Literature

The present paper entitled “Dominant Mothers” concentrates on how motherhood become a dominant feelings and it made them to decide the destiny of their daughters. The portrayal of mothers as dominant ones in the novels of Difficult Daughters is realistic and also shows how mother characters voice their welfare oriented attitudinal behaviours towards their daughters.

Iranian contemporary poet, Behzad Kermanshahi is a poet devoted himself to Persian culture and literature and has had a special devotion to ancient Khorasani style, especially the peak of the epic poem, Ferdowsi Hakim. His works - which in Khorasani style are intermingled with modern language - contains profound human themes and meanings, which has given a beautiful tone to his poems. The most important of these themes can be summarized in patriotism, oppression, political commitment, loving Ahle- al-Bayt (AS), religious commitment, human-orientation, social and emotional commitment, hope and panic. Patriotism and love for the homeland has a special place in Kermanshahi’s poems. The poet's use of long and epic themes of the Shahnameh and its strong style and lofty language structure have led to the issue that in some poems, especially when writing a poem about patriotism and love for the homeland, Ferdowsi voice echo to be heard more than other issues.

Over the past few decades the stress had become a growing dilemma in organization and cause unfavorable effects on job performance. Stress is a universal element that affects employees worldwide. There are many barriers that affecting the employees in the workplace. Work stress often affects the employees in the workplace, where each employee will feel it at least once in their workplace. Work stress is a real life problem that not only affects the organization, but the employees mainly become victims of stress. stress become a familiar element in organization and nowadays the workplace become more complicated, which bring more negative impacts to the employees compared to positive impacts. Stress among workers is greater than before which also effect on the whole performance of the employees. Stress which occurred in workplace declared as harmful to physical and emotional responses that happen within a human being when the requirement of the job do not match the employees? capacity, resources and needs. In addition to higher levels of stress are connecting to lower performance, whereas higher job satisfaction point out higher performance.

This paper focuses on the social and political ills prevalent in the African societies with a view to correcting them thus, making the contemporary society a better place to live. Using two texts from a renowned Nigerian writer, we see the religious, social and political evils which normally degrade our society and the community at large. These evils are being satirized to bring about transformation. Here, the sociological approach is employed. The quota sampling used in this paper, brings about the religious hypocrisy, moral decadence, marital instability and corruption palpable, a savage, portrait of group of dictatorial African leaders in our texts of study. This study brings out the evil inherent in African socio-political system and calls for a change especially in a society bedeviled by all sorts of evil.

Nationalism as a value is constantly rebuilt through legend making and selective arbitrary iconization / idealisation. Here, literature becomes an enabling medium to critically redefine these nationalist icons, liberating us from intimidating epic expectations by looking at the varied narratives. My paper aims to highlight such complexities underpinning the national identities of Indian past and also, as to how these personalities are re-figured in the post-nationalist discourse. I intend to foreground the rewriting of Tipu Sultan a historical figure, through a re-reading of H.S. Shiva Prakash’s play Tipu Sultan.

Since long twin functions that have been attributed to literature include entertaining and educating the audience. It was the Roman poet Horace who more than thousand years ago claimed literature to be 'sweet' and 'useful'. Since then it is believed that the primary role of literature is to delight and instruct. However, it is not always that a piece of literature is composed by the artists with that effect in mind. More often than not, it is their way of expressing the innermost thoughts and desires creatively. Thus, we have literature dealing with various values drawn from the diverse spheres of life and society viz. environment, social justice, mysticism and the like. Rabindranath Tagore as a renowned and prolific Indian poet was inspired by the spirituality in oneslf and thus his poetry reflects his love for creation and mysticism. He could equate his love for nature with the love for god and like a true romantic seeks spiritual enlightenment in them. The paper analyses his collection of songs, Gitanjali to explore spirituality in his songs and the way he achieves spiritual gratification by dwelling on the world of the divine.

It is often perceived that we have advanced as a Nation due to Westernization, but taking a closer look at it, one discovers that the Igbo people have been enslaved without their knowledge to adopt Western culture of injustice, disobedience, bribery, corruption and so on at the expense of their rich cultural heritage that promotes communal living, hard work, truthfulness and justice. Though Westernization emancipated the people from cruel practices but it ought not to wean them away from their culture. Therefore, to extricate the culture from extinction, the Igbo people need to retrace their steps and cease from neglecting the culture, but rather, welcoming it back from the long years of negligence, compensating it with quality appreciation as we discover the rich beauty inherent in it.

The dislocation of people from familiar place and customs leads to the shattering of their feelings of belongingness and identity. Women suffer more as the patriarchal set up not only ignores their sufferings due to the dislocation but also has customs and traditions that treat woman as property and exploit, suppress and marginalize them.

Literature is most commonly used to refer to words of creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction and non-fiction. It is the body of written works of a language, period or culture. Literature is a mirror of life as well as a tool which writers use to mirror and reflect their societies. It has become a means of self expression, an avenue through which the realities of human conditions are brought to limelight. In other words, the literature of any given society is a reflection of the socio-political, economic as well as the religious background of the society. These points out the idea that literature does not exist in a vacuum rather it is from the real life events, experiences and issues in our contemporary society. In this regard, one can assert that what writers put together and blend in their work, under the powers of imagination and creative ingenuity is only a collection of real life events, facts and ideas from their own world. Writers concern themselves with socio-political, economic and religious issues prevalent in their society. This paper studies Realism in some selected works of writers. The authors under study are Asika Ikechukwu and Jane Austen. The works are Follow the River and Pride and Prejudice. The aim of the study is to determine and expose how these writers gleaned and selected their materials from real life events, in order to buttress it as part of its contribution. This shows how literature and creative works of many writers is nothing but a project of their real life situation and experiences or of those probably close to them. From the study, the researcher gathered and analyzed how man's inhumanity, class consciousness, materialism and poverty among other real life vices, provided materials with which these authors created their fictitious works, experiences and ideas.

Ecofeminist theorists advocate the subsistence perspective as the lone solution for all postcolonial problems. Booker Prize winning Indian English writers Arundhathi Roy and Kiran Desai are analysed as having subscribed to the requirements of the ecofeminists .Far from the accepted surmise of these writers as having given a morbid picture of the postcolonial scenario, it is concluded that there is indeed a solution on offer- the retrieval of the female principle which is rooted in the connectedness of nature comprising its entire gamut of flora and fauna. The novels analysed are ‘The God Of Small Things’ and ‘The Inheritance of Loss.’