Psychology

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of different teaching pedagogies used by teachers in context of higher education as effective teaching is reflected by effective learning among students. A total of 100 students (20 students in each group, thereby making five groups) in the age range of (18-20 years) studying Humanities stream from colleges of Chandigarh were chosen as sample for the present study. Students were taught the same topic but with different teaching pedagogies. Their opinion and reasoning regarding teaching methods, its effectiveness and understanding were noted down and teacher’s evaluation in terms of achievement test from five groups of students was prepared. Keeping in mind, both important parameters i.e. student’s perception regarding the most effective teaching method and correspondingly an evaluation from the teacher was taken into consideration.The results revealed multimedia method as the most effective where as case study as the least effective method of teaching.

This study attempted to bring Critical Language Testing principles into practice by means of distributing the power, traditionally hold by teachers as the only source of knowledge, in a more unprejudiced way. The study took advantages of three features of fifteen CLT principles proposed by Shohamy (2001).Based on the first feature, which is encouraging an active, critical response from test-takers; learners could develop an assessment scale including five components which was used in the subsequent steps in their peer assessment. In line with the second principle, which is admitting to the limited knowledge of any tester and the need for multiple sources of knowledge, learners moved toward the leading edge taking the control of assessment process to some extent. Peer assessment as one criterion of democratic assessment was applied. The third principle exploited in the study was considering ‘interpretive’ approaches to assessment that allow for different meanings and interpretations rather than a single absolute truth. Students’ scores were reported by both quantitative and interpretive modes with some suggestive sentences. In this way learners’ voices are validated. After that and in line with “consequential validity” as one component of alternative assessment, it went through completing the process by bringing testees’ problematic areas into the teaching syllabus in a systematic way. With a qualitative study learners’ (the most critical figures of all assessment procedures) attitudes toward rejecting or retaining CLT principles were inquired. They, offering one caveat, which was the significance of teacher assessment to them, pronounced the method as a striking system.

Earthquake is one of the frequent non-human natural disasters that would expose an individuals to the risk of potentially traumatic events. Traumatic events like earthquake leads the survivors to different resilent responses, short-term and long-term clinical and sub-clinical symptoms or consequences that fall outside of diagnostic criteria. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) represents one of the most frequently occuirng psychiatric sequelae to earthquake exposure. Research evidences suggest variation in the prevalence and factors effecting PTSD including age, sex, exposure to other traumatic situations and so on. The present study aims at exploring the prevalence of PTSD and its influencing factors. 169 school teachers of 19 different government schools of Kavre district who experienced the earthquake of April 25th 2015 (Richter Magnitude 7.8) were assessed by using The PTSD checklist (PCL: weathers, litz, Huska & Keane, 1994). The result showed significantly higher rates of PTSD among the school teachers effecting femles more than males. There was statistically significant association between sex and PTSD. Besides sex, other factors influencing PTSD included their situation after earthquake, beliefs about the huge aftershock and life after earthquake. There was strong association between their belief about the huge aftershock, life and status after earthquake and PTSD where as the situation of the subjects during earthquake had marginal association with the PTSD.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of developing Questionnaires of Deviant Sexual Behavior and Awareness on Sexual Deviation Behavior Based on Islam. Some criteria’s has been identified to develop these questionnaires in the aspect of psychology, counseling and Islamic education. The benefit is to produce an applicable instrument to the Islamic context. These questionnaires were developed through integrated discipline of psychology, counseling and Islam and the aim is for enable to measure sexual deviant behavior from the Islamic perspective. The main sources of these references were based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision (2000), Checklist Sexual Behavior Inventory (Friedrich, 1997), Al Ghazali Model (Yatimah and Mohd Tajudin, 2008) and the tendency of immoral behavior based on human sense according to Islam (Amir Hassan, 2007). DSM-IV-TR (2000) which involved some clinical items such as exhibitionism, frotteurism and voyeurism. Meanwhile Checklist Sexual Behaviour Inventory (Friedrich, 1997) were refers to personal boundaries, exhibitionism, self-stimulation, sexual interest, sexual knowledge and voyeuristic behavior. Counseling Model Based On Human Traits Al Ghazali (Yatimah and Mohd Tajudin, 2008) involved some items such as limitation in intermingle, aurat limitation, sense limitation, and the tendency of immoral behaviour based on human sense according to Islam (Amir Hassan, 2007) such as part of body, hands, mouth, ear and eye. These questionnaires has been evaluated for the content validity and expert validity from the internal expert and external expert. The result of these questionnaires showed a commonly acceptable for the Cronbach alpha value more than 0.6 (Kerlinger, 1979). The Questionaires of Deviant Sexual Behaviour Based on Islam for the value of Cronbach Alpha was 0.7038 and Awareness on Sexual Deviation Behaviour Based on Islam for the Cronbach Alpha was 0.7183.

