Archives-November 2014

Expired drug (non-toxic characteristics) was used as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl medium was studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods. Effect of temperature was investigated at temperature range (303-343 K).The obtained results reveals that, the inhibition efficiency increases with increases of concentration of the inhibitor. Polarization curves indicated that they are mixed – type of inhibitor. The data collected from Thermodynamic studied are in good agreement to confirm the ability of using expired LF drug acts as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid corrosive medium.

Lipids play a nutritional physiological role by providing an efficient source of energy and essential fatty acids. As the freshwater bivalves are the filter feeder the role of Mantle is very efficient. A seasonal change in endogenous and exogenous factors in freshwater bivalves requires more energy and is control by various ganglion such as cerebral, visceral and pedal, The lipid content in control group mussels was significantly maximym 5.9313+0.04 mg/100mg during post- monsoon and minimum during the winter season. In cerebralectomizes group the content was significantly higher in unilaterally cerebralectomized mussel during the post- monsoon as compared to control, hence the present investigation was undertaken to study the impact of cerebral ganglia on lipid content in mantle of freshwater mussel Lamellidens Corrianus, during different season.

Hypothetical proteins predicted from nucleic acid and which have not shown any chemical evidence in the genome. In this study, we elaborated the functional and structural molecular model of the hypothetical protein of Trichomoniasis vaginalis. Functional annotation was carried out by using Pfam, SMART, CDD and BLAST. The conceptual three-dimensional structure has been investigated, since there was no structure available in any of the databases. We predicted the structure of hypothetical protein in Trichomonas vaginalis by using the comparative modeling approach. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to characterize its structural and dynamic feature at 10 ns by using the GROMACS. In the end the simulated model was validated with different web servers SAVES, WHAT IF, PorSA, iPAB. We observed this hypothetical protein was involved in asparagine biosynthesis performing catalytic activity. These findings are essential in reducing the gap between the deficiencies of annotation and crucial biosynthetic pathways and may be endorse in relational drug designing of molecules of structure function studies.

Radiation that coming from the natural radionuclides such as 226Ra (238U), 228Ra (232Th) and 40K can cause health risks if exposed for longer terms. The activity and radiological effect parameters of these natural radionuclides were determined in rock samples from Bukit Bunuh. The results of measurements showed that the average activity concentration of 226Ra varied from 22.5 to 42.3 Bq kg-1, for 228Ra, it varied from 1.2 to 3.5 Bq kg-1 and for 40K, it varied from 274.3 to 438.2 Bq kg-1. Based on the available data, the radiation hazard parameter is calculated. The external gamma dose rate calculated from the concentration of the three radionuclides ranged from 29.8 to 38.7 nGy h-1. Three calculated parameters from the activity concentration values, i.e. the radium equivalent activity (Raeq) range between 59.3 and 78.6 Bq kg-1 (mean 68.1 Bq kg-1), the representative level index (I?r) range between 0.46 and 0.59 (mean 0.50) and the external hazard index (Hex) range between 0.17 and 0.21 (mean 0.20). This is well below the recommended value of 370 Bq kg-1 (for Raeq) and unity (for Hex). The annual effective dose rate of the areas was determined to be between 0.037 and 0.048 mSv y-1. The results show that there are no significant health hazards to humans.

The paper analyzed the socio economic characteristics of charcoal marketers in Bodija market of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data was used for the study. The data was collected using structured questionnaires administered to 57 charcoal marketers from different parts of the market. Data were collected on the socio-economic characteristics of the marketers such as age, marital status, educational status, gender, cost and returns. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data and regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between gross margin and socio economic characteristics of the marketers. The result indicated that most of the marketers fall between two age groups which are the active age group (21-40 years) and the aged ( >50 years). Female (73.7%) dominated charcoal market in the study area. Similarly, 73.7% of the marketers were married and used the business to support their home. One- fourth of the marketers have no formal education. Majority has primary and secondary school education (68.4%) and only 7% has tertiary education. Marketing is very important for any marketers to flourish in charcoal business with a minimum of 1-5 years experience. Yoruba is the dominating tribe in charcoal business in the study area. Wholesalers (42.1%), retailers (29.8%) and those that act as both wholesalers and retailers altogether, that is, wholesaler/retailers (26.3%) are mostly found actively engaged in charcoal business in the study area with only 1.8% of the producer/ processors. Charcoal market association is very strong in the study area as 98.2% of the marketers are aware of the association and fully participate as members. Sex, marital status and amount of capital set up owned by the marketers have significant impacts on the gross margin realized in the business. It is therefore recommended that there should be the creation of proper awareness on the prospect of charcoal business among young people; this will be an avenue to alleviate the scourge of unemployment in the study area and in the country at large.

