Archives-October 2016

Sesame seeds originated in India and neighboring countries. It is flowering plant in genus sesamum. It is widely grown in tropical regions around the world and it is cultivated for its edible seeds which grow. It has many species and wild species are found in sub-Saharan in Africa. Cultivated types Sesame is important oil crops in Somalia where sesame is grown Southern Somalia around rivers. This study tried to investigate the factors influencing on the production of sesame seed in Somalia. The study was guided by the following specific objectives that are the influence of a market, training and value addition on sesame seed production in village farmers of Jowhar and Bal’ad districts. This study took a descriptive research design and statistical analysis. The target population of this study was village farmers in Jowhar and Bal’ad districts while the study population was 85 sesame farmers. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample to be included in the study where a sample size of 70 farmers was chosen. The study employed a questionnaire to collect primary data. The questionnaire comprised of both open and close-ended questions which generated quantitative data. Quantitative data was coded and entered into statistical packages for social scientists (SPSS Version 20.0) and analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics involved the use of absolute and relative (percentages) frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion (mean and standard deviation respectively).Quantitative data was presented in tables and graphs which the explanation to the same was presented in style. The study established that market influences on sesame seed production to a great extant and that train and value addition influence on sesame seed production to a very great extant. The study concluded that market, training and value addition influenced to a very great extant. The study recommended the Ministry of agriculture should improve market price and planning process in production in order to encourage sesame seed growers to increase production of sesame seeds and also should give training on prosper use of local organic manures and crop rotation that indicated high sesame seed production. The study recommended sesame seed growers should increase the use of sesame husks as animal feed over which it contributes farmers to increase sesame seed production. Analysis of variance showed that the factors influencing on sesame production include market, training and value addition which indicated statistically significant as shown by F (70)=12.193, p=0.009. Multivariate analysis was carried out and showed that T(70)=1.909 with value addition with a p=<0.005.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to take part in the Government of his/her country. The empowerment and autonomy of women and the improvement of women's social, economic and political status is essential for the achievement of both transparent and accountable government and administration and sustainable development in all areas of life. The power relations that prevent women from leading fulfilling lives operate at many levels of society, from the most personal to the highly public. Across the world, women are treated unequally and less value is placed on their lives because of their gender. Women?s differential access to power and control of resources is central to this discrimination in all institutional spheres that is the household, community, market, and state. Discrimination against women has resulted in violence and brutality on many women. In Somali, women are systematically discriminated against and subordinated. They face limited inclusion in decision making structures and leadership roles, limited access to reproductive health, higher rates of stigmatization from HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, denial of due process rights, abuse of women's rights in divorce cases, denial of custody of children and denial of women's rights of property ownership and inheritance under customary law.

The purpose of the study was to establish the determinants of poverty in Hodan district in Mogadishu, Somalia. Specifically, the study was necessary to address the following specific objectives that is, To examine the effect of the dependency ratio on poverty in Somalia, To find out the effect of savings on poverty in Somalia, and To investigate the effect of Human Capital on poverty in Somalia. Poverty of Somalia has been a long term recurring problem. Somalia faces a number of major obstacles to development: civil conflict, the lack of a fully functioning central government, and natural calamities such as drought and floods. In addition, the ongoing armed struggle has often prevented much-needed humanitarian assistance from reaching the population. The prominent ones being absence of an active central government, civil disputes, natural calamities like floods and droughts. Poverty in Somalia has increased manifold since 1990. The researcher was used a descriptive survey design method for the study. Survey design is a design in which data is collected using questionnaires. The population of settlers in Hodan district is 114,348 hence the researcher will use Cochran?s formula to yield a representative sample for the proportions. The study was selected a sample of 384 respondents from the different households in Hodan district in Banadir region, Somalia. In getting the sample size, the researcher will use Cochran?s formula to yield a representative sample for the proportions. The researcher will employ percentages and frequencies to analyze the results of questionnaire using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-20). Average dependency due to the high population is high in developing countries in which labour productivity would be low because of inadequate nutritional food, health and education. The last statement on the relationships between poverty and family dependency was whether the personal savings income can lead to a lower level of personal poverty, this aspect was intended to examine the savings of the individual?s role on poverty reducing efforts as the respondents. The conclusions were based on the objectives of the study that determinant of poverty in Hodan distract Mogadishu –Somalia. The result showed the high dependency ratio has facilitated limited or low access to university education among household members causing unemployment in the country. As a result of the massive unemployment, the youth are left with few options for survival but migration or joining armed groups as the alternative for gaining a decent standard of living. The study recommends the adoption of objectives of the study that determinant of poverty in Hodan distract Mogadishu –Somalia. The researcher recommending that Somali Government decrease the unemployment issues because will increase the poverty that would lead money violence and insecurity problems.

