Finance

Chairman’s Statement plays a significant role in communicating the corporate affair to the stakeholders and subsequently serves one of the tools to the stakeholders in making their economic decision. However, the usefulness of which will depends upon their readability and understandability (Courtis, 2004). Therefore, this study examines the readability of Chairman’s Statement for companies under Main Board of Bursa Malaysia, starting from 2004 until 2006. The study employs Readability formula developed by Rudolf Flesch in 1949, Microsoft Word’s Flesh Reading Ease (FRE) Score. The results show that all the chairman’s statements in Malaysia are difficult to read.

This study dealt with the theoretical framework basics of financial inclusion, then analyzing the most important indicators of financial inclusion in Iraq, which showed the reality of financial inclusion in order to determine the basic requirements for financial coverage. The study has reached a number of conclusions, the most important ones: The weakness of the levels of financial coverage in Iraq due to weak access and utilization of financial and banking services; the percentage of those who own a financial or bank account for the adult population )11%); the ratio of the number of borrowing accounts (4.2%), while the global average of those who have a financial and bank account is (70%). Also the weakness of the bank density index, where every )35000( people have one bank branch in Iraq, while globally a thousand people have one branch bank, these proved the weak situation of financial inclusion level.

This study set out to ascertain the nexus between Cost Accounting Information and Price Determination in Nigeria manufacturing companies. Specifically; it establishes the relationship between Information of Unit Cost, Information of Overhead cost, Information of Production cost and selling price of products in Nigeria Bottling Company Plc, Enugu. A survey research design approach was adopted and data collected using five point likert-scale questionnaire which was administered on sample of 293 out of 1100 staff and management of Nigeria Bottling Company Plc, 9th Mile Corner, Enugu. Three hypotheses were formulated and were tested using Karl Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient. Findings unveil that there is significant relationship between Information of Unit Cost and Price determination in Nigeria manufacturing companies. The findings further revealed that there exists a significant relationship between Information of Overhead cost and Price determination in Nigeria manufacturing companies. Finally, the result established also that there significant relationship between Information of Production cost and Price determination in Nigeria Manufacturing companies. Consequent upon the findings, this study recommends among others; that Managers should consider improving their overhead costs apportionment system from the traditional method to the ABC method in order to have accurate calculation of the total costs per unit of their products. Again, that the management of Nigeria Manufacturing companies should pay more attention on reducing cost of productions without having any negative impact on product quality.

Despite innovation absorbing real and substantial costs, the available literature tends to focus heavily on training and education, and has primarily been concerned with measuring the inputs, process and immediate outcomes rather than the longer term impact of innovation. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge no study had ever been conducted to investigate the effects of innovation strategies on growth of Microfinance Banks in Kenya. This research focused on Faulu Micro Finance Bank Branches in coast region; the general objective of this study was assessing the effects of organizational innovation on the growth of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya with specific focus of Faulu Microfinance Bank in coast region. Specifically, the study was assessing the effects of product innovation, market innovation, process innovation and service innovation on the growth of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya with specific focus of Faulu Microfinance Bank in Coast region. This research was studied through the use of a survey research design. The target population of this study was 96 staff working in Faulu Microfinance Bank in coast region with a sample size of 77 employees. These study utilized questionnaires which were dropped physically to the respondents’ place of work and stratified random sampling was used to get the sample. The descriptive statistical tools such as SPSS were used to help the researcher to describe the data and determine the extent to use. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether variables predict a given dependent variable. Tables were used to summarize responses for further analysis and facilitate comparison. This study investigated whether innovations adopted by Faulu Microfinance Bank branches in Coast Region lead to growth of Micro Finance Bank.

