Applied Chemistry

In the article presents the results of a study of kinetic regularities stimulated by microwave electromagnetic radiation acylation of diethylamine m-toluic acid in the presence of intense microwave absorbing Zn-B-P/Al2O3/?1- catalyst. Mounted parallel series circuit of the target formation (N, N-diethyl-m-toluic acid) and the reaction byproducts and the observed kinetic model proposed transformations. With the use of optimization software for chemical engineering processes calculated the kinetic parameters of total and partial transformations of m-toluic acid and diethylamine.

Ionically conducting polymer electrolytes are important materials for practical applications in solar cells, high energy density solid-state batteries, super capacitors, fuel cells, sensors and electrochemical devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been attracting intensive interest for scientific research and industrial applications owing to their low fabrication cost, environmentally friendly operation and relatively high efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of DSSCs, many efforts on modification of polymer gel electrolyte have been made through synthesizing new polymers or adding inorganic nanofillers. Hence, we report on the synthesis of polymer nanocomposite electrolyte consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone-polyethylene glycol (PVP-PEG)/nano ZnO/KI/I2. Zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesized by sol-gel method is used as inorganic nanofiller. Polymeric nanocomposite electrolyte was prepared by blending polymer with ZnO nanoparticle using solution-casting technique. The property of nanocomposites depends mainly on the chemistry of polymer matrices. The dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrices is a general prerequisite for achieving desired mechanical and physical properties. ZnO nanoparticles and polymer nanocomposite were characterised by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The effect of structural modification of material on conductivity of polymer and its composite was evaluated and compared by SEM and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The polymer nanocomposite electrolyte synthesised have its practical application in the fabrication of DSSC.

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of Belinostat in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was affected on a Altima ODS C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm,5µ) using a mobile phase mixture of buffer and acetonitrile in a ratio of 40:60 v/v at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. The detection was made at wave length of 210 nm. Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 25 – 150 µg/mL of Belinostat. The proposed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method was accurate, precise, specific , rapid and found to be suitable for the quantitative analysis of the drug and dosage forms. Forced degradation studies have been carried out under different conditions.

The most important aspect of organic chemical reactivity is the chemistry of carbonyl group (>C=O) .It directly undergoes nucleophilic attack by different substrates and yields a series of compounds.The prostereogenic carbon gets converted to stereogenic carbon by a nucleophilic attack on either side of the plane of carbonyl group. Different organic compounds containing >C=O group undergo photocyclisation or photoreduction reactions and result a variety of compounds of both chemical and mechanistic interest. ?-diketones an important class of carbonyl compounds afford stable ylides and Aldol adducts when interacted with different reagents under varying conditions.

Treatment and disposal of oily wastewater, presently is one of the serious environmental problems contributors. Numerous methods have been used to remove residual oil from wastewater, such as adsorption, flocculation, electrocoagulation and flotation. The focus of this research was to prepare and investigate the using of chitosan as an oil adsorbent and coagulant of the excessive residue oil droplets from an oily wastewater. In this respect, shrimp waste (shell) was treated with 9% (w/w) NaOH at 65oC for 90 min to obtain a purified crab chitin, and then 1g of purified crab chitin was treated with (w/w) 50% sodium hydroxide solution at 136oC for 1h to obtain pure chitosan. The prepared chitin and chitosan were characterized by the FT-IR spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FT-IR spectrum shows three characteristic absorption bands of chitosan one of them was very strong and appeared at about 3306 cm-1 this for stretching vibration bands of (N-H and O-H), the second strong one appeared at about 1593.54 cm-1 that assigned for (-CONH-) and the third band at 1054.90 cm-1 for (C-O-C). The XRD patterns of chitosan show two characteristics crystalline peaks at 2? of 9.24° and 19.2° indicates the formation of chitosan from chitin. The surface morphology of chitosan before and after oil adsorption was examined using SEM. Then, the percentage of oil droplets removal was evaluated by HPLC.

