Archives-September 2013

A variable frequency and variable phase function generator with three outputs of (1) reference f_O (2) lead phase f_O + Æ₁ and (3) lag  phase f_O - Æ₂, is described in this paper. The leading phase difference Æ₁ is continuously adjustable over 0 to 180^o by an input control voltage V_C1 and the lagging phase difference Æ₂ is also continuously adjustable over 0 to -180^o by an another input control voltage V_C2, independent of frequency of operation of the function generator which can be set by a third control input dc voltage –V_I

This paper deals with the development of technique for planning the location of a substation. In this work, we propose a STatistical INformation Grid based (STING) approach for distribution of load points with suitable allocation of substation. A real- life data, that is, the power map of Bihar is taken for the planning purpose. At present there are six substations located in Bihar. Google Earth is used for finding the location (latitude and longitude) of the demand sites. By implementing STING algorithm and simulating it in MatLab we have determined five substations that can feed the entire Bihar area with minimum distribution losses. The substations determined by STING algorithm are centrally located for a particular area (cluster). The methodology will be a very useful tool for power distribution planners.

In the present day scenario rapid product development (RPD) becomes essential for product manufacturers for their survival. However, success of RPD depends on advancement and effective utilization of many more available technologies. Now with the availability of Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) for RPD making the demands of the present day industry are taken care. The product development by CAD/CAM reduces the considerable time of equipment and is made with higher accuracy and repeat-ability resulting in faster development of products and less rejection in the long run this approach to product developing results in cost effectiveness. This paper reviews the technological advancements in CAD/CAM Systems. This paper also depicts the lead-time reduction in product development through modeling with CAD/CAM and application of reverse engineering, Rapid prototyping and CNC approach to RPD.

The next paper shows the successful case of an strategic management model based in competences, used by the organization AIESEC to be implemented in small and medium enterprises located in Guadalajara’s metropolitan zone, all this, with the main purpose of improving in those areas where the firm has the opportunity to grow and become more competitive.

The physicochemical characteristics of water in the Lower Litani River Basin (LLRB) were evaluated. It concerns with analyzing six representatives sites which are investigated over three seasons of the year 2011. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to interpret the elemental concentrations in the river water. Many variables were evaluated, especially the components or metals Fe, NO₂^-, CaCO₃, Cu. Three groups were identified and differentiated by PCA according to the seasons. The first group is rich in Fe and NO₂, and low in NH₄ and EC (in the mid rainy season). The second group formed in dry season and the third group with low concentration of K⁺, PO₄^3- and Cl^- (in mid rainy). However, no critical pollution has been reported in this part of the river; except the high concentration of Fe and NO₂ ^- in all investigated sites due to the reject of wastewater and touristic activities.

The effect of grinding MgTiO3 on the particle size and electrical properties was studied. Initially, good dispersion conditions were optimized via rheological characterizations of the aqueous slurry in variant dispersant amounts. Then, 50% MgTiO3 slurry was grinded using balls of different diameter sizes (0.8 and 0.4 mm) for two consecutive cycles. The milled powder was characterized using laser granulometry, BET method, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The crystallite size was calculated using Halder-Wagner methods. The electrical and dielectrical properties were also monitored for different particle size. These results revealed impurities from the zirconium balls, however, without affecting the particle size even if prepared with different grinding operations.

In present paper, we investigated the water samples taken from sewage treatment plant (STP) at Habak of famous Dal lake Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir). Comparative analysis was carried out for inlet of the STP and outlet discharged into the Dal Lake. Some essential physico-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),chemical oxygen demand (COD),dissolved oxygen (DO),chloride (Cl-),total alkalinity (TA),total hardness (TH),total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS),total suspended solids (TSS) were studied. TS,TDS and TSS were determined by oven dry method, COD was determined by reflux digestion method, BOD was estimated by Azide modification of Winkler method, TA as HCO3-,TH (Calcium, Ca2+, Magnesium,Mg2+) and Chloride (Cl-), were estimated by standard titrimetry. For major and minor trace element (TE) determination, energy dispersive x-ray (EDAX) facilities attached to Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were employed. It was observed that the concentration of TS, TSS, TE, BOD and COD reduces but the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) increases after treatment at STP. It was found that the contents or proportions of most of the parameters (TS, TSS, TE, BOD and COD) decrease whereas the dissolved oxygen was found to increase after treatment. Various possibilities are explored vis a vis the current observed data.

In this article neuro-fuzzy systems for active management of packet queue of the output port of a router of a telecommunication network are considered. The employment of this systems allows reduction of average packet delay in a queue of the output port of a router and lowering of the probability of packet discard.

The word entrepreneur originates from the French word, entreprendre, which means "to undertake." In a business context, it means to start a business. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary presents the definition of an entrepreneur as one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise. Many experts and researchers refer to today's world as the age of discontinuity. Age of discontinuity means that past experience and solutions to current and future problems are not entrepreneur anymore and should think for new organizational solutions with modern structure, so that could produce the goods and services with minimal cost and with superior quality tailored to customer needs and preferences as global markets be subdued and captured and in this great race to be victorious. Therefore in order to have successful economics there dire need to have prosperous enterprises in competitive environments. This requires powerful, self-reliance and empowered employees, the Personnel who possess the creative and entrepreneurial morale. As result entrepreneurship, creativity, innovation and risky businesses, provide fuel modern economy that means in any enterprise if in any organization, the entrepreneurial context of a ewe be provided employment will be created and itself will be factor of technology transformation. Entrepreneurs are a factor to identify, create and expand new markets they have the ability to see market gaps and to identify opportunities perfectly. In other words, entrepreneurship is nothing but the opportunity recognition and optimum use of it. Therefore we consider the entrepreneurship as suitable strategy for development and improvement of enterprises in this paper and we believe that entrepreneurship has important role in productivity enhancement and to ease their innovative activities in order to implement the organization's success.

Children are reported to be taking on more influential roles in the decisions of household purchases. Some of the reasons cited for this are changes in family structures like smaller families and single headed households. Other reasons like enhanced technology and the influx of mass media has also been noted. The aim of this study was to examine the extent of the influence that children, in the pre-adolescent age group, have on purchases. The study further looked at the influence of peers, the influence of television programmes and televised advertisements and the types of techniques used by children to influence a purchase decisions. A survey questionnaire was administered to a sample of thirty households with children within the target age group of eight to twelve years. The sample was randomly selected from the Berea West Senior Primary School in Berea West, Durban. These families fell into the middle income group. The results confirmed the existence of children’s influence on purchase decisions. The results also revealed that peer influence does play a significant role on children’s choices. However the influence of television featured less prominently. Influence tactics and techniques used by children was also analysed to see which were more frequently used.