Archives-May 2014

Access to information and, more importantly, the internet is not evenly distributed in this world. But if they had it, would people in rural India want to use the internet? How would they use it and benefit from it? Will internet influence culture and how can communities prepare themselves when the internet comes in their village? To support the rollout of internet in more rural areas in India and to improve the effectiveness of ICT in rural environments, a clear view on the adoption and use of ICT and services was needed. This study aimed at providing this knowledge. Interviews in rural India taught us how people use the internet and the benefits they experience. We also spoke about their expectations and what they think is needed when the internet is introduced in a community. The study showed that people and communities in rural India do benefit from ICT both socially and economically. Basically, they use the internet for the same purposes as people in Western countries, such as to communicate, to search for information and to buy things. However, internet is even more important in rural areas because of lack of alternatives, such as telephone lines, libraries, newspapers, roads in good condition, and public transport. In this paper we would like to focus on the affect that Internet has on Rural India.

Identifying Points of Difference (POD) is a challenging task for any brand manager. Though Points of Parity (POP) can be easily identified, research needs to be undertaken to identify distinguishing points of difference. In order to get a view of how customers perceive different brands on various parameters perceptual mapping can be used. This paper studies the use of attribute based perceptual mapping for major mobile service provider brands. Three major attributes were identified namely; Service quickness, Service friendliness and Service fairness and these attributes were used to create a perceptual map and to identify which mobile service provider brand fares better in a multidimensional space.

Energy consumption control in wireless ad-hoc networks is a more difficult problem due to non availability of access point in network. A node can be both a data source and a router that forwards data for other nodes. There is no centralized entity such as an access point to control and maintain the power control mode of each node in the network. There are number of challenges offered by mobile ad- hoc network environment like limited power, route failure, synchronization, security etc. Nodes in the mobile ad-hoc network environment have limited battery power. Extra amount of energy is needed by router to forward and to relay packets. In this paper, literature survey is carried out on energy consumption issues for wireless ad-hoc network.

The research paper seeks to identify challenges of mobile deposit in Ghana. The study used stratified, convenience and purposeful techniques to arrive at the sample size and descriptive statistics for the presentation and analysis of findings. The mobile deposit solution is 24 hours a day 7 days a week service which makes it convenient for clients of First Capital Plus Bank to deposit money anytime anywhere through mobile banking has proven to be very effective means of mobilizing deposit apart from the traditional usual walk in deposit (Banson et al, 2013). The findings shows that mobile deposit as a way of deposit mobilization through mobile banking has some challenges with the major ones being Accessibility to Speed Banking Cards (SBC’s), Network failure, Deposit not credited to clients account, Delay in crediting clients account and Clients going to the bank before some challenges can be resolved. Accessibility to SBC’s is the key challenge among all.

With the consideration of sustainable development, three major objectives of watershed management in Iran are to lessen disaster, to secure local residents and their properties, and to conserve natural resources. Many single-objective management projects have applied to Iran’s watersheds for the last several decades to achieve those objectives, including soil conservation projects. However, conventional planning methods are not capable to handle the complexity and conflicts of mutli-objective watershed management projects. In this study, an integrated model combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), soil erosion model, and multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) is developed and applied for the planning of reservoir watershed management in Joneqan watershed, Iran. Performance of individual objective for each alternative is first estimated with the aid of GIS, RS, and soil erosion model. After the procedures of MCDM, a compromising solution is suggested based on the identified preferences on project objectives and their performances of all objectives. Besides, a list of alternatives with their priorities can provide further information on the trade off relationships among our objectives.

In recent decades the tourism sector has grown rapidly to become a pillar of the global economy, political cooperation, social change and far - reaching advances in technology; both in communications and infrastructure. Tourism has closely been connected to progress of ICTs for over 30 years. With increasing complexity of tourism business models and tasks, there is a clear need of the next generation in tourism sector. Therefore, we proposing here new structure e-tourism which can support flexible automation, integration, computation, storage, and collaboration. In every year, millions of pilgrims visiting our Holy City, But on the part of tourism and development, Saudi Arabia is less than Europe, America and Asia in the sector of tours and travel development. There is no much significance research proposal or article on e-tourism & development in our Saudi Kingdom. This paper deals with e-tourism, innovation and designing proposal suitable for Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Also we discussed about problems and solutions related to the e-tourism sector adoptable by the industry and government organization in Saudi Arabia.

