. The sternal puncture reveals the presence of dysmorphic plasma cells estimated at 48%. Radiography of the skeleton shows skull geodes at the skull and diffuse demineralization. Abdominal CT does not show signs of pancreatic involvement. The diagnosis is a Kappa light chain MM associated with macroamylase. The patient is treated with the Cyclophosphamide-Dexamethasone-Thalidomide protocol and died of his disease after two months. The interest of this observation is to emphasize this benign biochemical anomaly in order to avoid complementary and / or therapeutic invasive investigations.

The reported incidence of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents is estimated to be between 1% and 2%. However, this incidence may be increasing because diagnostic radiological procedures are detecting incidental thyroid nodules in children and to find their correlation with histopathology. To Study the Demographic distribution of Papillary carcinoma of thyroid on USG-guided biopsy with free guided biopsy` and confirm the same with cytohistopathological diagnosis. The study was conducted in a teaching hospital for a period of 1 year. It was a prospective hospital based Study. Patients were explained about whole of the procedure & the consent for the procedure was taken in all patients. FNAC of thyroid gland was done both free guided and ultrasonic- guided and the results were correlated statistically followed by histopathological examination wherever possible. Out of 139 patients, maximum numbers of patients were in 31-40 age group i.e., 43 and minimum patients were in < 10 years and > 70 year age group. 24 patients were males and rest 115 were females. The diagnosis of thyroid lesions as per Betheseda System by USG and conventional FNAC. Cytological diagnosis of papillary carcinoma was made in 32 cases in ultrasound guided FNAC. Out of 32 patients, 30 were clinically euthyroid and 2 had clinical toxic features. Two cases was reported as unsatisfactory smears in free hand FNAC while as guided aspirates proved to be papillary carcinoma. Age ranged from 8 to 68 yrs., with mean age of 39.5 yrs. Majority were female numbering 27 and 5 were male. Comparison of neoplastic lesions results both by USG guided FNAC and Free Hand FNAC in 38 patients shows difference of 2 cases in Papillary carcinoma. Number of unsatisfactory smears were 4 and 1 in free and USG Guided FNAC respectively. The Histo-pathological results were same as that seen cytological study. Out of 30 cases of papillary carcinoma diagnosed on Free-Hand FNAC histopathology was available in only in 15 cases. The statistical significance of USG-guded FNAC as: Sensitivity 96.96%, Specificity 93.3%, Positive predictive value 96.96%,negative predictive vale 93.33%,diagnostic accuracy 95%.The statistical significance of USG-guded FNAC as: Sensitivity 90%, specificity 80%, positive predictive value 90%, negative predictive vale 80%, diagnostic accuracy 86.66%.

A new simple, rapid, reproducible and stability indicating high performance thin layer chromatographic method for the analysis of duloxetine hydrochloride in bulk drugs and from pharmaceutical formulation was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on aluminium precoated silica gel 60 GF 254 HPTLC plates with chloroform : methanol (80:20%v/v) as mobile phase gives a compact spot at Rf value of 0.42 ± 0.1 and enables excellent separation from its degradation products. Densitometric analysis of duloxetine hydrochloride was carried out in the absorbance mode at 216.0 nm. The correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.9990 ± 0.0007 with respect to peak area in the concentration range of 400-2000 ng band-1. The method was validated for accuracy, precision and recovery. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 100 and 350 ng band-1 respectively. Duloxetine hydrochloride was subjected to acid, alkali hydrolysis and oxidative degradation. The drug degradations were took under acidic, basic and oxidation conditions. Statistical analysis proves that the method is repeatable, selective and accurate for the estimation of duloxetine hydrochloride. The proposed HPTLC method can be applied for identification and estimation of duloxetine hydrochloride in bulk drug and marketed oral solid dosage form.

Contract farming which was virtually unknown in the poultry sector half a century ago, has proliferated rapidly. The growth of poultry sector in India was also marked by an increase in the size of poultry farm. Like wise, the practice of integration or contract farming caught up the imagination of the people in the rural areas also. A study was conducted to know the reasons for preference towards contract broiler farming among 200 broiler farmers in Coimbatore and Erode districts. Conventional analysis like mean and percentages were used for the study. The results showed that, except for the chick quality the respondents were contented with all the inputs supplied.

