Archives-October 2013

Obesity has been pointed as a major issue plaguing in the World. Currently the Indian community has more of overweight / obese, people with excess body fat, abdominal adiposity, increased subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat, and deposition of fat in ectopic sites. Fat is still the number one nutritional concern for most people because the continuous consumption of fat may lead to certain major health disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, some types of cancer, high blood cholesterol etc. Evidence suggests that lowering total energy intake along with a reduction in total fat intake can have a substantial impact on body weight and risk of chronic diseases. Thus, the fat replacers have opened the door for a new generation of reduced fat foods that have the taste and texture of the high fat foods that consumers enjoy, without unnecessary calories, cholesterol or fat. By considering the current issue prevailing in India, effort was taken to prepare a modified rice starch to replace fat in certain food products without affecting the taste, texture and flavor. Though 100 percent replacement of fat is impossible it is feasible to reduce the fat content to an acceptable level with the help of modified rice starch.

Lead is poisonous heavy metal which is widely used is industries because of its properties. Lead poisoning is one of the rising problems caused by industrialization. Lead can cause neurological disease, gastrointestinal diseases, and infertility in men and even death in high exposure. Lead and lead compounds are widely used in inks paints and other surface coating agents as colouring agents and adhesive agents. In India use of lead and lead compounds in ink, paint and other surface coating agents are regulated by Bureau of Indian Standards. Permissible level of lead in ink is 1000 ppm (0.1%) according to BIS and 600ppm (0.06%) according to US regulations. In this study widely used offset printing inks of 6 manufactures are collected and analysed for lead content (4 colours of each company, CMYK). It was found that international companies have much lower amount of lead compare to Indian manufacturers. Indian companies have very high level of lead in it and they did not meet the specification given by BIS. As extension of study BLL of printing press workers were examined, it was found that workers who handle these Indian company inks have very high level of lead compare to workers who handle international company inks.

The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between export and economic growth for the Iranian economy over the period of 1966-2006. The study applies several econometric techniques that involve: unit root test, cointegration test, impulse response function (IRF), and Toda & Yamamoto (1995) causality test. The findings of the unit root test indicate that two variables are stationary in their levels. Result of cointegration confirms the existence of the long run relationship between export and growth in Iranian economy. Finally, the finding of Toda and Yamamoto test indicate the bidirectional causality between export and growth.

The country, Kenya, has implemented a policy of free primary education. This is meant to make basic formal education accessible to all. These considerations need to be looked at against the backdrop of the tenets agreed on by Education for All (EFA) and the Education Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The year agreed on for attaining these goals is 2015 and it is fast approaching. In the year 2000, at the World Forum on Education in Dakar, Senegal, over one thousand participants agreed to work cooperatively to help developing nations achieve six education-related goals. Among the goals were, “a call to support early childhood education… basic life skills, adult literacy … and education quality.”

Special relativity (SR) in the presence of the gravitational field is obtained from the expression of invariant length and a photon equation of motion. Two expressions explain both mass and energy are obtained; one is generalized special relativity (GSR), the other is of Savickas. The (GSR) model is more realistic than Savickas since it is based on the effect of gravity on time which is not recognized by Savickas expression. Moreover (GSR) model predicts pair production phenomena and its equations of motion which are reduced to Newton's second law. Using the equation of motion of the electron in the electromagnetic (E.M) as a simple expression for the total momentum the sum of photon and electron mechanical momentum was found.

This paper is aimed at understanding the critical issues like urbanization, population growth, transport demand, growth of vehicles, and air pollution in Urban India. The trends in urban growth are discussed along with the impact of high urban population growth rates on various facets like transport demand, GDP, and its impact on the urban society’s wellbeing. Rapid motorization and urbanization can bring many issues that can endanger the sustainability of Indian cities. This paper reviews the existing urban environmental problems, poor transport system and increasing accidents rate and suggests that High speed railways will be an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly transportation system which can make urban India more sustainable.

Patharia forest is situated near the north of Tropics of Cancer on Vindhyan peaks. The forest is a dry deciduous forest .It has a undulating topography with low rising hills scattered all round. The average monthly minimum and maximum temperatures are 11.1°C and 25°C in January and 40°C and 44°C in June. Forest is dominated by Tectona grandis,, Butea monosprma, Accacia sp. etc., and ground floara consist of Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, Euphorbia geniculata, Heteropogon contortum, Cyanadon dactylon, Biophytum sensitivum, Cassia tora etc. Occurrence of various shapes, sizes, colours of mushrooms in the forest suggest that climatic conditions together with forest waste provides conducive environment to these mushrooms. Present studies deals with the diversity of mushrooms in Patharia forest. After survey of Patharia forest which has been done during the period of July 2012-July 2013, there are number of wild mushrooms were collected but only 18 mushroom species which belong to 12 families are identified viz. Tyromyces caesius, Coprinus saccharinus, Clavaridelphus sp., Tremets elegans, Schizophyllum commune, Macrolepiota procera, Geastrum triplx Polyporous sp.,Lepiota caerulescens, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus,Macolepiota sp., Tricoloma sp., Pleuteus sp Ganoderma sp., Pluteus flavofuligineus, Fomoptopsis pinicola Stereum hirsutum,Coltricia sp.

This descriptive - analytical study using a document library and field studies aimed at identifying areas of effective In formation and development of strategies to deal with violence and consequently predicts took the field in 1391(2012). Violence tends to be short, areas are divided into four categories, this area include: Biological, psychological, social and cultural rights Most significant trends in the social context of violence and the social dimension, Structural disparities major role in people's attitudes to violence, especially violence and individual and group social uprisings. The main tool to deal with violence in society in terms of social trends, strategies that aim to reduce the level of structural disparities And the political and economic practices largely into two categories fit. In addition, specific skills training, life skills training, especially for handling anger plays a key role in curbing the violence. The practice of religious teachings and rituals can help people more effectively with stressful situations likely to be encountered.

The observation that mother-to-child transmission of HIV can occur through breastfeeding has resulted in policies that recommend avoidance of breastfeeding by HIV infected women under specific circumstances in developing countries. We aim to estimate the present rate of HIV infected mothers who practice exclusive breast feeding in a tertiary level hospital in India. This cross sectional study examined practices of 82 counseled HIV mothers by using structured and open ended questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 .Our results showed that 58.6% (n=48) of mothers practiced exclusive breast feeding. 24.6% (n =12) of women were concerned about the social repercussions if they did not breast-feed, whereas 16.3% (n=8) stated they could not ensure hygienic food preparation. Breast feeding is the most community accepted feeding practice in India. Due to the lack of hygienic conditions, poor economic status and the risk of social repercussions breast-feeding should be promoted for HIV women.

The effect of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity of two dimensional flow of a micropolar fluid in a porous channel is investigated. The flow is driven by suction or injection at the channel walls and the micropolar model due to Erigen is used to describe the working fluid. An extension of Berman’s similarity transform is used to reduce the governing equations to get non-linear coupled differential equations. The equations governing the motion, angular momentum and energy are solved numerically by Runga-Kutta shooting technique. The graphs are plotted for velocity distribution, temperature distribution and microrotation distribution for various values of non-dimensional parameters. It is found that the effects of the parameters giving variable property of viscosity and thermal conductivity are significant.