Archives-October 2013

In recent years, the use of pesticides in agriculture has been increasing steadily. The pesticides which are liberated into the aquatic environment have a deleterious effect on fish and subsequently to man. Pyrethroids insecticides, including lambda-cyhalothrin (trade name Karate) are widely used for the control of insect pests all over the world to increase the production of food grain and other agricultural products. It may also be used in public health applications to control insects such as cockroaches, mosquitoes, ticks and flies may act as a disease vector. However, with the steadily increasing use of lambda-cyhalothrin, there is an urgent need to identify their possible effects on living organisms. Majority of the studies concerning effects of pesticide have been confined to the acute toxicity tests with the death of fish as an end point. Acute toxicity tests aimed at estimating the effect of toxicants on organisms in a short period of time. The static bioassay procedure was used to study the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on Etroplus suratensis. The experimental fish E.suratensis were exposed to different concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin. Ten healthy fishes were introduced into each concentration and the mortality was observed after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs of exposure. The 96 hrs LC50 value of lambda-cyhalothrin to E.suratensis was 0.107 ppm respectively. The results showed that, the mortality rate of E.suratensis increased with the increase in the concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin, but, this phenomenon was not observed in control. Based on the result, lambda-cyhalothrin is highly toxic to Etroplus suratensis, therefore its use near fish farms or in areas close to aquatic bodies should not be encouraged.

Uses of Wireless sensor networks have been widely seen in the fields of target detection and tracking, environmental monitoring, industrial process monitoring, and tactical systems. In wireless sensor networks nodes work with an incomplete power source, energy efficient operations in an important factor of the nodes in wireless sensor network. Energy conservation plays important role in different layers of the TCP/IP protocol suit, and for MAC layer it is the effective part. Therefore, to work in wireless communicating sensors network, we use MAC protocol which improve energy efficiency by increasing sleep duration, decreasing idle listening and overhearing, and eliminating hidden terminal problem or collision of packets. In this paper First section we describe the accessible energy –efficient MAC protocols for sensor networks their energy saving method. In Second section we discuss the architecture of same protocols and then compare same protocols depending on their Advantages and Disadvantages.

This research paper portrays the automatic energy management system. Solar energy is used as alternate renewable energy and the energy obtained from solar energy can be directly utilized as dc supply for handling dc machines. The DC power is further converted to AC with the help of inverter. This process takes place automatically with the help of advanced microcontroller. The microcontroller is programmed in such a way to detect the kind of power supply needed for machines (i.e.) whether AC or DC supply. If there is no need of power supply to the machines solar energy can be directly stored in the battery for later use. This technique is applicable for both in residential and industries purpose. For the implementation of the system PIC microcontroller is used and simulation is done by Keil C µ Vision 4 software is applied for different mode of operations. In order to reduce the bus bars and wastage of power, this system provides a solution to operate efficiently into different modes. The result of our research idea will be done in Keil C software.

The paper studies in tandem, the application of Text-Mining to Social Media platforms such as Social Networking Sites and Blogs. The research design incorporates triangulated use of a single case study approach to figure out through cluster analysis whether consumer insights can be captured for an organization through the use of Text-Mining software. The research argues favorably in theory and reveals numerically that through Text-Mining Software we can acquire novel consumer insights for the new Product Development (NPD) Process. The research tries to open a new avenue for market researchers to collect consumer insights for forming and revising their social media campaigns. The research leaves issues such as complete applicability and appropriate choice of software for further studies.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of degree to which a Q- fuzzy subset is a Q- fuzzy group by means of the implication operator of [0,1]. A Q-fuzzy subset A in a group G is a Q- fuzzy group if and only if its subgroup degree dg(A) = 1. Some properties of subgroup degree are investigated.

