Archives-September 2013

Globalization brings some negative results in addition to its number of positive aspects. One of the biggest results is the global crisis which affects the world and our country to a large extent. Virtually the global crisis which has been assumed to be appeared as the result of Mortgage crisis in USA has been affecting all establishments active in all kinds of sectors. The research has been implemented for the workers employed in white meat sector in Bolu where the effects of global crisis were widespread in 2009. The scale used in the research has been prepared in order to measure the general affects of the crisis on the workers and their motivations. As a result of the research, the meaningful statistical relations were determined regarding the motivation position of the workers and the demographic variables such as their ages, education status and work experiences. According to the research, it is understood that the workers did not know how to think during the crisis period and they were got into panic and they experienced a felling of losing their trust to the administration and also their jobs. This result is parallel to the prior studies performed regarding this subject.

Since assertiveness and communicative skills and their effects on a teen-ager's everyday life is of importance, a detailed study of the concepts can be useful in educating children with hearing impairments. This study aims to find out the effect of training communicative skills on deaf and partially deaf teen-agers' assertiveness. the method is pre-test, post test with a control group. the subjects are 65 female deaf and partially deaf students in Amol city 2012-2013 with ages ranging 15-20. From the subjects, 30 were randomly selected and divided into two groups i.e. experimental and control groups with 15 subjects in each. Alberti and Emmons assertiveness test was used to collect data. The experimental group underwent communicative skill training for 6 sessions; each taking on hour in one and a half month, held once a week. The results showed that the training had a positive (at: P=0.000 level) on the student' assertiveness.

Parkia biglobosa is an important multipurpose tree of West African Savannah land used traditionally, to treat a range of human and animal ailments. To evaluate the effects of sub-chronic administration of aqueous extract of the leaves of Parkia biglobosa in rats, twenty four male albino rats weighing between 120-200 g were distributed into four groups: A, B, C, and D containing 6 rats each. Aqueous extract of the leaves was administered to rats in groups B, C and D at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 respectively for 21 consecutive days, while the rats in group A were administered distilled water (vehicle for extract) and served as control. After the treatment period, results of haematological evaluation revealed a dose dependent significant (p<0.05) decrease in the Packed cell volume of rats at all treatment levels. Likewise, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counts were also significantly decreased at the 200 and 400 mgkg-1 doses. However, significant increase in total white blood cell count (WBC) was observed at the 400 mgkg-1 dose. Changes observed in all analysed plasma biochemical parameters were not significant except for gamma glutamyl tansferase, on which the extract caused a significant (p<0.05) increase at the 400 mgkg-1 body weight dose. Moreover, mild portal congestion in the liver, mild renal cortical congestion in the kidney and moderate sub-capsular congestion in the testis were observed at the 400 mgkg-1 dose. The study concludes that the extract is relatively safe provided that it is used judiciously at low doses.

Polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.14.18.1) is ubiquitous plant enzyme that catalyze the O-dependent oxidation of mono- and o-diphenols to o-quinones. These quinones are reactive species that are able to covalently modify and cross-link a wide variety of cellular nucleophiles via a 1,4 addition mechanism, leading to the formation of polymeric brown or black pigments, which are responsible for significant postharvest losses of fruits andvegetables. Browning of damaged tissues in fresh fruits and vegetables results mainly from the oxidation of phenolic compounds to quinones by PPO. The activation of PPO by sodium dodesyl sulphat investigated, but reports on the effect of some detergents and chaotropic agents on activity of PPO are scarce. Here the effect of detergents and chaotropic agent on activity of enzyme in soluble and in partial purified fraction of PPO of Wild pear was investigated. Sarkosyl acts as a activator of PPO for oxidation of catechol and pyrogallol, although has inhibitory effect in concentrations over 1 mM. Other ionic, Nonionic detergents and Chaotropic agents acted as inhibitors of PPO in soluble and in partial purified fraction. Inhibitory effect of Urea, GnHcl, NP-40 and Sodium cholate in presence of catechol is more than these effect in presence of pyrogallol, but this inhibitory for Triton X-100 in presence of pyrogallol is more than catechol. The same effects were obtained on the partially purified enzyme. Results identified and confirmed the differences in structure and conformation of enzyme in soluble and in partial purified fraction for oxidation of different substrates.

Death is an inevitable phenomenon that we should accept it as a part of our life. Because everybody will die and we cannot disregard it in our life. One of the most difficult events that may occur for every child or teenager is that one of his/her relatives be died. In order to therapy the consequences of death, it is necessary to acquire different information about its therapy methods such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. This is why that the present study was aimed to examine the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy methods on decreasing symptoms of depression among students with abnormal grief. The research methodology of this study is a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study includes the students with grief that experienced one of their relatives’ deaths and had symptoms of abnormal depression based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IR-IV). The sample members have been selected randomly and then were appointed to experimental and control groups randomly. In order to collect the research data, the questionnaire of child and teenagers’ depression has been used. In order to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, Covariance analysis has been used in the SPSS. The results revealed that there is a significant difference between control and experimental groups’ depression after intervention (p?0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that the cognitive-behavioral therapy has a significant effect on decreasing symptoms of depression among students with abnormal grief.

