Archives-May 2017

This research project sought to determine the effects of financial planning on the performance of transport and logistics firms in Mombasa County. The general objective was to establish the determinants of performance. The independent variables under consideration were: fund allocation, external funding, fund control and budgeting. These independent variables created the basis for the specific objectives under review as follows: to find out how the fund allocation influences the decision to growth and profitability; to establish how the degree of external funding influences the decision of firms to growth and profitability; to find out how budgeting affects the decision to growth and profitability; and to find out how fund control the decision to growth and profitability. Transport firms in Mombasa have grown in importance in the economy of the region during the last couple of decades. Although transport firms are growing speedily they face a range of challenges which work against their progress. Lack of financial knowledge is been a major setback to transport firms’ progress. Inefficient financial planning may damage transport firms profitability and, as a result, complicate the difficulties of transport firms’ growth. Conversely, efficient financial planning will help transport firms to strengthen their profitability and, as a result, these difficulties can partly be overcome. This study is motivated by the need to determine the financial planning practices used by transport firms and their impact on the financial performance of the transport firms. The target population of this study will be 102 transport firms operating in the Mombasa County. A modified Liker scale questionnaire will be developed divided into three parts. A pilot study will be carried out to refine the instrument. The quality and consistency of the study will further be assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis will be performed on a PC computer using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 22) for Windows. Analysis will be done using frequency counts, percentages, means and standard deviation, regression, correlation and the information generated will be presented in form of graphs, charts and table.

Despite innovation absorbing real and substantial costs, the available literature tends to focus heavily on training and education, and has primarily been concerned with measuring the inputs, process and immediate outcomes rather than the longer term impact of innovation. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge no study had ever been conducted to investigate the effects of innovation strategies on growth of Microfinance Banks in Kenya. This research focused on Faulu Micro Finance Bank Branches in coast region; the general objective of this study was assessing the effects of organizational innovation on the growth of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya with specific focus of Faulu Microfinance Bank in coast region. Specifically, the study was assessing the effects of product innovation, market innovation, process innovation and service innovation on the growth of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya with specific focus of Faulu Microfinance Bank in Coast region. This research was studied through the use of a survey research design. The target population of this study was 96 staff working in Faulu Microfinance Bank in coast region with a sample size of 77 employees. These study utilized questionnaires which were dropped physically to the respondents’ place of work and stratified random sampling was used to get the sample. The descriptive statistical tools such as SPSS were used to help the researcher to describe the data and determine the extent to use. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether variables predict a given dependent variable. Tables were used to summarize responses for further analysis and facilitate comparison. This study investigated whether innovations adopted by Faulu Microfinance Bank branches in Coast Region lead to growth of Micro Finance Bank.

The objective of this study is to investigate whether employees’ morale will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether accountability will be factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to find out whether bureaucracy will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether setting objective mechanism will be a factor affecting productivity by use of performance contract and to make recommendations on policy evaluating and implementation of performance contract on public service staff on areas that need improvement to enable and enhance implementation of performance contract that will beneficial to both the government and employees of parastatals as implementation is concerned.

The term “producer” rather than “farmer” because it covers all aspects of agricultural production, including livestock and fisheries, and the processing of agricultural products on-farm or in the rural areas (such as the women’s cottage industries). The producer organizations (POs) considered are formal rural organizations whose members organized themselves with the objective of improving farm income through improved production, marketing, and local processing activities. POs deal with: policies on issues such as pricing and export and import of agricultural products; improvement of agricultural production practices; access to inputs and services, including agricultural credit; marketing of agricultural production; and local processing of agricultural production and its marketing. Collectivization of producers, especially small and marginal farmers, into producer organizations has emerged as one of the most effective pathways to address the many challenges of agriculture but most importantly, improved access to investments, technology and inputs and markets. Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India has identified farmer producer organization registered under the special provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 as the most appropriate institutional form around which to mobilize farmers and build their capacity to collectively leverage their production and marketing strength. It has been argued that rural producer organizations (RPOs) are an effective tool for solving problems in rural areas and promoting agricultural development. The empirical evidence of the effectiveness of POs on serving their members is scarce at best.

Labor rights, in most cases, based on public order, public order in work law, including minimum and maximum that, in law and government regulations have been introduced, and the employer cannot, even with the consent of workers, through individual contracts, or agreements mass, at least reduce, the maximum increase. Review of the legal system, in the face of a situation that, freedom of contract is used to justify the imposition of systematic, widespread and unfair clauses in contracts has become. Public order and good morality, by limiting freedom of contract, may be in the process of labor contracts in the Iranian legal system, are effective. Study on the law applicable to the employment contract, taking into account the public order and good morals, using descriptive-analytic method and library study has been done, and the results, including that one of the consequences of the increasing the use of standard contracts, the inclusion of the conditions unfair contracts, particularly contracts of labor, corporations and businesses a strong economy, using the bargaining power of its superior design contracts unilaterally, and to win writing, these plans are full the covenants contained, the workers, or the weak contractual party, harmful and It is unfair, in law, worker protection entails certain rules, not dealing with unfair terms.

