Archives-March 2016

In the present paper, MHD flow past an impulsively started vertical plate with variable temperature and constant mass diffusion in the presence of Hall current is studied. The fluid considered is an electrically conducting, absorbing-emitting radiation but a non-scattering medium. The Laplace transform technique has been used to find the solutions for the velocity profile and Skin friction. The velocity profile and Skin friction have been studied for different parameters like Schmidt number, Hall parameter, Magnetic parameter, Mass Grashof number, Thermal Grashof number, Prandtl number, and Time. The effect of parameters is shown graphically and the values of the skin-friction for different parameters have been tabulated.

ABSTRACT Let be a fuzzy graph. Let be a subset of . is said to be a fuzzy metric basis of if for every pair of vertices , there exists a vertex such that The number of elements in is said to be fuzzy metric dimension (FMD) of and is denoted by . In this paper, we investigate the bounds for the fuzzy metric dimension of complete fuzzy graph and the bounds for total fuzzy star graph. Next we find the exact values of fuzzy metric dimension of Total graph of fuzzy path and fuzzy cycles and subdivision graph of fuzzy paths, fuzzy cycles and fuzzy star graph.

The marine crustaceans shells are collected for their richness in chitin, a natural polymer when chemically deacetylated can form a derivative called chitosan, which is a promising material for biomedical applications on account of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, cellular binding capability, antimicrobial activity and wound healing effect. Extraction of chitin involves demineralization and deproteinization. In crude form, chitin has a highly ordered crystalline structure with poor solubility and low reactivity. The chitin structure can be modified by removing the acetyl groups by means of a chemical hydrolysis in concentrated alkaline solution at elevated temperature to produce a deacetylated form. When the fraction of acetylated amine groups are reduced to 40-35%, the resultant co-polymer, (1 ? 4)-2-amine-2-deoxy-?-D-glucan and (1 ? 4)-2-acetamide-2-deoxy-?-D-glucan, is referred to as chitosan. Blending of reactive chitosan to fabrics using an exhaust reactive dyeing method can be performed to prepare the biomedical cotton fabrics. AATCC-100 standard test method was done for quantitative antimicrobial evaluation of coated cotton fabrics against selected nosocomial pathogens. Wash fastness test (AATCC-124 test method) results ensured the bioefficacy of bound chitosan to fabrics and the persistence of antimicrobial activity to the number of washes. Colonies of bacteria recovered on the agar plate for both untreated and treated of the washed and unwashed fabrics was used to analyse the reduction percentage of bacteria.

The article focuses on the Nigerian Youths as Victims of this 21st century, as it is believe that they are the leaders, movers, propellers of the socio economic, political and intellectual development of every nation. This youth have fall victims of the danger of social problems ie poverty, violence, use of arms and a new face of immorality such as baby factory phenomenon etc to survive. What is the hope of the Nigerian youths in the 21st century? Is one of the question raise? Anomie theory was use to explore the Nigerian Youths as victims of the 21st century

The three-phase frictional pressure drop for gas-liquid-solid mixture secondary ?ow through helical curved pipe in vertical orientation is investigated and reported in this article. Effects of different operating variables on the three phase pressure drop are enunciated and the experimental results were analyzed and Lockhart-Martinelli and Davis model are incorporated to predict the three-phase frictional pressure drop. A correlation for parameter for the model is also proposed to predict frictional pressure drop for gas-liquid-solid mixture flow through helical curved pipe by dimensional analysis.

Malaria is still a problem during pregnancy in Ghana and is associated with maternal anemia, premature delivery, intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight. Ghana adopted The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation that all pregnant women living in sub-Saharan Africa countries with stable malaria transmission to receive Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) using two doses of Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine, use Insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) and effective case management. There is a low patronage of prevention tools like ITNs in country. This study aims at determining knowledge of malaria preventive strategies among pregnant women in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted between February - May 2011,where a pretested questionnaire was administered to 100 pregnant women atTamale west Hospital who were purposely sampled.100 pregnant women were studied, 93% were knowledgeable about malaria preventive stratergies. Giving the health impact of malaria in pregnancy, there is a need to intensify efforts to provide health education on malaria and preventive measures as well as to encourage preventive practices among pregnant women in the global world.

