Archives-March 2014

English language anxiety and interest are considered as two important affective variables which are highly correlated to foreign language learning. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the English language anxiety, English language interest and English language achievement. The sample size comprised of 97 undergraduate students of BS Computer Sciences, Telecom engineering and Computer engineering program. The Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regressions are used to analyze the data. The results revealed that English language anxiety has significant negative correlation with English language interest and English language achievement. It is also found that English language interest and English language achievement has significant positive correlation. It has been observed that mostly males have less English language anxiety and more English language interest as compared to females. The rate of anxiety in females has significant negative relationship with achievement. The study reveals that the performance of the students of in English language is influenced by the English language anxiety.

Probing biomolecules by ultrasonic techniques is novel and powerful tool for characterizing their physico-chemical properties. Peptides find wide applications in drug production and as an ingredient in nutritional supplements. Glycyl-L-Glycine is the simplest dipeptide used in biochemical research and in the preparation of biodegradable polymers. Measurement of ultrasonic velocity plays an important role in the study of transport propeties of liquids/solution. In the present work, the acoustic and transport properties such as adiabatic compressibility, specific acoustic impedance, intermolecular free length, internal presure and free volume are computed for various molalities and at various temperatures. The results are analysed on the basis of solute-solvent interactions.

Nonlinear optical L-Alanine Lithium Nitrate (LALN) single crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution method at room temperature. The title compound was characterized by various methods such as UV-Vis Spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The grown LALN was found to crystallize in orthorhombic system with space group P212121. The SHG efficiency of LALN was found to be 0.42 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) and 0.12 times that of urea.

For green fodder yield and its contributing traits in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability, heritability and genetic advance were estimated. Higher estimates of genetic variability were computed in internodal length followed by green fodder yield, plant height, number of leaves per plant and leaf area, whereas the least genetic coefficient of variability was observed in the days to 50% flowering. Higher amount of heritability was expressed by plant height followed by internodal length, number of leaves per plant, leaf area and green fodder yield. High estimates of genetic advance were computed for plant height followed by leaf area and internodal length. Correlation analysis at a genotypic level of the present breeding material indicated that plant height mainly increases with the increase in internodal length and with the increase in plant height, leaf area and number of leaves per plant, green fodder yield would increase. Path coefficients were computed to estimate the contribution of individual characters to green fodder yield in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Highest overall effect on green fodder yield was observed associated with plant height followed by internodal length, leaf area and number of leaves per plant.

By more than a decade, the contemplation on the velocity law took me as far as the human mind could inform of, where I wondered at that time; what is the relationship between all of the time, space and velocity?. This question was frequented my imagination impotent, whenever I tried to understand the extent of the relation between these two numbers: zero and one. The following questions are the source of inspiration: At first glance, may not seem to us that there is a relation between these questions and the velocity law, but if we tried to conduct a scientific investigation on the velocity law during a theory of the high credibility, we are surprised how the trick that brought to us by classical physics. I firmly believe that the answer of these questions will strongly solve the biggest enigma in our live. Let's see how we will be able to get the Mared (giant) out of its bottle, through this research.

Asthma is a respiratory disease that is common in Saudi Arabia and characterized by sporadic occurrence of bridge, chronic inflammation of the airways involving recurrent airflow obstruction and increased responsiveness to a variety of stimuli. Recent research suggests that airway inflammation is the most cause of the episodes of airflow limitation in asthma which lead to increase oxidative stress. This imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant has been increasingly recognized as a big factor contributing to the chronic inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the role and origin of the oxidant-antioxidant disturbances that participate in the pathophysiology of airway inflammatory diseases. We have updated existing information about effects (effects of oxidants in the lung) of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the lung including the mechanisms of their damaging effect. The first section focuses entirely on the symptoms, the types and stages of bronchial asthma. The second section investigates the role of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in disease progression of asthma. The last section outlines the therapeutic value of available antioxidant herbals and vitamins that could improve oxidant-antioxidant balance in bronchial asthma disease.