The foot is among the heaviest producers of sweat in the body, as it is able to produce over 1 US pint (0.47 l) of perspiration per day. Socks help to absorb this sweat and draw it to areas where air can evaporate the perspiration. Although perspiration is odorless and 99% water, it provides a perfect medium for bacteria to grow. The bacteria cause foot odour. Foot odour is a type of body odour that affects the feet of humans and is generally considered to be an unpleasant smell. Wearing polyester or nylon socks may increase perspiration and therefore may intensify foot odor. In order to overcome this problem, a nylon sock was with increased moisture absorbency. The super absorbent solution was prepared by using various chemicals. Then the solution was examined for antibacterial activity by well diffusion method. The nylon socks were treated with this solution by dip dry method. The finished sample shows good moisture absorbency and also having antimicrobial activity when compared with the untreated sample by the testing method AATCC (147 and 30). It’s having odor control property and also there is no any irritant reaction to contact with dermatitis by the testing method of organoleptic evaluation and Contact dermatitis testing. Ultimately, it is applicable for athletic persons and also common socks wearers.

Until quite recently, human urine has been tagged a ‘waste’, especially in Africa, even though the eastern, and western worlds have for centuries reaped the immense blessings associated with this “liquid gold”. It is in the light of this that this paper discusses the research work conducted to ascertain the fertilizer value of human urine and its utilization in agriculture in Kumasi, Ghana. The study investigated the maximum storage time of human urine that would result in increased NPK for crop use under green house conditions using maize as the test crop. Some morphological characteristics; number of leaves, leave length, plant height and leave width were measured. Perceptions of farmers and consumers on urine use in agriculture were also examined. In a randomized complete block design, fresh urine (0), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months’ old urine and NPK 15:15:15 chemical fertilizers were applied to maize crops in a green house. Prior to planting and application of plant nutrients, soil and human urine NPK contents were analysed using standard methods. Fresh urine produced the highest Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium contents of 884.572mg/L, 68.044mg/L, and 180.763mg/L respectively compared to the six months old urine which yielded 700.450mg/L, 0.578mg/L and 0.096mg/L of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium contents respectively. The amounts of NPK in urine decreased with storage duration. Percentage decrease of urine NPK over the six months of storage were 20.8%, 31% and 22% respectively. Fertilization of maize crops with urine, produced crops with morphological characteristics comparable to plants fertilized with NPK mineral fertilizer – 15:15:15. Farmers, though unaware of the fertilizer value of human urine, were willing to use it in farming. Consumers however were unwilling to patronize vegetables fertilized with human urine.

The effect of three different rates of poultry droppings (0kg/ha, 12kg/ha, 24kg/ha) and plant spacing (30cm x 50cm; 40cm x 50cm; 50cm x 50cm) and the soil chemical properties and yield of cucumber was studied in a field trial at Igbariam south eastern, Nigeria. The experiment was conducted as a 3x3 factorial laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications. The result of the study showed that poultry droppings and plant spacing significantly (p=0.05) increased the growth and yield of cucumber and improved the soil chemical parameters assessed. The values obtained increased as the rate of poultry droppings increased from zero level and decreased as the planting distance increased. The closest plant spacing (30cm x 50cm) and poultry droppings at the rate of 24kg/ha recorded the highest value in both crop and soil parameters assessed in this trial. Though the result of Mg2+ showed a decrease as the rate of poultry droppings increased and Ca2t result did not follow any particular trend. The spacing and poultry droppings interaction was significant for fruit yield (Weight of fruit), length of fruit and vine length, but generally showed non-significant for all the soil parameters measured. The result of the study showed that cucumber production could be enhanced at 24kg/ha poultry droppings and at a closer plant spacing of 30cm x 50cm for optimum yield.

The main objective of this research is to minimize delay in collaborative applications by setting tight bounds. Examples of collaborative applications include video-conferencing, distributed database replication, and online games. The efficiency of this project is analyzed and shown to be superior to its counterparts in the execution time. To provide an efficient heuristic to obtain a multicast sub network on an overlay network, given a source and a set of destinations that is within a specified maximum delay and a specified maximum variation in the delays from a source to the destinations.