In the dynamic business environment, organizations have implemented Enterprise Resource Planning system solutions to gain competitive advantage and fasten service delivery for value realization. Despite their benefits, ERP solutions have not been fully embraced by SACCOs, and those that have implemented the ERPs are not able to justify the benefits of the investment. Therefore the purpose of the study was to establish the value realizations for SACCO’s after the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning solutions, Nairobi region. Specific objective included: to establish the levels of ERP implementation and the value realized by SACCOs through ERP implementation. The researcher administered the questionnaires to the respondents randomly on a drop and pick basis. The data collected was expected to give both quantitative and qualitative results and it was analyzed using descriptive and regression model. It was found out that there was a strong relationship between the implementation level and the benefits of the ERP systems to SACCOs. The findings recommended that ERP systems should be implemented for customer relationship management; education, training and mentorship; monitoring and evaluation; and for research and development and for these reason, SACCOs should invest in the ERP systems.

Fintech is a short form of financial technology. It is completely revolutionizing the speed, the scale and the cost of getting financial services to the people by offering new services within the traditional banks, while potentially offering new opportunities within their competitive propositions such as alternative payments and lending mechanisms. Today, mobile payment solutions are available to those without a traditional bank account. Kenya is a world leader in the adoption of mobile payments. M-Pesa, Kenya?s first mobile wallet launched in 2007 to seamlessly transfer funds throughout Kenya, had over Kshs 7 trillion transacted and in 2017, the platform had over 1.7 billion transactions (Safaricom MPESA report, 2017). The transaction value processed through M-Pesa in 2018 shall be higher than the Kenya?s GDP which is Approx. USD 72Billion. Fintechs services offer diverse new opportunities to the banks and they should be embraced. Proper security measure should be put in place to protect the clients who use the services. Banks should also come up with strategies and ways of approaching and dealing with FinTech firms, to ensure that their interest is safeguarded.

Ethical accounting concept of business ethics relates directly to transparency, accountability & Corporate Responsibility. The major ethical issues occur in accounting and finance are reporting false income, falsifying documents, allowing or taking questionable deductions, illegally evading income taxes, engaging in frauds etc. Indian Ethos is all about what can be termed as “national ethos”. Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of organization. Some degree of consensus decision making is usually involved in any self-governance system, if only because individual members of the group may choose to violate the criteria for invoking outside authority, break the code of silence, or otherwise cause the group to lose its autonomy. The need of the hour is the requirement of ethical accounting regulations and in this research paper tried to relate the Indian ethos for self governance.

The study was undertaken to know the investment behaviour of investors towards commodity market. Commodity markets have become alternative investment class world over. Commodity markets are an ideal investment for today’s modern financial scenario. The study evidences that the investors are risk averse on past performance. Their experience and knowledge in investment activity helps them to analyze the price variations at regular intervals in commodity market and make rational decision making. The impacts of various demographic factors on investment behaviour of investors towards commodity market have also been studied. For measuring various phenomena and analysing the collected data effectively and efficiency for ANOVA and t-test has been used to analyze the various demographic values. A Sample of 119 respondents is taken for this study.

The study evaluates the performance and risk of monthly income plans of selected mutual funds with an objective to identify the top performing monthly income plan amongst the selected plans. The study has analyzed growth performance on the basis of returns of 6 months, 1 year, 3 years and since inception returns. Growth performance of the funds have been compared with industry average, and its benchmark index i.e., CRISIL MIP Blended Index. The Standard Deviations, Sharpe Ratio and Beta of the selected schemes have been compared to analyze volatility of the schemes and return per unit of risk. The study ends up with identifying top performing monthly income plans for relatively aggressive and conservative risk profile investors.

Since the intellectual capital provide a new and perfect model to observation of organizations real value, therefore, the tendency to evaluation of intangible assets true value of intellectual capital has increased in companies, shareholders (investors) and other stakeholders. This study investigates the relationship between the intellectual capital and its growth rate with earning management in accepted companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical society of study includes all Tehran Stock Exchange firms after put of certain conditions sampling was undertaken. Finally, during the period 2006 to 2013, 121 companies selected.The methodology of research is descriptive. Using a modified Jones discretionary accruals calculated as a measure to detect earnings management and then placed in the regression model defined earnings management, Hypotheses were tested. With the use of regression analysis the research hypotheses have been carried out. Also a number of control variables consist of Size and M/B have been used. The results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital and earnings management but there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital growth and earnings management.