Bio Technology

Early morning urine, stool and blood samples were collected from 1000 randomized persons at four different sites within the period of six months and screened for presence of Salmonella entericatyphi. Attention was given to clinical patients as well as healthy persons, particularly student community. Bori General Hospital and Sita-Esther Diagnostic Laboratories, Bori, were considered to access the clinical patients. Birabi Memorial Grammar School and Ken SaroWiwa Polytechnic, Bori, were considered for the healthy persons. Analysis were conducted on seven hundred samples from clinical patients, five hundred from Bori General Hospital and two hundred from Sita-Esther Diagnostic Laboratories, Bori, whereas three hundred samples from healthy people were also screened, one hundred from Birabi Memorial Grammar School and two hundred from Ken SaroWiwa Polytechnic, Bori. Comparative analysis of results indicated 60% Positive for blood, 30% Positive for Urine and 40% Positive for Stool. Evaluation of results show that 60% of the total population tested positive for Salmenella enterica typhi by serologicalfebrile antigen, but only 40% had evident visible growth of bacterial colonies, identified as salmonella typhi, in stool. The differences in results from blood, stool and urine from the various samples are likely due to patients being on a recent or current antibiotic treatment in general, or not being able to properly collect the Early morning Urine as directed, in case of Urine samples. High level of antibiotic potential(300mm), were seen in Augmentin, Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol.

High levels of eosinophils are important in several diseases such as allergy and parasitic infections. Eosinophilia has been associated with parasitic diseases mainly when the parasite invades the tissues and promotes damage at mucosal surfaces. In this paper, we evaluated the expression of the costimulatory molecules MHC II, CD80 and CD86 during the peak of eosinophilia to investigate if eosinophils have a phenotype potential to act as APC. To this end, we used syndrome of visceral larva migran (VLMS) model, a parasitic disease caused by Toxocara canis, one of the most frequent helminthes in dog puppies. Our results showed increased expression of CD80 and MHC II. In general, the enhanced expression of CD80 and MHC II and lowest CD86 expression may be correlated with cytokine production, since there was also an increase in IL- 4 and IL- 5. The increase in CD80 expression suggests the activation of the antigen specific immune response of T. canis occurs efficiently. Thus, we suggest a potential role of eosinophils to act as APC in VLMS experimental model.

Many plants contain latex that exuded when leaves are damaged & number of protein & enzymes have been found in it. The latex of some plant families such as Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae, Caericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Meliaceae, Sopodilla contains endopeptidase. In presence study fourteen various latex producing plants were identify for the presence of proteolytic activity by dot-blot X ray film method. The Euphorbia synudenium, Caloteopisprocera, Thevetia Peruviana, Ficusreligiosa, Caricapapaya, Azarirachta indica, Ficusbengalensis, Manikarazopota, caloteopisgigantea, degrade the gelatin on the x-ray film & the clear zone is formed at the site of application on x-ray film which indicates the presence of protease in the sample. The Jatrophacurcus, Plumeriarubera, Euphorbia triucalli, Ficusracemosa, Ricinuscommanis show no zone of clearances at the site of sample on x-ray film which shows absence of protease. The protein estimation of a various latex containing plants were done by lowery‘s method. The Euphorbia synudenium ,Caloteopisprocera, Thevetiaperuviana, Ficusreligiosa, Caricapapaya ,Azarirachtaindica, Ficusbengalensis, Manikarazopota, caloteopisgigantea, Jatrophacurcus, Plumeriarubera, Euphorbia triucalli Ficusracemosa, Ricinuscommanisin show protein concentration in between the rang of 45µg-390µg/ 0.1ml respectively. The proteolytic activities of enzymes preparation isolated from latex containing plants were estimated by using casein as substrate.In the present paper we described a simple and inexpensive procedure to detect protease of latex containing plants by the X- ray film dot-blot method.

Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) was field grown at population densities of 10.0, 13.3, 17.8, 20.0, 26.7 and 40.0 x 103 plants/ha and evaluated for herbage yield and quality 63 days after planting. Dry matter (DM) yield of all the plant components examined increased up to a density of 26.7 x 103 plants/ha and then declined. The leaf fraction and the total plant recorded maximum of 3698 and 5787 Kg DM/ha respectively. As population density increased, the leaf: stem ratio decreased from 2.7 to 2.0 to 1.6. The leaf blade, leaf stalk, stem (main stem and young branches) and developing inflorescences fraction registered averages of 24.5, 8.6, 7.8 and 17.8 % crude protein respectively. It could be concluded that Jack bean has the potential to serve as supplement to low quality ruminant feed sources.

