Archives-November 2012

The study aimed at exploring the strategies used for classroom management at graduation level in National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad. Classroom management is a skill every teacher needs to posses to bring about a positive change in students behavior to learn effectively. The sample of the study was 30 teachers of different departments of National University of Modern languages, whose grades ranges from 18BPS to 19 BPS and professional experiences ranges from 1 to 25 years. A questionnaire was used to collect the data which included 17 closes ended and 3 open ended questions. The study revealed that teachers are using multiple management strategies in the classroom; it also concludes that teachers are aware of the significance of classroom management strategies.

Education may be regarded both as a science and an art since it consists of theoretical as well as practical knowledge and skills derived through various artistic and scientific methods. Like other science subjects, education also needs logic. So educate the children scientifically by teaching them the exact pronunciations of the alphabets. An English alphabet should be pronounced exactly as it is pronounced in a word known as “Qadir’s Pronunciation” of Alphabet. Similarly, Urdu Hija should also be pronounced exactly as it is pronounced in a word known as “Qadir’s Pronunciation” of Urdu Hija.

Sovereignty is one of the four attributes of statehood. Earlier it was known as capacity of a government to enter into relations with other states. Sovereignty is at the core of international system. Therefore, in this paper the author seeks to trace the origin of the concept diving into the history. For this purpose the author takes into account the circumstances prevailing in Greek city-states, Rome city, Mourya Empire, Gupta Empire, feudal system, Holy Roman Empire, etc and the opinions of various jurists and thinkers have also been included and pondered upon so as to find out the contents of the concept. The paper reveals when the concept was recognised and who used the term ‘sovereignty’ for the first time and what type of power and freedom have been said to be its essential ingredients.

Design of proportional integral and derivative (PID) controllers for unstable SOPTDZ (Second Order Plus Time Delay with a Zero) system with a negative/positive zero is difficult. If zero is positive, it shows an inverse response. A simple method is proposed to design proportional integral and derivative controllers for such systems. The proposed controller is applied to the various unstable transfer function models of exothermic CSTR, an isothermal CSTR carrying out an autocatalytic reaction and crystallizer. Simulation results on linear model equations of exothermic CSTR, an isothermal CSTR carrying out an autocatalytic reaction and crystallizer are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed PID controller. The performance of proposed controller in terms of integral square error (ISE), integral absolute error (IAE) and integral time weighted absolute error (ITAE) is compared with the literature reported data.

This paper examines the contribution of contemporary innovation practices in management to organizational success, nowadays management practice innovation is at the top of the strategic agenda of corporations. In fact, the current catch phrases of ‘creative response' and 'innovation’ can be traced back to the entrepreneurship school and the cultural school since they are the nature of innovation, the inherent logic of innovation. Innovation is crucial both to the survival and growth of businesses and to their Competitive positions although businesses can be as innovative as their rivals and play a "dynamic complementary" Organizational creation is fundamental to the process of innovation, it constitutes part of the system that produces it. The ability of an organization to innovate is a pre-condition for the successful utilization of inventive resources and new technologies. Conversely, the introduction of new technology often presents complex opportunities and challenges for organizations, leading to changes in managerial practices and the emergence of new organizational forms. Organizational and technological innovations are intertwined, organizational changes, alongside new products and processes, as well as new markets.

In this work, radon concentration in the 22 air positions and 8 water samples of Neyshabur Turquoise (Firoozeh) mine has been measured with PRASSI system.
Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum, with the chemical formula CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈+4H₂O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gem and ornamental stone for thousands of years because of its unique hue.
Radon is a radioactive gas with two radioisotopes- 220 and 222 mass number- has short decay half-life produced form ²³⁸U natural series and ²³²Th natural series. The radon gas can enter to the body via respiring, drinking and eating. The alpha emitted by this gas and other radiation emitted by its daughters increase the effective absorbed dose in respiratory and digestion systems.
We have measured and evaluated the effective radon dose rate from the air for the workers who cave in the mine effective dose per liter of drinking water samples. The result shows that the mean effective doses for air per hour and from water per liter are 1.2 ?Sv/h and 63 nSv/l, respectively.

The Cu(II) , Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes of Schiff base 6-bromo-N’-(1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidine)-2-oxo-2H-chromen -3-carbohydrazide has been synthesized and characterized by various spectral techniques. The complexes were prepared by reacting the ligand and metal chloride of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) in ethanol to get a series of mononuclear complexes. The complexes were characterized by CHN analysis, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility, IR, NMR, ESR, UV-Vis and X-ray Powder diffraction studies. By these spectral studies it is found that Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes have exhibited octahedral geometry where as the other Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II), complexes have exhibited square pyramidal geometry. The ligand and its metal complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial activities. The prepared ligand shows low activity and its metal complexes shows moderate to good activity.

The purpose of this theoretical paper is to relate the Marxian modes of production to the development of the economy of Bengal basin with particular emphasis on the nation known as Bangladesh. Data for this study were obtained from existing literatures on Marxian modes of production and the economic history of Bengal basin as well. The methodology heavily relied on existing previous literatures on the subject being dealt with. The findings indicate that the co-existence of the urban, and the now technical industrial sectors, where the service economy and the hard-goods manufacture have little or no relationship with the geography and climatology of the land, is not treated by Marx, and there is no mixed-mode which analogizes the reality of the Bangladesh economy. Further existence of the real possibility of continued mass natural disasters in this land, and the truth of the population density and oppression of the power of the land to feed its own population, cannot be collated into any given mode of production.

The energy use and influences of energy inputs on output levels in corn grain production were investigated. For this purpose, the data on 100 corn grain production farms in the Khozestan province, Iran, were collected and analyzed. The output level was specified as a function inputs and output, and ordinary least squares were employed to estimate equation parameters. The results indicated that total energy input for corn grain production was about 392323 MJha–1; Chemical fertilizers (with 44 %) and electricity (with 27 %) were amongst the highest energy inputs for corn grain production. The energy ratio, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy were 2.6, 0.18 kgMJ–1, 5.66 MJkg–1 and 59248.58 MJha–1 respectively. The regression results indicated that the contribution of energy inputs on crop yield was significant. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the major MPP was drawn for seed and chemical fertilizers energy. Economic analysis indicated that the total cost of production for one hectare of corn grain production was around 1955 $. Accordingly, the benefit–cost ratio was 1.75. The total amounts of CO2 for corn grain production was calculated as 1.54 tonha-1, which indicated the high CO2 output in this cultivation. The use of diesel fuel and chemical fertilizer is in excess for corn grain production, causing an environmental risk problem in the region. The high rate of non-renewable energy utilization in this region can be controlled by using farmyard and green manure instead of chemical fertilizers.

Knowledge management is one of the achievements of today's information age and knowledge with regard to the characteristics of the organizations and institutions specifically require the use of highly for the success of it. Therefore investigated the possibility of implementing knowledge management in organizations is the impact of high importance. In this context, the aim of the present study the feasibility of implementing knowledge management in university of Aran & Bidgol in building knowledge-based research model was used. Statistical research, university staff and faculty were 46 patients who were studied in the census, all the statistical community. Possibility of implementing knowledge management in the statistical model based on the variables of knowledge goals, knowledge identification, acquisition, development, sharing, use, maintenance and evaluation of knowledge was evaluated and the results showed that the implementation of knowledge management The university there. The proposals were presented to facilitate and strengthen the areas of knowledge management.