Archives-May 2016

Objectives: We compare the analgesic efficiency of the endo-rectal instillation of xylocaine gel compared to peri-prostatic infiltration xylocaine biopsies before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate. Patients and Methods: Between November 2013 and March 2014, candidates for prostate biopsies were randomized into 2 groups. In group 1, 10 ml of Xylocaine 2% gel was instilled in the rectum 10 minutes before biopsy, while patients in group 2 benefited from the periprostatic infiltration of 5 ml injection of Xylocaine 2% in two equal injections , 4 min before prostate biopsies. A visual analogue scale possible to assess pain during anesthesia (VAS 1) and during prostate biopsies (VAS 2) and finally 30 min after the end of these (VAS 3). Results: 69 patients were included in the study, 35 in group 1 and 34 in group 2. The pain experienced by patients was statistically lower in Group 2 for the VAS 2 score (3.5 in group 1 vs 1.5 in group 2) and the VAS score 3 (0.5 in group 1 vs 0.1 in group 2). No major complications were reported. Conclusion: periprostatic block infiltration of xylocaine, allows better patient comfort during biopsies and 30 min after the end thereof

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a destructive pathogen in banana cultivating areas worldwide. As the virus is located in the phloem tissue and its purification is difficult and gives low yield. Therefore, in the present study BBTV coat protein was bacterially cloned and expressed using recombinant DNA approach. The BBTV infected banana leaf samples were collected around Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka. Further, the total nucleic acid was extracted using dellaporta method. A 531bp PCR product containing coat protein coding region of BBTV was amplified using BBTVCPF and BBTVCPR primers and the amplified product was cloned into the pTZ57R/T and further sub-cloned in to the pQE30. After transformation in to JM 109 and M15 cells the clones were confirmed through PCR and sequencing. Amplification with expected size of 531bp and 100% homology with other isolates showed integrity of the clone. Further, the coat protein appeared to be expressed at 3hr after induction with 1mM IPTG. The expressed protein was analyzed through sodium-dodecyl sulphate-Poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A band of 21kDa on the gel confirmed that coat protein was really fused to the His-tag. Further, 10mg/liter of the coat protein were purified using His-tag purification kit (Genei).

One of the pressures of human population on the planet is the rapid and unbridled growth of cities. In the cities, the concepts of sustainability and sustainable urban development are on the basis of ecological, economic and socio-political, cultural, and spatial dimensions and contrast of these dimensions. In recent decades, many indicators have been developed to investigate the stability of the cities and one of the best indicators in this field, is the ecological footprint. The purpose of this study is to evaluate sustainable transportation of Tehran applying ecological footprint model and Compare the ecological footprint of urban subway and road transport system. The results of the study showed that the ecological footprint of Tehran transportation is equal to 3348734.16 global hectares while Tehran's biological capacity to absorb the carbon released in the transport sector is equal to 9664.2(gha). Also, the carbon footprint of metro transit system is equal to 12,428 global hectares and the carbon footprint of road system transportation is equal to 3,323,152 global hectares and the produced carbon in road transport system, per kilometer, is 85 times larger than the produced carbon in the Metro system. The ecological footprint of Tehran transportation points to the deterioration of the current situation and it is clear that the policies of transport development are unsustainable and the current transport patterns will make Tehran uninhabitable in the near future. In such conditions, for the development of sustainable transport system based on environmental criteria, a low-carbon transport, transit-oriented development (TOD), and the creation of Green corridor could be some tools for sustainable development in the transportation sector of Tehran.

In this work and experiment was carried out in order to find the value of energy gap of silicone, zener and light emitting diode (LED) diode using simple electric circuit.

