Network

The role accurate measurement and reception of electromagnetic signal play in telecommunications cannot be over emphasized. These measurements and reception are a function of terrain/topology, level of infrastructural development, vegetation and other factors. Wave propagation models are very important and necessary tools for determining the radio wave propagation characteristics of a user environment or area. The research handles site specific measurements for Lagos at frequencies of 900MHz and 1800MHz and comparison done with standard calculated values. From the analysis of data collected, the mean square errors (µe) ranged from 5.39dB to 13.60dB for Okumura Hata at 900MHz. For COST 231 Hata at this frequency, it was from 5.06dB to 13.52dB. This agrees with the acceptable International range. The acceptable range lies between 1? µ ? 15dB (Wu and Yuan 1998). The mean square error at 1800MHz varied from 4.66dB to 5.06dB.

Identifying the occurrence of congestion in a Mobile Ad-hoc Network is a major task. The existing TCP congestion control techniques do not handle the unique properties of shared wireless multi-hop link. Frequent changes in the ad-hoc network topology poses great deal of problems for congestion control. There are several approaches proposed for detecting and overcoming the congestion in the mobile ad-hoc network. In this paper we try to bring out some of the congestion control techniques and its salient features.

Mobile ad-hoc networks have become very popular because of their widespread usage. Cooperation among the nodes in ad-hoc networks is an important issue for communication to be possible. But some nodes do not cooperate in communication and saves their energy. These nodes are called as selfish nodes. In the literature there are many methods which deal with the selfish behavior of nodes. This paper compares different methods available for reducing the effect of selfish nodes in mobile ad hoc networks.

Nature Inspired Computation defined as a computational intelligence paradigm inspired from natural biological systems (such as human brain and neural systems, Genetic Algorithms; Bees and Ants Colonies Optimization, etc........). Recently, this paradigm has been successfully applied for solving computational optimization problems, in many fields (such as, machine learning, and engineering design, etc.........). Moreover, by considering its unique computational intelligence characters of self-adaptive, self-organizing and self-learning. It is relevant to adopt its application for modeling and performance evaluation of educational Systems. Herein, the presented work motivated by recent research publications inspired by two interdisciplinary computational intelligence Models. Both have been characterized by challenged bridging of two Natural inspired Models across an interesting practical educational issue. More specifically, this piece of research concerned with the theoretical analysis and evaluation of constructive bridges of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) & Ant Colony Systems (ACS) across Open Learning Systems. Noting that motivating research publications include the following two topics: 1- Assessment of students' adaptability using ANNs models (Cognitive Styles Approach). 2- Modeling of Cooperative e-Learning Performance (ACS Approach).

In this article neuro-fuzzy systems for active management of packet queue of the output port of a router of a telecommunication network are considered. The employment of this systems allows reduction of average packet delay in a queue of the output port of a router and lowering of the probability of packet discard.

This research paper suggests a load balancing algorithm using fuzzy logic methodology so that maximum Quality of Service can be attained. Avoidance of jamming of packets is one of the key performance objectives of traffic management in MPLS networks. Load balancing can avoid the congestion caused due to inefficient allocation of network resources. Another feature of the network performance is Quality of Service (QOS). QOS in telecommunications jargon, is a measurement used to determine how well that network is satisfying the end user's requirements. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is an important feature in determining the QOS. MOS is a measurement of the quality delivered by the network based on human observation at the destination end. Precisely we can tell average opinion score (MOS) provides a numerical indication of the perceived quality of received media after compression and transmission.

This part of research focuses on analysis and evaluation for synthesis problem of a computer network heterogeneous structure. Where the core of the network has a ring topology, the network lower level-topology tree, and this paper composed of two interrelated parts. Firstly, this part of presented herein addresses one of problems concerned with planning of computer networks with heterogeneous structure associated with cost effectiveness. However, the second part presents other side of the computer networks' structure problem associated with optimality of network size. Specifically, at this first partfocusing attention on the cost effectiveness problem of networks' structural features using modified elastic net method. Itadopted modified method applied for reaching shortest path topology of computer network backbone structure via computing method of weight coefficient values. That solution characterized by introducing additional Synthesized weight coefficients' values taking into account the amount of internal network nodes' demands/ traffic. Interestingly, obtained solution esults after simulated experiments proved to take the advantage of better cost effectiveness(lower cost) of designed network structure , rather than other well known applicable solutions to date.

A healthcare solution that combines android mobile and IPv6 techniques in a wireless sensor network to monitor the health condition of patients and provide a wide range of effective, comprehensive, and convenient healthcare services by using global network. With advances in mobile communication, new opportunities have opened up for the development of healthcare systems that remotely monitor biomedical signals from patients. In this different type of sensors can be used to measure body level of patient in different location such as heart rate, blood pressure, haemoglobin, temperature. A visualization module of the server program graphically displays the recorded biomedical signals on Android mobile devices used by patients and doctors at the end of the networks in real-time. These data’s can be transmitted through the Bluetooth, which is received by the smart phone in another location. With the help of GSM we can access human body level from anywhere. A low-power embedded wearable sensor measures the health parameters dynamically and is connected according to the concept of IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area network to the M2M node for wireless transmission through the internet or external IP-enabled networks via the M2M gateway.

An accident notification system for a vehicle includes a degree of damage predicting system that detects whether the vehicle occupant has been injured in an accident. It consists of position monitoring system that monitors the position of the vehicle. If any accident occurs, the mobile communication terminal receives the signal and it informs to the nearest hospital about the accident, so that the occupant can be rescued soon and gets treatment. This project can be used in the areas where there is no one to help the injured occupant when they are met with an accident. It also makes note of the databases of the persons in and around the accidental area. This will be helpful for the police in further investigations.

Mobile broadband services are growing rapidly as it provides freedom to the users to be online wherever they are at a competitive price and significant facilities such as increasing amounts of bandwidth, using mobile and roaming devices. The earliest version of WiMAX is based on IEEE 802.16 and is optimized for fixed and roaming access, which is further extended to support portability and mobility based on IEEE 802.16e, also known as Mobile WiMAX. This paper presented an analysis on those routing protocols designed for wireless networks. A comparison on the performance of seven routing protocol (AODV, DSR, OLSR, ZRP, TORA, GRP and DSDV) for Mobile WiMAX environment is done. The performance matrix includes Packet Delivery fraction (PDF), Throughput, End to End Delay, and number of packet dropped were identified. The study used NS2 simulator for the comparison on the performance analysis.