Archives-November 2015

The experimental and theoretical study on the structure and vibrations 1h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole have been carried out by DFT/B3LYPand DFT/LSDA method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Utilizing the observed FT-IR and FT-Raman data, a complete vibrationalassignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the title compounds were carried out. The vibrational frequencies which determined experimentally and compared with thosetheoretical frequencies from force field calculation based on B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method. Stability of the compound arising from hyper conjugative interactions and charged localization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital analysis. The 1H and 13C nuclear magneticresonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the compounds were calculated by the gauge independentatomic orbital (GIAO) method and compared with experimental results.

Mancozeb is a synthetic pesticide which has been used for decades. It is used to hinder the growth of fungi and plants against damage. Pesticides access aquatic ecosystems via ground waters and affect water quality and aquatic life. In our study, investigation the histopathological effects of mancozeb on intestine tissue of zebrafish were aimed. Degeneration and expansion at villi structure and increase in the number of goblet cells, mucus accumulation and expansion in muscular layer were detected at exposure groups. Depending on the increased number of leukocytes enteritis was monitored.

Two field experiments were carried out at Arab El-Awammer Research Station, Agric. Res. Center Assiut Governorate during winter seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The present study assessed the effect of crop sequence and nitrogen fertilization on productivity of wheat. The experimental treatments were four crop sequences with three nitrogen fertilizer rates. Treatments were arranged in a factorial experiment 3×4 based on a RCBD with four replications. These results suggest that the sequence of cowpea / clover / wheat and the sequence of cowpea + maize / clover / wheat produced the maximum yield and its components of wheat as compared with the other sequences. Naturally Occurring Biological Control Agents (NOBCA) the maximum number of agents was existed in the sequences of cowpea / clover / wheat and cowpea + maize / clover / wheat. The lowest number was existed in the sequence of maize / wheat. The present research proved that the two promising sequences contributed so much in increasing the cropping area. Therefore, the cropping index was increased to be 2.87 or 3.39 in the year for the two sequences of cowpea / clover / wheat and cowpea + maize / clover / wheat, respectively. These values are considered to be more than the traditional index in Egypt which is 1.73. The net return from the sequence of cowpea + maize / clover / wheat was the highest when compared with the other sequences. Thus increasing the cropping area which increased the cropping index caused an increase in the net return.

Realism depicts subjects related to secular, empirical rules and it begins from the place where truth can be discovered by the individual through the senses. But the inner thought of human mind windows through the vision of fantasy and finds exuberance.

Soils inherently low in nutrients may respond dramatically to conservation management, yet evaluation of soil nutrients on absolute basis may not detect change. This study was primarily aimed at investigating the depth distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil carbon: nitrogen ratio (C:N), soil dry bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and their stratification ratios as affected by conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) under cocoyam in a Typic paleudult in two agroenvironments in southeastern Nigeria. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resource Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani Enugu (06?52' N, 07?15' E) and The Research and Experimental farm of Enugu State College of Agriculture and Agro-Entrepreneurship, Iwollo (06026'N; 07016'E), respectively during 2013 and 2014 planting season. The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Block (RCBD) with five replications and four treatments which comprised of conventional tillage with 150 and 300 Kg/ha of NPK15:15:15 and No-Tillage with 150 and 300 Kg/ha of NPK15:15:15. Soil analysis was carried out at both pre- and post planting at two soil depths (0-20cm and 20-40cm) in both locations. The data collected was analyzed using Analysis of variance test (ANOVA). Result showed that Conventionally-tilled plots that received 300 Kg/ha NPK had 0.121percent N. This plot had between 7% - 30% lower N content when compared to No-till plots amended with both 300 and 150 Kg/ha for 2013 and 2014 planting season. The results showed that No-till plots had significantly higher (18-43%) post-harvest percent soil nitrogen, organic carbon and carbon: nitrogen content when compared to conventionally-tilled plots at both 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil depths. The stratification ratio of N (1.09-2.14 and 1.02-2.29 for CT and NT respectively), OC (CT, 1.10-3.07; NT, 1.01-2.42) and C:N ( CT, 0.79-3.02; NT, 0.74-1.99) whereas stratification ratio of bulk density (CT,0.72-0.98; NT, 0.74-0.99), total porosity (CT, 0.98-1.20; NT, 0.90-1.22) and hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)(CT,1.07-1.29; NT, 1.03-1.49) for both sites and years did not follow any particular trend. This implies that soils vary in inherent properties and that absolute values of soil properties at the surface can vary. However, a reference is needed to separate inherent from management-induced changes. Generally taller plants (P>0.05) were found in Conventionally-till plots when compared with No-till plots. At harvest (210 DAP), the highest corm yield was obtained in Conventionally-tilled with 300kg/ha N plots which gave 8.58 and 7.83t/ha in Iwollo site for 2013 and 2014 planting season respectively followed by no-till treated 300kg/ha of NPK which also had 6.58 and 6.00t/ha. Conventionally-tilled plots amended with 300kg/ha N had 35% and 36% higher yield when compared with No-till plots amended with 150kg/ha of NPK plots for 2013 and 2014 planting season. The high yield advantage of Conventionally-tilled with 300kg/ha N over the other treatments may be due to differences in tillage practices and N fertilization rates. Tillage and fertilization helped increase the rate of crop emergence, improved soil moisture status, soil air (aeration), and improved general edaphic conditions of plants resulting in better yields. The relatively high stratification ratio of soil organic C, and some other soil properties, implies that conservation tillage and fertilizer application can compensate to some degree for the removal of above-ground plant residues

