Social Sciences

Creativity plays an important role in learning and life for undergraduates who major in physics. There are many factors in physics help teachers to train students’ creativity. Teachers should have advanced education ideas about physics creativity education. There are several methods to foster students' creativity in physics instruction, such as strengthen the training of creative thinking, implement experiments and scientific practices, and grasp the principles of creativity.

The purpose of the study was to investigate teachers’ readiness on the implementation of the competency-based curriculum in private pre-schools in Keiyo North Sub-County, Nairobi City County. The study objective was to establish teachers’ readiness on the implementation of the competence-based curriculum in public pre-schools. The study adopted curriculum implementation theory and descriptive survey design. The target population was 38 public pre-schools, 38 head teachers and 320 pre-school teachers. Simple random sampling was used to select the sample which comprised 108 respondents, 96 pre-school teachers and 12 head teachers. Data was collected using questionnaires. The quantitative data was processed and analysed with the help of the SPSS software programme using Pearson product moment correlation. There was a positive influence of teacher readiness (r = .431) on implementation of competency-based curriculum. This implies that as the teacher readiness improved the on implementation of competency-based curriculum increased. Teachers’ should be adequately prepared in readiness for implementation of a new curriculum through in-service training, seminars and workshops for effective implementation of the curriculum.

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the extent to which job satisfaction correlate with organizational commitment focusing on bank employees specifically and private sector generally. The study also tries to identify the strongest variables of job satisfaction that contribute towards organization commitment. A sample of 200 respondents was randomly chosen in this survey which 150 respondents gave the feedback. Correlation and regression analysis are being used to determine the relationship between job satisfaction variables (company policy, salary, working condition, interpersonal relation and advancement) and organizational commitment. The result from hypotheses testing has shown that all independent variables have positive relationship with organizational commitment. Furthermore, the result on regression also shows that advancement has the strongest relationship with organizational commitment compare to other variables. As a conclusion, we do believe that the results could be used by organizations to increase their employees’ commitment and lead to further research in the future.

The relationship between the girl’s education and economic development has received a worldwide attention for quite sometimes. A number of global organization have been formed to address the issue of girl’s education. However, the issue of teenage mothers remains a thorny issue in most developing countries. This category of learners undergo a number of challenges to access and continue with education. Reentry policy of teenage mothers to school mooted in Beijing conference of 1995 is one intervening policy to help address the needs for the teenage mothers. The Kenyan government adopted the policy in 2001. Despite the policy being in place, very few teenage mothers have been returning to school. The objectives of this study to determine the perception of various stakeholders on the re-entry policy of teenage mothers to school in Bungoma County. The critical theory as modified by Habernes was used as the theoretical framework. The convergent parallel mixed method research design was used. The research population comprised of teenage mothers, student girls, head teachers, principals, Guiding and Counselling teachers, Sub County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers. The data collection instruments were Questionnaires and Interview schedules. Questionnaires were administered to the Teenage mothers, school girls, Guidance and counselling teachers, while the interview schedule was administered to Sub County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers and head teachers. Pilot study was carried out in Trans Nzoia County. Reliability of the research instruments was tested using Spearman Rank Order correlation coefficient. A value of 0.79 was obtained and was considered high enough for the instruments to be judged to be reliable. Validity was determined by expert judgment in the School of Education in the University of Eldoret. Quantitative data were coded and presented using tables and analyzed through frequency distribution and percentages. Qualitative data were organized and broken into themes synthesized to search for patterns and meaning. This study was significant for it shed light on the level of awareness among various stakeholders of the re-entry policy of teenage mothers to school, the perception of the various stakeholders on the re-entry policy, identified aspects of culture that affected the implementation of the re-entry policy and the implementation strategies that are in place to implement the policy. The various stakeholders have a negative perception and attitude towards the teenage mother. Its recommended that there should be a national debate on teenage motherhood to increase awareness of the policy and address the issue of perception and the change in attitude towards the teenage mothers.

The implementation of free education in Democratic Republic of Congo is accompanied by an increase in the number of pupils in the classrooms, but a large number of teachers who are not mechanized or even not paid by the public authorities. This article deals with Internal Efficiency of Primary Schools in Kasuku Commune before and during free Basic education from 2018 to 2020.