The conflicts in Somalia seem to be intractable. Despite the many peace processes, it has not been resolved. Somalia had no effective government since 1991. A transitional government backed by Ethiopian troops threw out Islamists from the capital, Mogadishu, in December 2006, but since then Islamist insurgents have carried out almost daily attacks. The effects of these conflicts have been evident with about 20,000 people fleeing fighting in Mogadishu each month. If this trend continues, the government of Somalia will keep performing poorly due to poor conflict management styles they are employing. This study investigated the Roles of governance on conflict management in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study was guided by the following specific objectives that is, accountability affects on conflict management, adherence to rule of law and adherence to code of ethics in conflict management in Mogadishu. This study took descriptive research design. The target population of this study was 300 management staff in Mogadishu administration where a sample size of 60 managers was chosen. 100% of the respondents responded, this implies that all of the respondents managed to respond to the researcher. Most of the respondents 55% were male. Few respondents were female 45%. This implies that the majority of the respondents were men due to societal beliefs that they are more hardworking than women and thus capable in governance issues on conflict management. The study found out that there is significant relationship between governance and conflict management in Mogadishu was accepted. The study also revealed that the adjusted R2 is .453. This implies that there is significant relationship between the governance and conflict management in Mogadishu was accepted meaning there is a relationship. The study concludes that the availability of information is critical to good governance. Access to information and the promotion of procedural rights provide an enabling framework where accountability and improved delivery could enhance institutional changes.

The internal controls had been an important part if business operations ever since economic activities became large scale to prevent company losses through errors, theft and embezzlement. Internal control are designed to detect fraud before its too late. The general objective of this study would be to determine the effects of internal control systems on fraud detection in Somali commercial banks. Also this study would use a sample of five commercial banks in Mogadishu, namely, Salaam Somali Bank, Dahabshil Bank, Trust African Bank, International Bank of Somalia and premier Bank. Specifically, this study would be evaluating the effects of establishment of responsibilities, segregation of duties, documentation procedures and physical controls on fraud detection in Somali commercial banks. Also this study would use the framework established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commision known shortly as COSO Framework. The study would adopt a descriptive study design in data collection. The target population of this study would be 240 people located at headquarters of the commercial banks. This study would use the stratified random sampling technique. The data collection procedure of this study was through hand picking. The study would use quantitative data collection method whereby data will be gathering by the use of close ended questionnaires which were self administrated. The study would make use of the statistical Package for Social Science (version 20) with hand printed worksheets and Microsoft Excel 2007. To analyse the data regression model would be applied and statistical inference would be made from the output of this procedure. The major findings of this study was that there was a positive relationship between establishment of responsibilities, segregation of duties, documentation process and physical controls and fraud detection of the Commercial Banks in Somalia. The study further recommend the need for the Commercial Banks in Somalia to increase their establishment of responsibility, segregation of duties, documentation procedures, physical controls as it was founded that those variables had positively affects the fraud detection of Commercial Banks in Somalia.

The fishing sector contributes to development and growth in many countries, playing an important role for food security and nutrition, poverty reduction, employment, economic development and trade, fisheries and aquaculture provided livelihoods and income for an estimated 54.8 million people engaged in the primary sector of fish production in 2011. The marine fisheries of Somalia have generally held an important position in the Somali economy and culture. Somalia has a large coastline, covering 3,300 kilometers and a corresponding Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covering 39, 000 kilometers. In 1990, prior to the collapse of the Somali government, fisheries contributed 2 percent of the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP), an estimated $15 million USD per annum, while providing over 18,000 tons of fish for human consumption. The research explores the role of fishers and aquaculture for sustainable development, economic growth and global food security. To determine employment in the fishing industry leads to economic development and the role of fishing in poverty alleviation in Somalia. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of Somalis economy, the principal exports Somalia's Livestock are fish, charcoal, and bananas. Fisheries play an important role in the economy of Somalia in expanding food supply, raising nutritional level, generating employment, and in earning foreign exchange, in order to increase production of fisher industries. It is of this shortage of empirical evidence on the role of fishing in poverty alleviation that the study intends to reveal the role of fishing in economic development of Somalia as this will guide policy formulation on fishing.