In most developing tropical countries the food situation is worsening, predictions of future food needs based on the current rates of population increase and food production emphasize the need to explore the vast number of less familiar plant resources existing in the wild which could be good sources of nutrients. Proximate analysis and mineral composition of five wild seeds (Borassus aethiopum, Bombacopsis glabra, Entada africana, Entadas gigas and Myrianthus arboreus ) were carried out. Proximate analysis showed moisture content ranged between 1.50% to 3.00%, ash 2.00% to 4.69%, fat was between 2.06% to 34.46%, fibre between 0.99% to 4.92%, Protein between 4.40% to 44.86% and carbohydrate between 34.78% to 80.93 %. Mineral analysis revealed that the seeds contained minerals such as Ni, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe, in abundance that ranges between 4.30 mg/100g Cr in E africana to 98.50a ?0.50 mg/100g Ni in B. aethiopum.

Responders who search and rescue people in collapsed buildings and structures face individual and organizational challenges. These challenges are surmountable if responders and their institutions tactically endeavor to address them so that more lives are saved. This study sought to determine strategic options for the improvement of response during urban search and rescue. Findings revealed that many responders and organizations lacked code of conduct for responders and were financially and materially deficient during deployment and therefore relied on partnership and collaborations from other first line response organizations to be able to effectively carryout their work.

Effective administrative practices including budget is continually redefined by states, districts, and schools. The administration attempts to keep up with all changes and meet with the expectations such as reconstructing the budget. Furthermost, the school budgeting practices are within a collaborative decision-making context which include the manners to link educational goal development to management. Panic began in New Jersey when Governor Christie (R) cut $1B in education budget in 2010 (Corbett, 2010; Chakrabarti & Sutherland 2012) and again announced $1.6 billion cut in 2013 (Shinski 2013). This action meant that not only many teachers were discharged but also programs were eliminated. When schools face massive cuts, prioritization and measuring the possibilities started by administrators. In a small measure this paper examines the effects of reducing school budgets and approaches to proceed successful educational programs with concentrating on New Jersey public education. The effects of reducing school budgets.

First line response organization personnel are critical during urban search and rescue because they rescue people trapped in collapsed building structures. Having highly trained and motivated human resource is essential in these situations as they are relied to search and rescue people. The aim of this study was to determine the human resource capacity of first line response organisations during urban search and rescue in Nairobi and Mombasa City Counties that have in recent past witnessed residential and commercial buildings collapsing with many lives lost and huge losses in investment. Findings revealed that majority of responders did not have formal technical expertise in urban search and rescue

This paper proposes a distributed Quality of Service (QoS) oriented routing algorithm for hybrid wireless network. The wireless applications are demanding robust networks with end to end QoS requirements. Hybrid wireless networks will be the best next generation network. So providing QoS routing algorithm for such networks is on demand research. Here the QoS-Oriented Distributed routing protocol (QOD) is proposed to enhance the QoS support of hybrid wireless networks. This protocol consists of 6 algorithms. 1. Neighbor selection algorithm 2. Malicious Node Detection 3.Packet scheduling 4. Node mobility speed based packet assigning, 5. Packet data compression deflate algorithm 6.Tra?c redundancy elimination algorithm. The simulation results show that packet delay, packet loss is getting improved.