One of the major concerns in today's world is the pollution and contamination of soil. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused serious health diseases. Many studies revealed a microbial preparation (biofertilizer) does not harm to the environment. Pisum sativum (Garden Pea) is known for its dietary protein source, fodder for animals and symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium present in its root nodules. This study revealed that organism cannot grow on Glucose-Peptone Agar plate but able to grow on Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar medium (YEMA) plates and detains pink colour of YEMA medium. Different biochemical tests were done to identify Rhizobium like urease, nitrate reduction, oxidase, catalase and salt tolerance test. The present study describes the optimization of production parameters and evaluation of shelf life of Rhizobium biofertilizer inoculated in multani mitti and coal ash. It utilizes sucrose as sole carbon source, different amount of yeast extract and salts such as Epsom salt (Sendha namak), Halite (Kala namak), NaCl, NaNO3, KI. The Rhizobium isolated from Pisum sativum roots has potential to produce industrially important biofertilizer. Quality control tests were done at the stage of mother culture, production culture and purity of carrier materials. Utilization of coal ash and multani mitti as carrier in biofertilizer formulations emerged as safe and effective alternatives. Shelf life of Rhizobium biofertizer in coal ash was found to have better growth for two months. The Rhizobium can be easily immobilized onto carriers like coal ash and multani mitti hence the best way to control waste like coal ash.

This paper gives a non-invasive approach for the measurement of blood glucose concentration in the blood, with the use of fluorescence radiation. By directing the fluorescence radiation at the target trytophan, the reflected radiation from tryptophan is detected at the detector and converted into a measurable signal. This value will correlate with the blood glucose concentration.

This experimental work is conducted to find the best paradigms for emergency czommunication systems that are developed in disabled and patient health care. The system must be proficient in avoiding adverse effects due to any misinterpretation that may arise in mis-classification of input. The proposed system works well with the suggested paradigms for the extraction of signals from a wearable hand glove. Each extracted signal spectrum represents the corresponding and precise paradigm feature, suitable for efficient classification. The application of Fast Fourier Transformation on signals to extract these features along with the Linear Discriminant analysis (LDA) resulted in faultless results. The wider differentiation is found in paradigms that depend on finger bustle, and are found less in false acceptance and false rejection in turn in equal error rate. Hence the experimental results prove the feasibility of constructing the efficient and simplified emergency response system for the sick, elderly and the disabled using the well differentiated paradigms.

Kaolin plays a very signi?cant role in the industrial aspects of life and new ones are still being discovered. It is a unique industrial mineral and very widely utilized in industry and its usage is in?uenced by its functional properties. However, the Egyptian kaolin is hard and massive. It is also low grade so that it needs beneficiation to be suitable for different industries. The kaolin used in most of the industrial applications should have very fine size distribution (80-90% by weight below 2 µm) and should be of high quality especially for applications like plastics, paints, paper industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, great attention in recent years has been paid to the industrial applications of intercalated nano-composites where kaolin or clays are extensively used. Therefore, new technologies must be developed to achieve good separation, especially when treating these finely disseminated particles. One of such recent technologies is the bio-processing where micro-organisms could be used for removing these coloring materials. In this paper, the role of micro-organisms on the surface properties of the kaolin single mineral has been studied through zeta potential and adhesion measurements as well as the adsorption experiments. Complete characterization of both single mineral and bacteria isolated from its surface has been done using XRD, SEM, and FTIR as well as morphological and biochemical identification of bacterial isolates.

Banana pulp and peel were analysed for their major nutrient contents, phytochemical constituents namely phenol and flavanoid, antioxidant and anti-hemolytic activity. The selected variety was Sirumalai banana variety. The result revealed the presence of nutrient constituent comprising moisture (71.12±0.03% for pulp and 6.03±0.05% for peel); ash (06.57±0.07% for pulp and 08.52±0.01% for peel); Carbohydrate (41.82±0.09% for pulp and 25.31±0.04% for peel); protein (07.62±1.02% for pulp and 03.23±0.015% for peel); fat (11.91±0.28% for pulp and 0.986±0.02% for peel) and fiber (22.78±0.12% for pulp and 23.24±0.01% for peel). Phenol content of pulp and peel were found to be 0.98±0.09mg/g and 0.52±0.11mg/g respectively. Flavanoid content of pulp and peel were found to be 29.92±0.24 mg/g and 22.76±0.07 mg/g respectively. Antioxidant activity of the banana variety was analysed by DPPH and hydroxyl scavenging activity. DPPH scavenging percentage of pulp and peel was found to be 81.72±0.06% and 71.95±0.21%. Hydroxyl scavenging percentage of pulp and peel was found to be 70.04±0.13% and 58.98±0.17%. Percentage anti-hemolytic activity of Sirumalai pulp ranged from 31.18±0.01% to 76.22±0.16; peel ranged from 24.31±0.02% to 64.69±0.04% at a concentration of 100-500 mg/ml. The results revealed that banana pulp and peel consist of essential chemical constituents that have good antioxidant and anti-hemolytic activity.

Alterations in mineral metabolism has been observed in all patients suffering from kidney disorders. While elevations in urea and creatinine values are definitely suggestive of renal disease, alterations in minerals metabolism is a secondary findings in all such cases. The metabolism of major macro divalent metals calcium and magnesium along with phosphorus are altered significantly and elevation in the level of one of the analytes always decreases the other. In the past, numerous publications have been carried out in this field, but only very few studies have been done to find out the associations between the analytes. This paper present the clinical usefulness of measuring all three analytes in patients suffering from kidney related disorders.