Extensive quantum chemical calculations of energy, geometrical structure, harmonic vibrational frequencies and the construction of theoretical spectrograms of IR and Raman spectra of the molecule, methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl benzoate(methyl orsellinate) have been carried out by Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6311++G(d, p) basis set. The assignments of normal modes of the vibration of the title molecule along with the observed frequencies (FT-IR and FT-R) and scaled frequencies have been obtained by HF/DFT computation. The simulated NMR spectra are obtained by (GIAO) gauge independent atomic orbital method and their chemical shifts are compared with the experimental 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectra. Molecular geometric parameters, dipole moment, mullikan charge, thermodynamic properties, FMO analysis and NLO properties have also been computed and discussed in a detailed manner.The electrostatic potential surface and the mullikan charge analysis indicates that the oxygen atoms of the molecule act as reactive centers for nucleophilic attack .The temperature dependence of the thermodynamic properties such as entropy (S), enthalpy (H) and heat capacity (Cp) from 50K to 700K were also determined.

In this article, a report of a study to investigate pertinent citations in the introduction sections of empirical article published in Turkish Journal of Chemistry is presented. It is attempt to proceed with the validation that majority of citation made in the introduction sections of scientific articles are impertinent to the study. In this study, an empirical investigation of pertinence of citations made in Turkish Journal of Chemistry is presented. In this particular study, citations made in the introduction sections in issues published from 1997 to 2004 were analyzed. An empirical scientific article was randomly selected from every issue published, and the pertinence of selected article was determined. Overall, the result showed that less than 20% of the citations were pertinent to the study. This result suggests that over 80% of citations made in the introduction sections may not be applicable in the computation of effective impact of publications.

Objective: To describe the strengths and weaknesses of current media to act as a prime tool to tackle rural poverty and help in development. Design: A descriptive, cross sectional study design, collecting relevant quantitative and qualitative data was conducted. A data on retrospective histories and experiences of poverty was also captured to link the exposure pattern on the availability of government assistances through media vehicles. Setting: Urban community comprising of reporters and journalists belonging to different media houses in East Khasi Hills District from both the print and electronic media. Results: The working journalist in the State suggested that the media should create awareness programmes and make people aware of the schemes and loans being provided by the government. In addition, the media should also highlight the needs of the poor. These working professionals are consciously aware of its role but mentioned that they find it difficult in allotting space to information on government monetary benefits to the masses through their media houses. Conclusion: This study concludes that media has been ignoring poverty for too long. Media’s role in projecting and highlighting government’s assistance to help alleviate economic poverty in the State is a highly conscious elucidation endorsed by all.

In various housing scheme launched by State through its instrumentality like ‘Housing Boards’, the issues relating to allotment, price fixation and other connected matters often arise, quite frequently resulting in litigation. Courts are called upon to decide these issues in accordance with rules and procedures formulated by the appropriate State Governments or the Boards authorised to frame rules. The recent instance of such a case is M.P.Griha Nirman Mandal Adhiniyam established under M.P. Griha Nirman Mandal Adhiniyam Act, 1972. The Board floated the “Housing Scheme” for allotment of (36) residential houses for the employees of the State Government and of public sector undertakings.

In this paper we produce a hypergraph using the Peterson hypergraph. We prove that two vertices in this hypergraph are adjacent if and only if they are not adjacent in the Peterson graph. We find maximum independent sets, maximum stable sets, domination number and H-domination number of this hypergraph.

The mangrove ecosystem is of high economic importance to the local dwellers and the nation in general. The region is rich in both aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity and serves as a main source of livelihood for rural dwellers as well as stabilizing the ecosystem. Tremendous changes have occurred recently due to anthropogenic activities, thus raising awareness on the need for effective monitoring, protection and conservation of the mangrove ecosystem. A good knowledge of the services provided by mangrove ecosystems is an important key for effective management. The sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems in Nigeria will be an essential contribution to the proposed new target for the Millennium Development Goals to “Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving a significant reduction in the rate of loss by 2020”. The aim of this paper therefore is to review the status of mangrove resources drawn from the prospective of livelihood development. This review shows that the region is rich in biodiversity of high economic importance to national development and therefore requires effective monitoring in the conservation and management of this important ecosystem.