In Kenya, the government’s priority in education is in ensuring that quality is maintained at the Directorate of Quality Assurance and Standards (DQAS) which is mandated to coordinate, follow up, and advise on curriculum delivery at school level. The Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (QASO’s) are members of that Directorate and are expected to uphold quality. The study investigated on the influence of QASO’s’ instructional supervisory practices on curriculum implementation in public primary schools in Uasin Gishu County in Kenya. The research study adopted a descriptive survey design. Simple random sampling was used to select 10% of the128 public schools in the County. The study sample was composed of 1 Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officer and 6 zonal QASO’s who were purposively selected from each zone in the Sub-County. From the sampled 56 schools, the 56 head teachers were automatically selected and 168 teachers were randomly selected from those schools. Questionnaires were used to gather data from teachers and head teachers. Data was analyzed using SPSS and findings were presented in frequency tables. The study findings established that QASO’s visited other schools once per year but they carried out their assessments in most of the schools once a term. On coordination of cocurricular activities, QASO’s rarely organized or coordinated co-curricular activities. During assessments, QASO’s advised teachers and head teachers on co-curricular activities. The study recommended that QASO’s supervisory visits should be done twice in a term. QASO’s should accord co-curricular activities equal measure of attention during assessment for promotion of all goals of education and development of an all-round individual in the learner.

This study will reveal whether the mathematics teachers are aware of the reason why the concerned students have difficulty in learning mathematics and what measures they take if they are aware. In this context, the response to intervention (RTI) model, which is assumed to be effective for the students who need special education to gain and develop basic mathematical thinking skills, was applied and the views of the mathematics teachers on the extent of effect of this model. Student monitoring and structured interview forms constitute the data collection tools of the study. Findings show that the teachers are not aware of the reason why students who need special education have difficulty in learning mathematics. Teachers stated that the interventions under RTI increased the mathematics performances of students and that RTI offered new opportunities to students and was effective in increasing their academic achievement as they cannot show adequate attention to them in crowded classes. A RTI model approach is recommended to mathematics teachers for the students who need special education.

Children and youth today seem to have more stressor and difficulties in their everyday life especially when a parent goes to prison. Children with incarceration issues receive little attention, but the issue so widespread; concern for the well-being of the effected children has been raised. Incarceration brings long term effects to family members by increasing violence among children; impeding children to have a better picture of their life which directly and indirectly affects children’s well-being. Growing up with violence issues surrounding them is a crucial and devastating experience for the children. Using six selected domains based on the suggestion from Land and colleagues (2001), we assessed the effects of violence issues on children’s well-being with incarceration issues in Kelantan. There are four items of violence being correlate with child well-being score; bullying, disturbance, stigmatization and isolation. These were selected based on the current literature related to children violence. The relationship between children’s well-being score and violence affects were examined in 75 children aged 8 to 17 years with family incarceration issues in Kelantan. Through the findings indicated that children with a higher level of isolation, stigmatization, bullying and disturbance tend to have a low score of the child’s well-being. Children simultaneously indicated that isolation, stigmatization, bullying and disturbance always occurred and was related to their parent’s incarceration status. The negative perception they received also made the children a victim of bullying and thus more isolated.

This paper analysed the issues of market access, trade agreements of trade and environment on sustainable forest management towards sustainable development. Sustainable forest management is a part of sustainable development. It is a controlling system that participates and stabilities societal, monetary, environmental, racial and mystical requirements to current and forthcoming peers. Firstly, we discussed the market access and trade agreements of trade and environment on sustainable development. Secondly, we analysed the criteria & indicators for sustainable forest management in Malaysia. Finally, we related the sustainable forest management through sustainable development of trade and environment. The purposes of this learning were to high light and simplify the analysing of trade and environment on sustainable development. This study found the potential impacts of the development of market access, trade agreements, criteria & indicators for sustainable forest management and sustainable development in Malaysia.

Since independence, the governance of development in Kenya has for the most part been centralised under the armpit of government officials. As such devolution is vaguely understood especially by grassroots leaders and communities. Consequently, central government officials have continued to determine the path of development at the grassroots especially so since they also control financial resources through the district treasury. However, the government has recognised this top-down development archetype as a major bottleneck to welfare and has been implementing policies to bring on board the beneficiaries. One major attempt was the District Focus for Rural Development Strategy of the early 1980s, which made the district the local level planning and development coordination and implementation unit. This policy faced several challenges which necessitated more focussed strategies to move decision-making powers from the centre to margin. The early years of the 21st century marked increased resource devolution and decentralized decision-making to the grassroots including Constituencies Development Fund, recruitment of some cadre of staff, management of health facilities and water resources among others. The Constitution of Kenya endorsed by about 70% of votes cast during the August 4th 2010 Referendum and subsequently promulgated by the president on August 27th 2010 is yet another devolution stab to enhance development and governance at the grassroots. This paper highlights the devolution proposals and the envisaged benefits to grassroots communities in Chapter Eleven of the Constitution of Kenya.