The aim of the research work is to isolate biopolymer and to evaluate its emulsifiability by formulating o/w type of emulsion. The biopolymer was isolated from the fruit pulp of Prunus insititia by collecting and treating with water. The aqueous extract was further treated with 3 vol. of dimethyl ketone and kept aside in refrigeration for 6 hours. The biopolymer was collected by centrifugation and dried and subjected for physicochemical properties like solubility, pH, color, viscosity. Seven different o/w types of emulsions were prepared by using Liquid paraffin oil and biopolymer as an emulsifier in various concentrations ranging from 50mg to 1 gm. The formulated emulsions were subjected for various evaluation parameters like globule size, pH, the effect of freezing and thawing cycle, effect of centrifugation. The results were compared with the standard emulsion which was prepared by using acacia as an emulsifier.The emulsions were not showing any significant stability due to increase in the globule size. The final conclusion was drawn that the biopolymer in lower concentration showed its potential emulsifying property in the formulation FE1 and FE2 containing 50 and 100mg along with uniform globule size ranging from 12 to 30 µm and stable for 3 freezing and thawing cycle. These emulsions are very significantly stable in comparison with standard emulsion.

This article presents the strategic thinking of the underdog, and to show how it is possible to teach or train people in all walks of life. The first part discusses the characteristics of underdog strategic thinking by comparing them to strong-side strategic thinking. The examples are deliberately drawn from a range of applications, to emphasize that the underdog will never think of only one category of means. The second part proposes some simple exercises to start training people in underdog thinking, first by identifying those who do so naturally, and then in using a simple device, the core idea, to give their own strong-side thinking the beneficial characteristics of the other kind of strategy.

Higher education has enormous potential to promote prosperity in the developing nations. The development of a modern society depends to a large extent on the nature and standard of higher education. This paper is about tracing global links in higher education reforms in all over the world. The paper tries to describe globalization and its general effects which are currently observable across the globe, encompassing nations which are culturally and economically very diverse. It particularly highlights the effects of globalization on higher education reforms, which are competitiveness-driven, finance-driven and equity-driven. Throughout the World, universities change the society and remain the center of change and development. In the context of Pakistan, various Education Commissions were set up so far theoretically emphasized on unlocking potential at all levels of society and creating a pool of highly trained individuals to contribute to the national development. But in practice these universities are weak and need amendment. Dedication of teachers and students can improve the culture of higher education in Pakistan. Initiate to free the universities from the clutches of politics can play a lot of the overall improvement of the higher education. In light of these global higher education reform patterns the paper explores the major educational reforms being pursued in Pakistan since 1947 in higher education. The paper argues that globalization has seriously challenged the national reform policies, which are now becoming more and more globally driven. Rather than out rightly rejecting all global policies, engaging critically with them is the stance of the authors and as the title indicates also, this paper is an attempt to analyze the problems and reforms in higher education system in Pakistan.

As well all know, residential buildings and houses in Malaysia are experiencing overheating of roof space problems owing to unsuitable selection of roofing materials and the systems as well. Subsequently, the indoor thermal comfort of the building is deficiently affected, particularly for low rise buildings where the roof is representing around 70% of heat gain. The thermal performance of a building is affected by the solar absorbance of roof, during a clear sky conditions up to 1kW/m2 of radiation can be incidental on a roof surface and between 20% and 90% of this radiation is naturally absorbed. This paper is anticipated to reassess the roofing materials and roof colours employed in Malaysian building and establish whether they are appropriate for the hot humid climate zone. The study aims to review the thermal performance of roofing materials in Malaysia. Roof colors on some existing buildings and home buyers preferred roof tiles’ colors have been determined. A survey was conducted among home buyers in Malaysian to determine the most preferred roofing colors. The survey results suggest that blue and brown are the most preferred ones followed by red. The study also revealed that 70% of households in Malaysia are using air-conditioning. The observation survey on some existing buildings revealed that 90% of roof tiles are red followed by 10 % black color