Archives-September 2016

A numerical method for solving fuzzy Volterra-Fredholm integral equation of the second kind will is introduced. We convert a nonlinear fuzzy Volterra-Fredholm integral equation to a nonlinear system of Volterra-Fredholm integral equation in crisp case. We use Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) to find the approximate solution of this system and hence obtain an approximation for fuzzy solution of the nonlinear fuzzy Volterra-Fredholm integral equation. Also, some numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed technique.

The digital divide manifests the unbalanced growth between developed and developing world. This paper analyzed the existing digital divide through retrieving data in the period of 2000 - 2014 in Ethiopia. The result revealed that a huge gap in sex-disaggregated information appeared in Ethiopia. In addition, poverty, education and infrastructural development significantly affected accessibility, use and skill discrepancy in ICT between the genders. The digital divide trajectory is diminishing over time as the educational attainment and level of income increasing.

The purpose of this research was to compare the performance of different DFT methods at different basis sets in predicting geometry and vibrational spectrum of dopamine. The molecular structure and infrared spectrum of dopamine was studied. Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) with functions B3LYP, B3PW91, X3LYP, M06 and M06-2X at various basis set levels (6-311++G(d,p), 6-311++G(2d,2p) and Aug-cc-pVDZ) were performed. The computed result indicates that X3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level is distinctly superior to all the remaining DFT methods in predicting molecular structure of dopamine. The vibrational spectral analysis indicates the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level is better than the other methods at all the remaining basis sets.

The purpose of the study was to assess the peer acceptance of sensory challenged and non-disabled children in an inclusive education environment. A self structured tool developed by the investigator was used to assess the peer acceptance of sensory challenged and non-disabled children. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select the schools catering to the educational needs of both sensory challenged and non-disabled children attending inclusive schools in Bangalore city. 100 sensory challenged and 100 non-disabled children aged between 10-15 years were selected for the study. The research design included a quasi experimental design. Data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The post assessment data revealed that the intervention programme had a positive influence on peer acceptance of sensory challenged and non-disabled children in an inclusive education environment.

After cereals, oil seeds are the second source of food, and canola is the third source of oil seeds crop in the world after palm oil and soybean. This study was performed as factorial in RCBD design, First factor included cultivars (Zarfam, Talaye, Okapy) and second factor included drought stress (control, 60% FC, 40%Fc), also some properties were studied such as Superoxide dismutase, Proxidase, Catalase, yield. Totally, results showed that antioxidant enzymes increase as one mechanism in responses to stress and cultivars had different amount of enzyme unit. Between cultivars Zarfam and Talaye had highest antioxidant enzyme, respectively, highest means of SOD (31.6), POD (46) and CAT (23 Enzyme activity unit per mg protein) were obtained by Zarfam cultivar in 40% FC condition. Enzyme unit increased by increasing of drought levels and Zarfam, Talaye and Okapy showed 219, 198 and 112 gr/m2 yield in 40% FC condition.

This study was performed to evaluation of salicylic acid and Paclobutrazol application on the growth characteristics of annual sports grass. The experiment was carried out as factorial in a completely randomized design that the first factor was salicylic acid levels (0, 100 and 200 ppm) and the second factor included paclobutrazol at four levels (0, 5, 15 and 30 mg per liter) with 3 replications. At the end of experiment some properties were determined such as RWC, Shoot fresh weight, Shoot dry weight, Root length, Membrane stability index. Totally, Means of all traits increased with increasing levels of salicylic acid from 100 to 200 ppm and highest means of RWC (92%), shoot fresh weight (9.7 grams per 5 cm), shoot dry weight (1.27 grams per 5 cm), root length (24.5 mm) and membrane stability index (84%) were obtained by treatment of 200 ppm. Also, paclobutrazol led to increasing of RWC but it led to reduction in other traits. Therefore, according to obtained results, application of 200 ppm salicylic acid and 30 ppm paclobutrazol recommended for sports grass planting

This study was performed to evaluation of vermicompost substrates on amount of organic carbon, total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio. in training and consulting center of the Flower and plant in the Tehran municipality, District 4. CRD design was selected for our study and treatments included: cattle manure (control), manure + leaves, manure + sawdust and paper with three replications. Eisenia Foetida was selected for study and to analyze the vermicompost, it was placed in semi-shade environment. At the end of vermicomposting process some chemical properties and nutrients were measured such as organic carbon, nitrogen, carbon than nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and initial moisture content, pH, Ec. All treatments had significant effects on studied properties and according to result it was founded that best treatment is manure + leave in compare to control and manure + sawdust and paper and according to Duncan test, there were significant differences between treatments in compare to control.

This study performed to programs presentation for environmental management of Maharloo Lake by SWOT method. This lake with an area of 600 sq.km is located 27 km southeast of Shiraz. The lake water is used for extraction of normal salt. It is considered a suitable and valuable habitat for migratory birds and wild animals. Environmental management processes include 4 steps. In order to gather information about the area, some method employment included: the Department of the Environment of the province, indigenous publications, library, Internet and questionnaires. The main purpose of SWOT analysis is to identify those internal and external factors in achieving the goals and those are important. In this method, information divided in two categories, 1: Internal factors, including strengths and weaknesses, which can be identified by internal factors matrix. 2: external factors including Opportunities and threats for environment, those factors can be identified by the external factors matrix. According to SOWT strategies, we designed best strategies regional management of Maharloo Lake.

The Trans-Atlantic slavery is a well documented human trafficking enterprise which gained international notoriety for the inhuman way in which it was conducted. The fact that such an infamy was allowed to thrive for centuries under the watchful eye and with the connivance of the most civilized nations in the world calls for continual investigation. This paper considers slavery as a literary enterprise. It explores the cognitive framework that made the capture, trafficking and the exploitation of Africans intelligible in the world where religious and humanist principles reigned. Fiction and nonfictional works of slavery depict various ways by which slaves were oppressed. This paper, which is an analysis of Toni Morrison’s Beloved, intends to portray the fact that the perception of black people as subhuman creatures was the main reason for their inhumane treatment. From the analysis, it is shown that the slaveholders instituted slave management techniques which were primarily aimed at implanting slave mentalities among the black people. The main motivation for the psychological enslavement of the blacks was the perception that Africans, by virtue of their race, were natural slaves and should be induced to accept that status. The analysis is informed mainly by social dominance theory and to a little extent classical conditioning psychological learning theory.

The hydrobiology of Andrott Island, Lakshadweep was investigated during November 2011 to May 2012 period. Estimation of salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrients, hardness, primary productivity, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were carried out. Among the factors mentioned above nutrient levels were significantly less in the Andrott Sea. Altogether nine species of phytoplankton and ten groups of zooplankton were identified during the present study. The filamentous algae Trichodesmium sp., diatoms such as Pleurosigma, Navicula, Skeletonema, Thalassiosira, Coscinodiscus and Nitzschia; dinoflagellates such as Dinophysis and Ceratium contributed to the phytoplankton community. Significant fauna composed of Foraminiferans, Rotifers, Polychaete larvae, Isopods, Ostracods, Crustacean larvae, Copepods, Mysids, Gastropod larvae and fish larvae.