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of incorporating raw or processed Meskit pods on histopatho logy of kidney and liver of sheep. Twenty-four Omani sheep were fed one of four diets: Rhodes grass hay (RGH) plus commercial concentrate (CC); RGH plus raw Meskit pods based diet (RMP); RGH plus roasted Meskit pods based diet (ROMP); RGH plus soaked Meskit pods based diet (SMP) for 84 days. Histological and serum biochemical analyses were used to assess sheep health. Animals were slaughtered and kidney and liver tissue samples were collected. The microscopic results showed that, incorporating raw, roasted or soaked pods to level of 50% of formulated rations resulted in no histological changes in kidney and liver tissues and most serum biochemical values were similar among the treatments. In general, feeding formulated rations based on raw or processed Meskit pods did not cause histological changes in kidneys or livers of Omani sheep even at high intake.

Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent endocrine disease result in blood glucose increment, carbohydrate, lipids and protein metabolism disorders. Primary and effective cure for diabetes is insulin and hypoglycemic drugs usage, but these compositions have some undesirable side effects. Herbal medicine is the oldest kind of diseases cure has recognized. However, rational prescription of effective medicinal plants for diabetes cure requires precise information of action mechanism of these plants. In present study, diabetes induced in rats, and then hypoglycemic effect of walnut husk hydroalcoholic extract and blood lipoproteins (LDL, HDL, VLDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol changes were evaluated by enzymatic kits. The results showed significant reduction of glucose, triglyceride, VLDL and LDL levels in extract group in comparison with diabetic control(P=0.001). Glucose and LDL reduction by walnut shell are similar to glibenclamide effect. And TG, VLDL reduction by walnut are more than glibenclamide effect. Walnut also could increase HDL levels significantly in comparison with diabetic control (P=0.001) that this effect is similar to glibenclamide effect on HDL. In summary, the positive effects of walnut green husk suggest a possible role of this plant in improving glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetics.

Data on acute toxicity and safety of fenugreek still not sufficient. Hence the objective of this study is to investigate the acute toxicity of fenugreek seeds aqueous extract (FSA) in vivo. Twelve male Swiss albino mice, were randomly divided into control (C), and three treated (T1, T2, and T3) groups (n = 3 each). T1, T2, and T3 were given 3gm, 6gm, and 9gm/kg body weight FSA respectively. Intragastric divided doses of FSA were given as per OECD guidelines 425. Continuous observation of signs of acute toxicity and survival set up. Body weight was measured every 3 days, blood glucose level was measured after 6 hours, then on days 3, 7, and 14. Liver function test was measured on days 3 and 14 which is the day of sacrificing the mice. Liver was dissected and processed for histopathological examination.Administration of 9g/kg body weight of FSA showed 66.7% survival rate, while the lower FSA doses showed 100% survival. 3, 6, and 9g/kg body weight FSA failed to induce any signs of acute toxicity. Furthermore, no significant effect shown on mice body weight, blood glucose level and liver enzymes. Histologically, all FSA administered doses showed mild portal inflammation, mild mononuclear cell infiltration in hepatic parenchyma, in addition to mild bile stasis induced only in mice received 9g/kg of FSA. FSA showed minimum lethal oral dose and mild liver histopathological inflammatory changes.