With the current expansion of the global economy and the fast-changing evolution of technology and innovation, organizations are facing an on-going need for employee training and development. As knowledge increasingly becomes a key factor for productivity, it has also become a currency for competitive success. The resource base approach contends that the organization can develop a sustained competitive advantage only if its activities create value in a unique way, on that competitors cannot easily copy. The human capital cannot be easily copied once they acquire the expertise and the necessary skills and knowledge in their workplace. The study used survey research design because it assessed the nature of prevailing conditions. The research was carried out in Nyamira Sub County. The study target population was 600 respondents. The study sample size will be 362 respondents. Results indicated there was a positive and significant effect between training, job retention and employee performance in Nyamira sub county (b = 0.369, t = 3.62, p<0.05). Results indicate that training contents has a positive and significant (p<0.05) effect on the employee performance in Nyamira sub county (b = 1.18, t-value = 4.93, p-value <0.05). This implies that increase in training contents will increase the level of employees? performance in Nyamira Sub County. From results there was indication that training evaluation and employee performance were positively and significantly associated (b = 0.315, t-value = 4.54, p<0.05). This could be interpreted to mean that evaluation of content of the training and the methods employed, measure performance of knowledge, skills and attitudes against the standard could easily contributed to enhanced employee retention and performance at work.

This paper investigates the effects of extra-terrestrial impact cratering of Silali Basin on the environment of the area. The Silali Basin is located in Turkana East /Pokot East regions of Kenya. The basin is a depression suspected to be an extra-terrestrial impact crater (ETIC). The objective of the study was to document the effect that the cratering of Silali had on the environment of the area. To answer the study research question, remote sensing was utilized to map the Silali basin. Satellite images were used to identify the nature of the crater and characterize it, since most large terrestrial impact craters are not identifiable from the surface of the earth. The study established that the effects of Silali’s impact cratering on the environment of the area include formation of physical features and minerals. The crater’s potential economic and social significance has also been cited and include tourism, paragliding, quarrying of breccias and geothermal power harvesting. Being a pioneer study in the investigation of ETICs in Kenya, the study may form a basis for further research on ETICs in the country, besides enhancing knowledge on Extra-terrestrial impact cratering in Kenya and its environmental significance. It is also hoped that the study will enhance the economic utilization of Silali basin.

The reckless release of cassava effluent into the environment has posed diverse environmental challenges. Its effects on phytotoxicity, nutrient quality and stability on compost were assessed under windrow composting method. There were two carbon (Rice bran and Sawdust) and nitrogen (Poultry manure and Cow dung) sources. Each of the carbon and nitrogenous feedstock were combined in ratio 1:3 with or without cassava effluent applied at 15 litres per pile. There were two replications. Ambient temperature and those of the composting piles were taken daily. Turning and moisture content were monitored. At compost maturity, composite compost samples were subjected to proximate analysis and phytotoxicity assessment by raising cowpea seedling in the compost extracts in the dark for 72 hours. There were four compost types and two compost extract concentration levels including 50 and 100 %. Two checks including distilled water and raw cassava effluent were considered for comparison. There were two replications laid out in completely randomized design. Data assessed showed that cassava effluent significantly reduced Mn and Fe concentrations in the compost. It further reduced number of days to attain stability by 9 and 19 days in rice bran and sawdust based compost respectively. It also increased the nitrogen content and alkalinity in the compost. Feedstock decomposition rate was increased by 54% in sawdust based compost. Its ability to greatly improve germination index of cowpea with values above the 100 % from distilled water growing medium at both concentrations levels showed the possibility of cassava effluent under aerobic composting condition to release growth stimulating substances into the growing medium.

Organization is a relatively young science in comparison with the other scientific disciplines. (Ivanko, 2013) Accounts of the growth of organizational theory usually start with Taylor and Weber, but, as Scott (1987) mentions, organizations were present in the old civilizations which goes back to Sumerians (5000, BC) and which experiences its maturation phase with Taylor, Fayol and Weber, continuing to come up to present with modern management methods and principles. The modern organization may be the most crucial innovation of the past 100 years and it is a theory which will never complete its evolution as the human being continues to exist. Understanding how organizations work has been the focus of scientists and scholars until the early part of the 20th century. Just as organizations have evolved, so to have the theories explaining them. These theories can be divided into 9 different “schools” of thought (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2005): Classical Organization Theory, Neoclassical Organization Theory, Human Resource Theory, or the Organizational Behavior Perspective, Modern Structural Organization Theory, Organizational Economics Theory, Power and Politics Organization Theory, Organizational Culture Theory, Reform Though Changes in Organizational Culture and Theories of Organizations and Environments. This introductory paper will concentrate on the organizational economics theory and is divided as follows: The introduction talks about the developments of the organization and organization theory from its early stages with detailed definitions. In section 2, theoretical roots in other words literature review on the subject will be presented. At further section, by looking at the perspectives of the 6 pioneering people (Jensen & Meckling, Williamson, Barney & Ouchi, and Rubin) main principles of the classical organization theory are presented one by one. Section 4 mentions strengths and weaknesses of the classical organizational theory and section 5 discusses and concludes the paper.