Applied Chemistry

A Lamotrigine (LMG) reagent, 6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1, 2,4-triazine-3,5-diamine. Its molecular formula and molecular weight are C9H7N5Cl2 and 256.09 respectively, was employed for the sensitive spectrophotometric determination of gold(III). The gold(III) ion forms a yellow-coloured complex with LMG in an aqueous solution at pH 3.0. The gold complex shows the absorption maximum at 400 nm, and Beer, s law obeyed in the range of 10-160 µg/ml. The molar absorptivity and sandell, s sensitivity were found to be 1.38 X 103 mol -1 cm-1 and 0.0184 µg cm-2 respectively. The complex shows 1:1 [Au(III) : LMG] stochiometry with a stability constant of 4.77X104. The interference effect of various diverse ions has been studied. In addition to zero- order, first derivative spectrophotometric methods was also developed for the determination of gold(III) in trace amount which was more sensitive than the zero-order method. The developed method has been used for the determination of gold(III) in various kinds of alloys. The results was in excellent agreement with certified values.

Study the tensile strength and hardness of poly vinyl chloride as a matrix and subsidized fiber (short fiber glass - glass fibers are woven mat - fibers, nylon-6) and attended samples fractures different size. (21% - 23% - 25% - 27% - 29% ).A comparison was made of the results of the tensile tests and hardness of materials composite as tests were conducted at room temperature . ( 23+2 c).Results from the volumetric fraction lead to increased resistance to tensile and hardness values. Results of the materials [pvc + f (w .r+N-6)] had its highest value of the tensile strength and material [pvc+ fg(w.r)], had its highest value of hardness.

[Ni(L4)2Cl2], were prepared by reacting 2,3,4-trimethoxy benzaldehyde semicarbazone ligands with NiCl2.6H2O. The IR,UV, Mass and 1H NMR spectra of the complexes have been assigned. Thermo gravimetric analysis were also carried out. The data agree quite well with the proposed structures and show that the complexes were finally decomposed to the corresponding ligands. Complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities by the disc diffusion technique using DMSO as solvent. The activity data show that the semicarbazone metal complexes are more potent antimicrobials metal complexes.

A high molecular weight linear unbranched polymers free of macrocycles has been synthesized by long polycondensation time under high-intensity mixing conditions at about 80°C between cheaper chloro-monomers (instead of fluorinated monomers)1 and 5,5’,6,6’-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylspirobisindane (TTSBI). From the porosity analysis, it is clear that the prepared polymers are analogous to polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) with high surface area (500-700 m2/g). The hydrogen storage capacity of the prepared PIM-Cl(1-7) and were promising (up to 1.19 wt%, 77 K, at 1.13 bar). The results of this study demonstrate that controlling polymerization condition can provide a uniform microporous morphology in the target polymers.

The novel ligand, 2-(6-(2-hydroxy phenyl)-[1,2,4] triazolo [3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazol-3-yl)-N-phenyl benzamide (TTS) (2) was prepared from 2-(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-N-phenylbenzamide (1) with salicyldehyde. The transition metal ions were used to synthesize various metal chelates of ligand (2).The synthesized ligand and its metal chelates were analyzed by elemental analysis, spectral study, ratio of M:L and magnetic characterization. Antifungal activities of the entire novel synthesized ligand and its metal chelates were screened.

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is known to be one of the oldest cultivated trees in the world, claimed to have anti-diarrhoea activity traditionally. Phytochemical components of the plant material are dependable sources for the treatment of health problems. Extract from fruit were screened for bioactivity against Salmonella spp and Shigella spp. The results significantly show activity at various concentrations for the distilled water, methanol and petroleum ether extracts. The crude and chloroform extracts revealed insignificant activities. Phytochemical analysis on the plant extracts reveals the presence of tannins, steroids, flavonoids and alkaloids. However, physiochemical analysis was also carried for the various solvent extract.

 The proximate, mineral and antimicrobial activity pawpaw (Carica papaya) was carried out; this sample seed was obtained from discardsof plants and prepared for use by decocting, sun drying and grinding into powder.Using petroleum ether; of boiling range 40-60oC, their fats were extracted, theprotein content, ash content, crude fibre, moisture, carbohydrate as well as themineral contents were determined using standard methods. The fats yield of 26.01±0.00%, crude protein 8.75±0.01%, crude fibre 14.01±020%, carbohydrate content 36.25±0.01% and calories 414.09±0.02kcal/100gwas obtained for the sample.The mineral compositions determination of the sample showed that 13.70±0.12, 5.46±0.003, 26.58±0.02 and9.06±0.30 mg/100g for potassium, calcium, iron and copper respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of C. papaya seed was determined. The MIC value for the methanol extract was between 0.875 and 1.75 mg/ml, while that of MBC was between 1.75 and 2.5 mg/ml.

The effect of grinding MgTiO3 on the particle size and electrical properties was studied. Initially, good dispersion conditions were optimized via rheological characterizations of the aqueous slurry in variant dispersant amounts. Then, 50% MgTiO3 slurry was grinded using balls of different diameter sizes (0.8 and 0.4 mm) for two consecutive cycles. The milled powder was characterized using laser granulometry, BET method, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The crystallite size was calculated using Halder-Wagner methods. The electrical and dielectrical properties were also monitored for different particle size. These results revealed impurities from the zirconium balls, however, without affecting the particle size even if prepared with different grinding operations.

Cobalt(II) complexes with 2,4-pentanedione, salicylaldehyde and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-Naphthyl)-1,3-butanedione(tfnb) as primary ligand, ethylenediamine, 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline as secondary ligand have been synthesized and characterized by metal analysis, infrared, electronic spectral studies, conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements and antimicrobial studies. The conductivity measurement in nitromethane indicates that the complexes and adducts are non-electrolytes while the different shifts of the carbonyl frequencies were revealed by the infrared spectral measurements. The electronic measurements are indicative of a probable six-coordinate octahedral geometry for all the cobalt(II) compounds except [Co(tfnb)2] with a probable four-coordinate square planar geometry. The ligands and the cobalt(II) compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against ten microorganisms. [Co(tfnb)2Bipy] and [Co(tfnb)2en] showed more promising antimicrobial than antifungal activity.

Azanza garckeana is a wild edible indigenous fruit tree species in western Sudan locally named (Jakhjakh). The physiochemical and analytical study of Azanza garckeana fruit, physical parameters of fruits determined length ranges 2.52 – 3.52 cm, Width 2.07 – 2.68 cm, Thickness 2.00 – 2.72 cm, Weight 4.05 – 7.98 g, Edible part + peels 2.89 – 5.92 g, Seeds 1.15 – 2.06 g. The chemical contents Crude Protein 9.21%, Moisture 3.82%, Fat 1.19%, Crude Fiber 45.23%, Ash 22.2%, Carbohydrates 42.17%, Energy Value 219.28%, Total Sugar 31.36%, Reducing Sugars 17.72%, Total treatable acidity 0.13%, Vitamin C 41.92%, B-carotene(IU/100g) Vitamin A 18.50% and Pectin 0.26%. The elements determined using ICP-OES the metal levels are decreasing in order Sr > Mn > Ti > Ba > As > Zn > Cu > Cr > V > Co. And essential elements found in higher level order degrease as Ca > K > Mg > P > Na > Si > Fe > Al > Li = Be.