In any Commitment, what is desired, the implementation is the same commitment, and the purpose of the conclusion of the Commitments of the parties, is to get the change. But also the implementation of commitment, in all cases, not useful, and sometimes resort to other ways the interests of the parties to the contract, to provide a more favorable way, is more appropriate. What the parties, foremost importance, benefits from its implementation, not coercion committed to doing the same commitment, after a long time. On the other hand, extraordinary indifference, the same commitment to performance, and extreme preference for other forms of compensation, the manner of compensation is also justified not acceptable, and does not pay attention to the shared objectives contract. Ambiguous nature of some of the topics in the science of law, can determine the effects of their sentences, to be involved, so defining and analyzing the concepts and determine the legal nature of these topics, much the work of a lawyer, is formed. This study aimed to examine, evaluate and analyze the rules governing the obligation to work Payment, by submitting's action. Although the Civil Code, Article 214, "action" and "yours" and, Handsome each contract, and consequently the "surrender of property" and "take action", the difference is established, but according to the principles of civil law, and with regard to the property of "action", in our law, it seems, do the subject of the contract, the property was an act of submission, and subject to the provisions of it. Accordingly, it can be submitted using the general rules of property, to the extent shortcomings in civil law and civil law, and the legal literature of Iran, on the rules governing the obligation to take action, be overcome.

Public administrative contracts, including contracts that are certain, due to the independence of administrative contracts, private agreements, principles and specific rules, their actions. This type of contract is generally subject to public law, and the rules governing aspects are mandatory. The treaties state that the purposes of protecting the public interest and provide public services followed, mostly private party on the one hand, and on the other hand the government is present. After the conclusion of the treaty, each party administrative and employer, will have obligations that may be one of the causes of the collapse of the termination of the obligations, of course, from the employer cited. Review existing laws and regulations, we find that the terminate right contracts, to the violation administrative , by virtue of Article 46, Treaty and the general conditions prevailing circumstances, by virtue of Article 48, the general conditions of the Treaty, is applicable. In the first case, which is based on the current contract, the provisions are relatively clear, but in the second case that, in the context of the general conditions of the Treaty, the term "termination" is used, without fault of the administrative , the employer, according to your best interest, or other causes termination of the treaty. The analysis of this vote, it is important that the termination of the interest and the common good, a terminate right the widespread that way for abuse of authority leaves open because the public interest concept is general and vague that content it's not material judicial supervision, usually the court, the regulation of termination, monitor. On the other hand, the concern of the highest public interest and public service delivery in this type of contract, justify the granting of preferential jurisdiction, the employer is government.

The prevailing spirit in doctrine and Sharia of Islam, from the beginning to tolerance, mitigation and disposal Distress and constriction, focused and grounded. Necessity to reductionist, in practice the provisions, variable and universal religion, in accordance with the principles of freedom and liberty, and the necessity of conflict with existing laws, including the reasons underlying the rule Religious permission, the legitimacy of the state of some of the laws, apply. Foundation legitimacy of discharge, the rules «Distress and constriction», and «no- damage» is Located. This study, in the light of legal texts, rules and principles, explain the rule Religious permission, as an important, focuses on Islamic law. In this regard, in addition to explaining the concept, and the status of the above, the expression and show some of it, of transactions, punishments and suspension provisions in the law, and the rules of civil law, criminal law and family law, encourages. The results of this study indicate that, approach the permissions, at present, according to the positions of «Obstruction of religious knowledge», and «Absence of religious texts», etc. necessity in solving «Updated issues» , with a new approach in «Demands of the time», is considered.

The menace of industrial pollution has been haunting the human world in the past several decades by causing different types of pollution. Agricultural sector in Nepal is severely affected by the direct discharge of untreated effluents on the agriculture land. This paper focuses to analyze the effect of industrial effluents on soil by measuring different physico-chemical parameters. Discharge of industrial effluents into the soil causes to change the physico-chemical and biological profile of the soil. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, acidity, moisture, organic matter, water holding capacity, specific gravity, texture, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were analyzed. The study revealed the negative impact of industrial effluents in the soil. Various parameters were found badly affected, which were different from the normal range of the fertile soil. Excessive accumulation of organic matters has changed the alkalinity of the soil. The alkalinity was found maximum in the soil near to soap industries. Irregular distribution of micronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) was found in the present study.

The molecular vibrations of 2-methylnaphthalene was investigated by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies. Normal coordinate calculations of 2-methylnaphthalene have been carried out using Wilson’s FG matrix mechanism on the basis of General Valence Force field (GVFF) for both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations. The potential energy constants obtained in this study are refined using numerical methods.