Literature

East with ancient civilization and reconciliation culture always had been the centre of crisis and unrest. While the West especially The USA with a few antiquities has reached to an unbelievable development. It is possible to say that after the world war second, after a while it achieved a degree of development and stability. This achievement was a kind of temptation to the people of the East in order to travel and get some of these gifts. Immigration for having a better life was one of the concerns of eastern people and also is. Not only Eastern immigrant will face some economical and political problems, but also the crisis of Identity. According to Erick Erickson’s idea (1902 –1994 ) one of the biggest part of human’s identity is the social and cultural part, which prepare the opportunity to express and recognize two other optimal factors such as: biology and inner feeling. The cultural and social backgrounds are formed and grown in the family foundation and bigger one the society. If we take account the society foundation where the person grow as a main part so we can accept the social identity of a person as a national identity. For example: Iranian, Indian, Afghan and others. Eastern immigrants always faced the challenge of East and west culture and most of them had to accept the two identities which lead to Transnational-identity. Some of these immigrants with passing the level of adaptation with a new culture, suspended their national identity and adapted to the new identity while in others this process has not completed yet. It means their inner feelings do not accept this process. Keywords: Identity, Culture, and costum

A baptism ritual is the event at which an infant, an adolescent or an adult is given a name. Christening a newborn is considered to be sanctified and therefore is an important Hindu convention. Naming ceremonies differs according to religion and culture. In Bengal the paternal aunt has the honour of naming her brother’s child. Jhumpa Lahiri is a celebrated expatriate writer who has exclusively dealt with the concept of Nomenclature in her novel ‘The Name Sake’. It reflects the emotional side of Bengali family “The Ganguli’s” and through the protagonist “Gogol”. This paper unleashes the importance of classification of name and the various emotional perspectives in the novel. Gogol Ganguli suffers as a consequence of his namesake. The practice of Daknaam and Bhalonaam is an exclusive practice dealt in the Bengali communities which is tinted in the novel to a great extent. The aim of this paper is to trace the psychological trauma of Gogol Ganguli who was torn between two cultures and nearly lost his identity in a foreign land due to his absurd name Gogol in Jhumpa Lahiri’s ‘The Name Sake’.

This paper describes the sexual violence in John Grisham’s novel A Time to Kill. The Sexual Violence in America is because of racial Discrimination, and in India is Rich and Poor. Money makes many thing in Indian constitution.

Hausa and Dakkarci (C’lela) languages are two different languages with closer phonological, morphological, syntactical, as well as semantic structures. Many factors have contributed to the current similarities in the languages, existing in the same area. Nevertheless, they share different features. In view of this, the paper is intended to look at the comparative analysis of Hausa and Dakkarci(C’lela) languages in their sentence construction.

Experiential learning method (ELM) is more strategic and easy to implement activities for language learning. When experience is made the nucleus of the learning process, learning takes place automatically. It is also possible to make ELM a guiding star to show the destination of communication. Successful learning of language skills occurs through the process of experiential learning cycle. This method allows the learning transformation to take place within the learner without much enforcement from the teachers and allows the learners to naturally overcome the inhibition and actively participate in doing activities. This method also permits learner independency and getting familiarized with the learning methods. The learner’s personal experience becomes the point of initiation for learning experience. Familiarity of the context and the content chosen for the classroom activities, enable the learners to involve fully which, in turn, allows the learning possible. The present experiment was done with a group of 30 students from the second year under graduate course of an arts and science college situated in Thrissur, Kerala state.

This paper discussed regarding latah phenomenon in communication practice. The objectives of this review is to identify the causes and the implication to the people who having it, either it is a Malay culture or in Islamic practice. Modern studies viewed latah phenomenon as a emotional behavior that happen involuntarily .A serious form of this behaviour can gave a deep impact till they can do abnormal thing extremely. Latah behaviour are belief to be associated with neuron function, psychology and cultru-bound.Varies definition by Psychologists and Physician to define latah for example psychosis, hysterical psychosis, arctic hysteria, reactive psychosis, startle reaction, fright neurosis, hypnosis state and psycho dramatic shamanic. Latah behaviour did not show the true personality of the effected person. Studies showed latah behaviour found in south east Asian especially in Malays. Islamic prospective describes latah as syatahat. Syatahat phenomenon happened to Sufism experts such as Mahyudin Ibnu Arabi, Al-Hallaj dan Abu Yazid Bustamitr had created a polemics among Islamic religious. The Islamic experts’ from Sunnites member did not accepts this Sufism views due to latah problem.

Much has been said about the Universalism of Chomsky and his so-called revolutionary theories in the field of Modern Linguistics, but little has been done in the way of bringing in line the roots, origins and the historical bases of such a bundle of theories with Modern Western Literary Movements and the way they go back to their historical, cultural and literary tradition in describing their philosophy and assumptions. To be more specific, the present study intends to carry out a comparative study between New Criticism- as the first modern Anglo-American school of criticism- and Chomsky’s Universalism, by going to deeper levels of their priori and structure in an attempt to find a common background, as they both owe much to the heritage from which they emerge: the Old Western Tradition of Philosophy.

Shahnameh, one of the most important literary works of the world that, from the perspective of a variety of criticism and review. Given that, this effect is based precious and many great stories, and one of the main elements of the story, the character, is, so in this paper, we investigate Rostam character in the story "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Rostam and Esfandiar" will be discussed. Rostam in the Ferdowsi's view, is' perfect human, with attributes such as: if the crown section, angry elephant, famous ancient, world champion, valiant, brave, patriotism, courage in battle and the care and. . . ,Accompanied . When Rostam different story, behavioral and moral differences. Rostam character to deal with Sohrab, some of which humans are the cause, and a gray and semi-bright character, but in the face of Esfandiar, Rostam personality characteristics have changed, and so far not a perfect man and unrivaled hero .

Verbs which drives from “bayestan” (must,should),”tavanestan”(can) and “shodan” are simple modal verbs in Persian. Syntactically, these verbs are defective. Semantically ,these verbs at least receives two readings :epistemic modality and root reading. whenever they conveys concepts like “permission”, ”necessity” or “will” they have root reading, which divides into two sub_ classes root_ deontic and root_ dynamic. epistemic modality conveys “possibility” or “”probability”. Epistemic_ objective is based on scientific data but epistemic_ subjective is based on personal judgments .Root modality co-occurs with subjective forms and epistemic modality co-occurs with indicative forms.

Looking at the print media of UK and Europe about the economic crisis, the present study aims to find out how the writers of the print media in UK and Europe use discourse tools to convey their ideas. In a comparative study of the two media with a focus on such grammatical tools like passivisation, nominalisation, thematisation, and word choice strategies, it was found out that the UK media exaggerate the problem while the European media depict a positive picture of the same crisis.