The aqueous extract of Pomegranate Peel and Roselle (AE Pom P and Ros) has been studied as a possible source of green inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl at temperature range 25-55o C utilizing the conventional weight loss, open circuit potential (OCP) , linear and Tafel polarization techniques. The assessment of (AE Pom P and Ros) against different microorganisms has additionally been providing by using selected biocide. Moreover the structure of (AE Pom P and Ros) is analyzed by GC-MS spectra.The optimum dose of biocide which showed good stability for the corrosion inhibitor for more than one year , diminishes the inhibition efficiency for about 20% due to its slightly acidic in nature (pH=4).The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing concentration of the inhibitor and with decreasing temperature. The adsorption of (AE Pom P and Ros) on the mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarization studies indicate that the (AE Pom P and Ros) is mixed type inhibitor. The thermodynamic functions of adsorption processes were calculated from weight loss at different temperatures data and were used to analyses the inhibitor mechanism. The surface morphology of the mild steel specimens was evaluated using SEM and EDAX analysis.

The valorization of minerals requires physicochemical and thermal treatments, using various materials such as crucibles. They are refractory ceramics mainly based on clays. Crucibles must be resistant to chemical aggression by molten slag and metals at high temperature during repeated thermal cycles, to ensure the durability in use. Fire-assaying is extensively used in gold mining in Burkina Faso, needing a huge quantity of ceramic crucibles imported per year. In this study, we have characterized different clays to manufacture refractory ceramics for crucibles. Physical characteristics of laboratory made crucibles were compared to that of industrial crucibles. The behavior of an optimized composition with 25wt% of clay and 75wt% of chamotte (fired clay) was experimented to optimize the properties in use. Particularly, the adequate adjustment of all process parameters, as the paste plasticity, leads the control of the density and porosity of the fired ceramic. Fusion tests with copper and aluminum at temperature between 600°C and 1100°C proved the small penetration depth of the molten metal into the ceramic that reduce the corrosion phenomenon. Our work evidences the existence of both a scientific and a technological knowledge in the use of silico-aluminate mineral resources from Burkina Faso, for manufacturing refractory crucibles for the melting of both slag and precious metals.

Deinking is an important step in recycling of waste paper and flotation is commonly used in this process. Conventional laboratory-scale flotation cell was used to study ink removal from waste printed papers. Different type of surfactants such as, cationic, anionic or non-ionic, were employed in pulping and flotation processes. Two surfactants of each type were used in this comparative study. The effect of concentration and type of surfactant, consistency, pH and temperature on the deinking was investigated. The efficiency of deinking process was determined by measuring of the brightness of hand sheets formed of deinked fibers. The highest brightness was achieved by using 2-octanol alcohol (as a non-ionic surfactant) in pulping and flotation stages. Under optimum conditions for this surfactant, a brightness of 86% is obtained from a feed of 44%.

The present work is an attempt to identify key structural features that govern the anti-malarial activity of Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles using pharmacophoric analysis. The work is based on a dataset of fifty-six molecules comprising diverse derivatives of Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole. The structures were drawn, optimized and aligned using standard protocol. The final model was developed using aligned molecules. The analysis reveals that the anti-malarial activity of Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles is related with features. The analysis points out that in future modifications these features should be retained.

A simple, highly sensitive, accurate and selective method for determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) in water samples is presented. a novel ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(E-MWCNTs) solid-phase extraction adsorbent was synthesized by covalently O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N´,N´-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate onto the surfaces of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The stability of a chemically ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(E-MWCNTs) especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid was studied which used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent for further uses of (E-MWCNTs). The method is based on (E-MWCNTs) of Pb(II) on surfactant coated C18, modified with a ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(E- MWCNTs). The retained ions were then eluted with 4 ml of 4 M nitric acid and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) at 283.3 nm for Pb. The influence of flow rates of sample and eluent solutions, pH, breakthrough volume, effect of foreign ions on chelation and recovery were investigated. 1.5 g of surfactant coated C18 adsorbs 40 mg of the Schiff’s base which in turn can retain 15.2±0.8mg of each of the two ions. The limit of detection(3?) for Pb(II) was found to be 3.20 ng l -1. The enrichment factor for both ions is 100. The mentioned method was successfully applied on determination of lead in different water samples. The ions were also speciated by means of three columns system.