Based on a well-known saying in the field of language teaching, teaching language is nothing but teaching culture. This study is also another evidence for this saying. In other words, the aim of this study was, in fact, to highlight the role of teaching foreign language culture in language learning and teaching. To conduct the intended purpose, two questionnaires were distributed among the student and teacher participants of the study in Shiraz, Iran. The purpose of using the two questionnaires was to find out first, to what extent teachers and students are aware of the role of foreign culture awareness in language learning and teaching; and second, to what extent does teachers are aware of the strategies and techniques of teaching foreign language culture and how students benefit from it. The study revealed that first, both students and teachers do believe that culture and language are inseparable and second, teachers were able to conduct strategies and techniques of teaching foreign language culture to emphasize it in class. The study also provides a few implications regarding the culture and language teaching.

The study considered the impact of auto- mechanic activity on underground well water in Ado- Ekiti. Physico-chemical and heavy metal status were determined in water samples from four auto-mechanic workshops and control site in Ado- Ekiti. Samples were collected for both dry and wet season. The results showed that pH for both season ranged from 5.92 - 7.89, temperature ( 21.0 - 28.00 C), conductivity (232 - 456 µms/cm), dissolved oxygen DO ( 3.98 - 5.19 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand COD (10.1 - 14.4 mg/L), Turbidity (12.8 - 30.4 NTU ), sulphate (5.17 - 9.05 mg/L), total hardness (160 - 360 mg/L), suspended solids (62.0 - 142 mg/L), total solids TS (100 - 480 mg/L), total dissolved solids (200 - 420 mg/L), chloride (78.1 - 208 mg/L), alkalinity (12.1 - 26.5 mg/L CaCO3) and acidity (0.16 - 0.28 mg/L CaCO3). The turbidity levels in all the samples were high when compared with maximum permissible level while most of the physio-chemical parameters fall within the WHO standard for drinking water. Zn, Cr, Pb , Cd, Cu and Fe concentration for both season ranged from 0.8095 - 1.3921, 0.0002 - 0.0009, 0.0014 - 0.0036, 0.0016 - 0.0136, 0.9099 - 1.8552 and 0.1862 - 09.4623 mg/L, respectively. Cadmium was slightly higher than maximum permissible level for drinking water when compared with WHO standard. On pair wise comparison using linear correlation rxy at P0.05 n-2=4, there were significant difference in the concentration of heavy metals and the control samples for both seasons. The result also showed that at P0.05 n-2=12, the physico- chemical parameters for both dry and wet seasons for the four wells were significantly different when compared with control samples.

Ecofeminist theorists advocate the subsistence perspective as the lone solution for all postcolonial problems. Booker Prize winning Indian English writers Arundhathi Roy and Kiran Desai are analysed as having subscribed to the requirements of the ecofeminists .Far from the accepted surmise of these writers as having given a morbid picture of the postcolonial scenario, it is concluded that there is indeed a solution on offer- the retrieval of the female principle which is rooted in the connectedness of nature comprising its entire gamut of flora and fauna. The novels analysed are ‘The God Of Small Things’ and ‘The Inheritance of Loss.’

Post colonial literature in India has close connection with subalternity and ecofeminist questions. Memory novels help us in revisiting the past which will yield positive results. Colonization has witnessed cultural transgression and this has ultimately brought about losses, culminating in the question of identity. Arundhathi Roy and Kiran Desai are Booker prize winning female fictionists who have tried to map the post coloniality that exists in our country. They track all traces of despair in the society and reach the conclusion that it is a big mistake to infer that the subaltern cannot speak.

Identified the activity of chitinases enzyme from the gut content of mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, is a novel study. Fish was collected from the Nilgiris district of Western Ghats, India was acclimatized and reared in the laboratory. Dissected guts were homogenized and centrifuged under ice cold condition. Enzyme activity was estimated by adopting calorimetric method. Gut extract chitinases showed positive results of bio-physical and bio-chemical properties and its optimum activity were observed at pH 6.3, temperature around 32oC and substrate concentration was 0.6 U/g. Chitinase is more active in the near acidic than alkaline pH and suggestive of enzyme secrets in the foregut of the fish and it can be assumed as fish origin. Mosquito fish introduction is being a major cause of bio-diversity decline in any fresh water ecosystem, can be used as chitinase enzyme source instead of using in mosquito control. Further studies on mosquito fish chitinase enzyme purification may open the possibility of industrial uses.