Production

Stereolithography is one of the Rapid Prototyping technologies, useful for time-compression of the product development cycle. The part characteristics of SL product are essential for the intended functional applications. The parameters are layer thickness, orientation, Post curing, hatch spacing and over cure. The study is conducted on test samples of SL5530 which were built on SLA 5000 machines and tested under ASTM specified test conditions. This study is to investigate the influence of layer thickness on part quality by using the TOPSIS method. The results show that the optimal layer thickness which influences the part quality is 50 microns.

This research was carried out in Keta Municipality of Volta Region of Ghana to investigate how resources are used in the production of chili pepper. A simple random technique was used to select 100 chili pepper farmers from three communities in Woe, Keta Municipality. The data was collected from December 2010 to January 2011. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the resource use efficiency of inputs used by the farmers. The findings of the study showed that the farmers were operating in stage two of the production frontier. This was shown from the elasticities of the various inputs, showing diminishing return which is a characteristic of the stage two of the production function. However, the farmers were found not to be efficient in allocating the resources for production in the study area. The ratio of the marginal value product (MVP) and the marginal factor cost (MFC) was found to be less than unity for all the inputs except labour and organic manure. The study recommends that the farmers should reduce the level of those inputs that are being over used. They should rather increase the use of organic manure and maintain the quantity of labour use.

In this article, the main aim is determination the optimum amounts of major supply indexes of producers to the optimum supply of their consumption raw materials in supply chain management. The considered indexes in this article are: supply cost, supply time and supply quality status. In this article tried that with consider to amounts of each supply indexes in terms of producers and also maximum capacity of each suppliers in terms of each supply indexes, be calculated the optimum amounts of each supply index. In this model with the use of bipolar scale space technique, convert the qualitative values to numerical values and the use of Entropy technique to determination the weighted matrix and the use of Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) to determination the supply optimum amounts for each supply indexes.

This article determined the critical supply routes with three approaches: cost, time and supply quality status and rating of supply critical routes in a network supply, finally. In this article, has tried that each three parameter: supply cost, supply time and supply quality status having an effective and efficient supply network and supply chain are very effective, considered in determine of supply critical paths in a supply network. It is important that the network be effective and efficient, cause to rapidly response to receive demands with higher quality and gain competitive advantage in competitive market and effective chain management.

Set partitioning problems are known to be NP-hard, thus it requires massive amounts of times and efforts to solve them using linear programming and traditional algorithms. This study proposes to use a scatter search algorithm coupled with a tabu search algorithm for such problems. The proposed algorithm is applied to the 3rd level football leagues in Turkey. 54 teams competing in the league are divided into three categories randomly by the Turkish Football Federation. The proposed algorithm in this study aims to set up these categories with the goal of minimizing the total amount of travelling, thus cost and time throughout the league. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the total travelling by a significant amount of 56%.

The evaluation of the proportion in urban land territorial use planning will be done for allocation of each use planning to the most suitable land with the aims of achieving the most efficiency in allocate use planning in regarding to giving the services to citizens and other controls and urban land activities as well. This operation is as a complicated process for its effects and its more dependencies of other different controls on each other and also on daily urban land activities and the effects of profits and several factors on urban land controls activities will increase the complexity of the problem. The mentioned complexity is lead synchronizing to use of the different tools for decision support informational system (space) and analyses the multi-criteria (SMCDM). One of the most important problems in urban land programming is determining the adequacy in land control. In this problem should be determined the best use planning for each unit of land according to environmental factors such as slope, height, aspects of slope, continent, erosion, lands sufficiency, dust and social and economical factors too. In this research work is conveyed four suitable methods to controls by spatial decision making methods in terms of Topsis, Electre, Saw, Ahp according to environmental criteria. The result of this research work is the most important usage for SMCDM in urban land programming subjects, determining the scale of different applies for each spatial unit in which is able to calculate by spatial multi-Criteria decision making systems.

The present research paper formulated a conceptual framework for multinational companies to manage their risks with the help of corporate social responsibility initiatives and efforts. The case study of The Body Shop is analyzed for this purpose using the corporate social responsibility pyramid. The different corporate social responsibility initiatives and practices of The Body Shop were analyzed to determine which risks were being managed by those initiatives. The results of the present study showed that an organization can increase its output by reducing its risks associated with operations through corporate social responsibility activities related to environment, health and safety. Other risks including compliance and strategic risks can be catered to with the help of corporate social responsibility.

Wealth is a major factor in any economy in the comity of nations. It is of necessity that TVET (Technical and Vocational Educational and Training) leads in this aspect of harnessing the abundant human resources of a nation. TVET stands for Technical and Vocational Education and Training. In this case, people are offered education, training, vocational and technical skills. This paper therefore examines in details its role in the creation of wealth.