The aim of this study was to examine factor structure and explore the psychometric properties for Urdu version of Test Anxiety Inventory. 2,145 secondary and higher secondary science students were selected as sample from the Punjab province in Pakistan appearing in 10th grade Board examinations. The value of alpha reliability for TAI was .893 in the pilot study. But in the final study, alpha reliability values for different scales of TAI (TAI-Total, TAI-Worry, and TAI-Emotionality) ranged from 0.66 to 0.81 with the individual student as the unit of analysis and from 0.71 to 0.88 with the class as the unit of analysis. Similarly, The discriminant validity of an individual student as unit of analysis ranged from 0.19 to 0.32 for three scales of TAI, while the discriminant validity for class as unit of analysis ranged from 0.27 to 0.40 for these scales of TAI. A three-factor structure consisting of TAI-Total, TAI-worry and TAI-Emotionality components showed acceptable discriminant validity and internal reliability.

Cognition is the mental processing that includes the attention of working memory, language comprehension, reasoning, etc. Reading is a basic and essential skill and has its own set of cognitive advantages which includes; the ability to empathize, reduction in stress levels, better analytical skills, etc. In the novel To Kill a Mocking Bird, Atticus Finch is a character who indulges in the seraphic pleasure of reading. The paper aims at bringing out how reading visibly impacts his character, as he stands juxtaposed in myriads of arenas, to the people of his race. Scientists have conducted a detailed research and have declared that reading has the following advantages.

The study is to explain the role of education on social development and progress, individual development and progress and to explain the dynamic relationship among the concepts. Education is not only an instruction but also a procedure to be taken place in society. To inculcate the value system in their confused minds and make them value-oriented powerful leaders, educational institution should take the initiative to impact value based spiritual knowledge to this new generation. Education as an essential activity in the development of society has seen major transformation, from which the new methods and models of the modern educational system have resulted. Education represents the basis of a society oriented towards the future knowledge becomes the main component of the economic and social growth and the economic crisis becomes an impediment in the development of the knowledge based-society. The present research paper clarifies the comparative importance of education with a holistic approach for the human civilization so far as travelled a long way with so many success stories of development in its hand. Education is of course, a boon for the human life. But it is equally true that the education should not only be learning concept. Value based education plays a pivotal role in the holistic development of student as the results of several search experiments have shown. Education plays a vital role to a productive, good live. It improves the value and excellence of one’s life as well. Education motivates self-assurance and provides us with the things we need to partake in today’s world to make us more independent and aware of what is going on in the world today, along with the awareness of opportunities and rights. People crave for money, power and pelf. They are ready to jeopardize the interest of other people in pursuit of their selfish gains. This is the present scenario which needs to undergo change in order to have peaceful society. The present paper is an attempt to state the comparation of value education in the present education system so that the future generation with nourish high ideals and values to contribute in the development of the society.

The research on Study Habits and Students Academic Performance in English Language among Public Secondary Schools in Oron Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State was conducted in order to seek solution to the increasing nature of poor academic performance of students in English Language among Public Secondary Schools in Oron Local Government Area. Four variables were adopted to include participation in tutorial classes, attendance to classes, use of library and personal time table, which aimed at finding the relationship between each of those variables with academic performance of students. Four research questions and four research hypotheses were set. The related theories of learning used are connectionism, cognitive and psychological theories of learning. The population of study comprises all the 3 Public Secondary Schools in Oron Local Government Area. The instrument used for the study was Study Habit and Academic Performance Questionnaire (SHAPQ) which has a reliability coefficient of 0.99 using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at P<.05 level of significance. The sample size was 200 students and data collected from the respondents were analyzed using PPMC with the degree of freedom of 198 at 0.05 level of significance. The result of data collections were drawn that: students should participate in tutorial classes, attend classes, use the library and should have a personal time table to improve academically. In conclusion, students should develop good study habits to achieve better academically and otherwise.

Extracurricular activity is a complementary of the requirement and interest in the student academic development. Extracurricular learning styles can be implemented in the form of informal where it can provide effective learning experiences to the students. In extracurricular development, every activity has its own goals and interests that can influence the students to participate in the particular activities. Nowadays, students are more likely to engage or spending their time with unbeneficial activities or isolate themselves in the virtual world. Several studies have been conducted and found that there are factors influence or prevent the students from participating in the extracurricular activities they intended to. These factors have been categorical into three main constraints; structural constraints, intrapersonal constraints, and interpersonal constraints. These main constraints referred to many factors that can influence student participation in extracurricular activities.

Purpose: the purpose of this study was Study of effectiveness social skills training on addiction potential reduction in boy’s student of Ahvaz high school. Method: The sample consists of All high school boy’s students in Ahvaz who had scored one standard deviation above the mean in the zargari addiction potential questionnaire and among them 40 students were selected randomly then assigned to two groups randomly (Experimental group and Control group). 8 sessions therapy were implemented for experimental group. In these sessions, social skills, such as assertiveness skills, anger control, and how to communicate with others in the experimental group were instructed but the control group received no intervention. Evaluation device was zargari addiction potential questionnaire.