Endogenous natural progestins are essential for the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy but exogenous progestins and their derivatives may induce adverse effect on different organ. The kidney beinga vital and highly active organ is affected by most of the drugs. It’s the main organ responsible for excretion of the metabolic products of hormones. Therefore the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of injectable contraceptive, Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate on the kidney of white albino rat. There was significant increase in the diameter of PCT, DCT, renal corpuscle, glomerulos, and Bowman’s space of experimental rat kidney. Hemorrhage was seen in cortical and medullary region with lymphocytic infiltration in Bowman’s space and necrosis of some renal corpuscles. The study concluded that the more the duration and dose of the DMPA severe the alternation in the histological architecture of kidney. Keywords:DMPA, PCT, DCT, Bowman’s space, hemorrhage. Introduction A contraceptive method is one which helps the women to avoid unwanted pregnancy resulting from coitus and there are many method of contraception but the ideal is one, which is safe effective, acceptable, reliable, and requires less medical supervision.1Several characteristics of injectable contraceptives have led to their widespread use as they provide a highly effective contraception that last for more than 2 month after a single dose of injection and they do not contain estrogen so, they are free from adverse effect of estrogen.2The only injectable contraceptive drugs currently available are Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone enantate.3 Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is an aqueous suspension of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a synthetic analog of 17?-hydroxyprogesterone and variant of the human hormone progesterone.4This is also classified as sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG).5Depo -Provera, a microcrystalline suspension of medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), is a long-acting, highly effective injectable contraceptive and one of the major means of family planning.6 The primary mechanism of action is the inhibition of gonadotropins hormone (FSH and LH) thus inhibition of ovulation.7 It alsoincreases the viscosity of cervical mucus, making the mucus less easily penetrable to sperm.8 The contraceptive mode is a depot injection containing 150 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate which is administered by intramuscular route at a plasma concentration of about 1ng/ml) given in the gluteal or deltoid muscle within first 5th day of menstruation.9 DMPA has been favored because it creates amenorrhea and reduces cycling in many patients while simultaneously serving as highly effective contraception which protects against the development of uterine fibroids.10 It has been used as a contraceptive agent by more than 68 million women in more than 114 countries worldwide.11 Unlike oral contraceptives, DMPA have been proven to be relatively safe and is free from the adverse effect of estrogen and furthermore, progestogens, unlike estrogens, do not suppress lactation, which is an important consideration for postpartum contraception where infant health is dependent upon breast-feeding.12 Evidence suggests that progestogen-only injectables are more cost-effective than the combined oral contraceptive (COC) pill even after 1 year of use.13 Endogenous natural progestins are essential for the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy but exogenous progestins

Gluteric aciduria type 1 , a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder which is caused by deficiency of Glutaryl CoA dehydrogenaseleads to progressive neurological damage. 75% of the cases of gluteric acidemia type 1 present with macrocephaly and is the earliest and most consistent sign of the disease (1). Here we report a case of gluteric aciduria type 1 in a one year old male child without macrocephaly but typical clinical spectrum of the disease.

The study was conducted to assess dairy production and marketing system of Horro district of Horro Guduru Wollega zone. A structured questionnaire was used and the study area was stratified into highland and Mid-highland agro-ecology. The means and standard deviations of livestock holding was found 12.17±8.69, 13.54±13.98, 3.22±5.25, 2.79±2.84 and 0.96±1.34 for cattle, sheep, goats, horse and donkey, respectively. Cattle herd structure is governed by the overall function of the animal in agricultural production system; however, this study revealed that the proportion of male to female cattle was in-balance (49.5:50.5%) in the total herd studied. The overall means and SDs of milking cow holding was 2.14 ± 1.57 where it was higher for the highland than mid-highland smallholders agro-ecology. Cows’ average lactation length was 8.16 months and estimated total lactation milk yield within this lactation period was not more than 360 liters/cow. The major livestock input supply and service delivery expenditure was mainly for veterinary services where animal feed purchase, labour employment and renting grazing land during summer seasons were also another challenges which farmers in the study area were encountering. Udder washing before and after milking was rarely practiced where about 74.23 percent producers do not wash udder before milking and only 25.27 respondents wash udder before milking. However, ‘Lantana trifolia, Sida cuneifolia and Cucumis prophetarum’ were the most commonly used plant/herbs for cleaning and washing milking and milk storing equipments in the study area. The means and SD of shelf life of butter in days was studied and butter can be kept un-perished for up to 159.45(84.915) and 68.44(42.416) at highland and Mid-altitude. The difference in butter shelf life was highly significant at (P>0.001) among the highland and mid-highland. The difference in shelf life of yogurt was also significantly (P>0.001) higher for mid-highland than highland.