The study sought to identify influence of human resource management on the organizational performance of sharia complaint banks in Kenya with specific interest in recruitment, human resource Planning, compensation, training. There was a positive and significant correlation between the variable s in the study.

This project aimed at establishing the drivers of change in commercial banks in Kenya. Drivers of change in the study refer to the reasons that may lead the company to want to bring changes to its normal operations. Change may occur in terms of changing processes, products, services, management style, restructuring, rebranding or policies from legal bodies. Change managers have to come up with plans on how to initiate the change, how to inform the company’s stakeholders and get them to embrace the change and how to finally make it part of the company’s normal operations. The study highlights that change drivers might be changing customer needs, need to keep up with competition, new rules enacted by legal bodies, restructuring and rebranding and new management which brings with it new management styles. In the current economy, banks keep coming up. This brings with it not only new products but different expectations from the market. Growth of the world into a global village also leads to sharing of technology across borders. Banks are not excluded from sectors that share these new technologies. In all this, the main challenge the banks are faced with is change. It is therefore important to not only change but to ensure the changes are effective and successful. The main objective of the study is to analyze the change drivers available and knowing exactly what drives effective change in commercial banks. The study examined theories of change that have previously been highlighted by researchers.

Generally, tourism is seen as an essential component to the growth and well-being of the economy of Mombasa County as whole. The main stakeholders of this industry are; the hotelier, and the Mombasa County local tour operators. Mombasa is the bedrock of the Kenyan tourism industry with a high annual influx of domestic and foreign tourists. There is also presence of wild life activity in Mombasa County with the presence of Bamburi nature trail. There has been a decline in recent years in the sector. Tourism and insecurity have contributed hugely to the dip. This has led to the decline in tourist numbers and thus led to the closure of majority of the hotels in the County which were a major source of employment and commerce for the locals. The presence of dilapidated infrastructure, mainly roads, has made Mombasa County not to be an attractive tourist destination that lives up to its tourist arrivals potential. An example is the Likoni ferry crossing channel which has made the south coast seem inaccessible thus stifling the potential that areas like Shelly beach have. Solutions must be sought to reverse this negative trend. There are strategic factors that will play a key role in ensuring the growth of the tourism sector in Mombasa County. Some examples of these strategic factors are; customer retention strategies, stakeholder participation and capacity building. Chapter one dealt with the introductory part, problem statement, objectives of the research, justification of the study, and scope of the study and limitation of the study. Chapter two of the study is the literature review which mainly deals with an introductory part, theoretical literature, empirical literature, conceptual framework, summary of literature, critique of existing literature and research gaps. Chapter three involved the study research design which used stratified random sampling technique to select the 30% of the target population whereby a random sample from each stratum was taken in a number proportional to the stratum`s size when compared to the population. The subset was then be pooled to form a random sample. The target population of the study was 112 members of staff from tour operators and 280 members of staff from local tourist hotels. The sample size was thus 118 respondents. Semi-structured questionnaires were used in to collect primary data. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data and findings were presented in a prose form. Statistical package for social scientists (SPSS Version 20) was used to analyze quantitative data. The quantitative data was analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Data was then presented in tables, bar-charts and pie-charts. The study showed that there was a clear cause and effect relationship between customer retention strategies and the growth of tourism in Mombasa County. Stakeholder participation played an essential role in ensuring that there is growth in the tourism sector in Mombasa County and capacity building positively affected financial growth of output in the tourism in the county of Mombasa. The study showed that there was an influencing relationship between strategic factors studied in the research and the growth of tourism industry in Mombasa County.

The main focus of the study was to assess the effects of determinants of financial performance on manufacturing firms. The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study examined the effect of capital structure with reference to identify the effect of equity, debentures and retained earnings on financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The research scope focused on manufacturing firms in Kenya. The target population of the study being 199 manufacturing firms in Nairobi County taken to be a representative of all manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study adopted a survey design that was both descriptive and exploratory in collecting data. The key findings were that determinants of financial performance individually had a positive influence on the financial performance of manufacturing firms. The results indicated a moderately significant linear relationship between capital structure and manufacturing firm’s performance. Managers who were consulted about these results attributed the low explanatory power of variables to stiff competition, quality of the product and government policies. The study assists policy makers in coming up with better policies on improvement of financial performance. The study adds to the literature on manufacturing firm’s financial performance.