Nanocrystalline lead sulphide thin films have been deposited on glass substrates from chemical baths containing lead acetate, sodium hydroxide, ammonia and thiourea at a bath temperature of 90 0C and a pH of about 12. Three different samples were prepared with deposition times of 30, 45 and 60 minutes respectively. The films were characterized using a variety of techniques. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that all the films were polycrystalline in nature with the diffraction peaks indexed to the face centered cubic structure. The deposition time strongly influenced the preferred orientations of the crystallites as well as structural parameters such as average crystallite size, strain and dislocation density. SEM micrographs of all the films showed a highly compact surface composed of sharp-edged cubic shaped grains of different sizes. The elemental compositions of the films were confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The optical band gap of the films decreased from 1.32 eV to 1.10 eV with increasing deposition time.

Carbon fibers have been considered as so important reinforcements for aluminum alloys in manufacturing advanced composite materials. Composite materials have been used in automobile, ships aircraft, sports goods and so on. This study discussed the experimental results on tensile strength and modulus of three samples, at different orientations and constant volume fraction of 60% of carbon fibers reinforced aluminum matrix composites at low temperatures. Several experimental tests have been carried out at longitudinal (0°) and transverse (90°) directions of composite specimens using an environmental test chamber with a universal testing machine. Thermo-mechanical tensile loads at strain rate of (0.0015 s-1) were applied to carbon fiber/Aluminum laminates at room temperature (RT=23 0C, zero 0C, -15 0C and -30 0C). The results indicated that low temperatures have a significant effect on mechanical properties i-e tensile and modulus. It was found that the tensile strength for sample S1 reduced as the temperature decrease for both directions while S2 didn’t effect by low temperatures in transverse direction but the strength was reduced at -30 0C by 10% compared to RT in longitudinal direction. It was also observed that for S3, the tensile strength was reduced at -30 0C for both directions. The modulus of the three samples was increased as the temperature reduced. The experimental results also indicated that the strength and modulus for the three samples are higher in longitudinal laminates compared to transverse laminates at low temperatures.

This study aimed to compare the effect of balance training methods including core stability, plyometrics and their combination on static and dynamic balance in female futsal players. To this end, a number of 60 female futsal players from Shahrekord city were selected as the participants using purposive sampling method. Then the subjects were randomly assigned into four groups each with 15 members including three experimental groups (core stability training (N=15), plyometric training (N=15) and combination training (N=15)) and a control group (N=15). Height, weight and leg length were measured in the subjects. In the pretest, the subjects performed Stork Test and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) to examine their static and dynamic balance performance, respectively. Based on the training protocol, the experimental groups did 8 weeks of their assigned exercise training. The training sessions were held three times a week and 45 minutes per session. The control subjects performed their routine trainings. After eight weeks, all variables were measured in the four groups again. Paired t test was run for within-group comparison, and one-way ANOVA was used for between-group comparison. The results showed that combination training group achieved the best performance in both static and dynamic balance comparing with other groups. Based on the present findings, it can be concluded that a combination of core stability and plyometric exercises may improve static and dynamic balance in female futsal players. Thus, it is recommended that these exercises be included in training programs for futsal players.

Menstrual cycle is an integral part of women’s fertility period. Although having a minor pain during menstruation is normal, severe pain could not be considered normal. During years of adolescence and youth having severe menstruation pains is the main reason for absence of women from work and school, thus it is important to pay attention to its reasons and solutions for reducing it. The current research general aim is comparing the effect of 12-week Kegel exercises and stretching exercises on pain and quality of life of females aging 18 to 25 suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. In this research which was a quasi-experimental study, 60 individuals (20.21 years±1.85) from single girls of Bandar Abbas who visited clinics because of severe pain of menstruation from 2012 to 2013 were chosen through completing Evaluation Form of Primary Dysmenorrhea, Visual Analogue Scale (NRS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire and they were randomly divided in to two groups of experimental group (Kegel exercises and stretching exercises) and control group. Exercises were 12 weeks long, 3 sessions per week, 2 times a day and each time for 10 to 15 minutes, and also after 12 weeks again the McGill Pain Questionnaire was distributed among 3 groups. Analysis results of repeating the measurements showed that Kegel exercise and stretching exercise are effective on reducing the severity and duration of menstrual pain. Also results showed that the effect of Kegel exercises on reducing severity and duration of menstrual pain is more than the stretching exercises. Based on these results, Kegel exercise and stretching exercise result in reducing the severity and duration of pain of primary dysmenorrhea. Thus perhaps it is possible to use Kegel exercises and stretching exercises for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

This paper will deal with the developed wing for the Flying Bike in order to provide the maximum lift in a short takeoff and also to maintain the coefficient of lift for smooth landing, for this the development is carried out with the NACA 4 Digit Airfoil series concept on considering Flat Bottom Airfoil as already in use for sail planes and A-18 Airfoil for Small wind turbines, which have significant results on various models of airfoil but the appropriate one is to be chosen among the symmetrical and flat bottomed airfoil for the best flying concept with minimum drag and maximum speed in air. Also we find airfoil everywhere like in wings, tail surfaces (vertical fin and horizontal stabilizer), Propellers and turbofans, helicopters rotors, compressors and turbines, wind turbines, hydrofoils wing like devices which can lift the water boat above water.