In most cases, the importance of local histories in explaining the issues and delicacies of a land or territory is a good guide and answer for people who want to find out more about the history, dignitaries, culture, customs and the status of a region or area. Having prosperous, vibrant and populous regions, the vast country of India has seen a very great and notable civilization and has always been important throughout history, each region which having its own wonders and developments. Although there had been many worth sayings points about different regions of India before the arrival of Islam in this country, all of which used to be cited orally, there have been different books about different regions of the country prepared after the arrival of Islam in this country, especially during the centuries when the Islamic sovereignty was stabilized or Persian Language and Literature developed there. In the first part of the present study, which in fact is an introduction to the writings and compositions of local historiographies, the researchers seek to mention the course of Muslims’ historiography in India from the past until recent centuries. In the second part of the study, they introduce a list of local chronicles together with the name and time of their compilation in about twenty states or regions of India. In the last part, however, they explain the content of some of these works. The indented questions, nevertheless, are that what the position of local chronicles is in the Indian Historiography, what regions or what topics local chronicles have contended with, and when such works have been written. Regarding the data collected for this research, the answer to these questions will be possible and positive and the status of local historiographies in the Indian subcontinent will be characterized.

Geophysical investigations are increasingly applied to urban planning development for mapping and monitoring. Vertical electric sounding method and seismic refraction technique were used in Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKIA) Iran, in an attempt to define the subsurface structure, variation in thickness and strength of layers and also, determine the earthquake prone zones in the area. Distribution of electrical resistivity indicated that the study area can be divided into two parts of northern-southern or northeast-southwest. The fine grain silt, clay, marble and chalk deposits with low resistivity are created thick layers in southern and southwest parts of area. In depths 30, 50, 100 and 150 m we are faced to change in soil materials, in the other word change in layer composition mainly occurred at these depths. Also, the real and vast aquifer cannot be considered for this site and just local small mounding of groundwater in some positions such as northern part of area, in deep old alluvial deposits can be guessed. It seems that fault or discontinuity is passed from northwest to the southeast of the study area and is caused the change in geology and sedimentary conditions. According to Iranian Seismic Code (Standard 2800), most of the land around the airport are in class 2 and 3 and the future construction in this region will be required to comply with the standard design principles.

The need for efficient Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system has increased hugely. Efficient and effective retrieval techniques of images are desired because of the explosive growth of digital images. Content Based Image Retrieval is a promising approach because of its automatic indexing retrieval based on their semantic features and visual appearance. In CBIR, image is described by several low level image features, such as colour, texture, shape or the combination of these features. With appealing time-frequency localization and multi-scale properties, wavelet transform proved to be effective in feature extraction and representation. This paper presents multilevel wavelet decomposition and adaptive thresholding technique to extract shape and texture feature of the query image and to retrieve the similar images from the database. Edge detection is done using Daubechies (db2) wavelet. Zernike moments (ZM) are used to represent the shape. Efficiency of retrieval method is tested using precision and recall on Wang’s dataset.

In this research, Investigation on FRP-cement mortar infilled-steel double-skin tubular member is carried out with emphasis on lateral and vertical load resistance located at seismically active regions. In this new structural member, three constituent materials are optimally combined. The outer tube is made of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP), the inner tube is made of steel, and the space in-between is filled with cement mortar. These members are highly useful when they are used as columns in scaffolding. These members are cyclically loaded to their Ultimate load to study the behaviour of Double skin tubular short columns (DSTSCs) under increasing d/t ratio by parametric optimization approach using DOE (Design of Experiments). From this experimental research, following conclusions were drawn; As the length of the tube or column increases, load carrying capacity decreases for every particular D/T ratio. As D/T ratio increases, for a particular length of tube ultimate load decreases. As cement mortar ratio increases the ultimate load for d/t =10 &13.5 decreases but for the d/t 17.667 ultimate load decreased and suddenly shot up. As Gap (between the inner steel tube and outer frp) increases the ultimate load for each cement ratio decreases.

Environmental concerns have become an important obsession around the world. Architecture plays an important role on the effects of human built environment to the globe. Passive solar energy helps to alleviate the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) costs and helps to lower the environmental effects. Central and east parts of Iran, called Central Plateau, have hot dry weather. Its traditional architecture propounded some solutions like using thermal inertia of materials to alleviate the severe weather condition of this area. Now, we have more developed industry and different innovations have enhanced buildings materials. In this research, it has been tried to propose a solution for gathering the benefits of traditional and today architecture n hot arid zone of Iran. The proposed system is based on motility of insulation for optimizing the use of thermal inertia and thermal insulation daily and annually. Using smart buildings saves lots of energies and lets the building to respond to its environmental changes like a living creature.