Archives-March 2011

India abounds in wealth of complex and diverse biodiversity, exhibiting a great deal of variation however, its documentation is necessary for its proper record and management. India with its vast geographical area of about 329 m ha ranks seventh largest in the world (Venu, 1998). Present studies were conducted on the foot hill, slope (middle hill) and top of the protected and unprotected hills of Jhalana at Jaipur (26? 49’ N, 75 48’ E, 436 m.s.i.). Land is always in a constant flux of continual change due to transformation, resulting either from natural processes or due to human activities. Large portions of land transformation have been witnessed in and around major cities of India e.g. Kolkata, Bangalore, Chandigarh etc. Some of these are dynamic and fast, particularly in the urban tassel. The main factors affecting the urban area and land transformation are growth of industrial, commercial and institutional activities. Secondly due to urbanization and increasing trend, migration towards urban areas for employment and other developmental opportunities.

No story is ever told as if it is the only one; the subtext changes as time passes by. It can have a number of meanings, explanations, understandings, and interpretations according to its context and readers. Consequently, appreciation of any literary work may have its own evolution in course of time. The possible plurality of meaning leads into the maze of meaninglessness of meanings. This indeterminacy of meaning requires deconstruction of the text and its structure and reconstruction of it to find an appropriate meaning. The works of very many authors apparently seem to be in the same meaningless level. It is the researcher’s task to find meaning to this meaninglessness of meanings. The works of Bertolt Brecht, the German playwright are not an exception to this task. His complex artistic works require deep study and careful analysis to arrive at new understanding. In short, they require complex seeing. Brecht’s plays grapple with some of the intense situations of life as lived in different societies. Some of his leading concerns are issues derived from religion, war, capitalism, motherhood and rebellion. This article investigates the theme of religion in the selected plays with the tool which Brecht himself has expected from his audience - complex seeing.

The present Study Discuss Labour Absorption in Agriculture, employment generation is one of the major objective of the developed and developing countries. Labour is one of the important factors of production in Indian economy, particularly in rural economy, rural industries and small scale industries. As India is a country of villages, three fourth of Indian population is living in rural Indian and two, third of this population directly or indirectly depends on the agricultural sector for live Livelihood (Planning Commission 1990). In India the number of person employed in industry, relatively to agriculture is small consequently large portion of the labour force will continue to obtain their sustenance from farm and farm related occupations. At least during next two or three decades, the agricultural sector must provide employment opportunities in rural areas. The studies conducted in the past have broadly concluded that technological progress based on seed, fertilizer and irrigation is generally labour-using in nature whereas mechanization via tractors, pump sets, harvesters and threshers is usually labour –saving in nature. However, usually these two aspects of the technological progress are complementary in nature and as such there is no consensus regarding the total effect of technological progress on labour absorption. In this context, both dry land and wet land technologies have been considered to assess labour absorption in Salem District, Tamilnadu.

This work deals with the vibrational spectroscopy of Hexafluorobenzene (HFB) by means of quantum chemical calculations. The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra were measured in the condensed state. The fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of vibrational bands were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) with the standard B3LYP / 6-311+G** basis set combinations, and was scaled using various scale factors which yields a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies. The vibrational spectra were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate analysis based on scaled quantum mechanical force field. The results of the calculations were applied to simulated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound, which showed excellent agreement with the observed spectra.

The role of electronic equipments in the industry has increased tremendously in recent past. With new technologies and techniques being considered in other domains, such as automotive, multimedia communications, mobile applications bring down the cost of the electronic gadgets. As the cost factor controls the reliability and volume issues, there is a need for design and development of low cost, reliable technology for industrial applications. The proposed techniques have been modeled using Verilog HDL and the models have been verified using test benches with a functional coverage of 95%. The results obtained have been compared with MATLAB results, which are considered to be a benchmark. The HDL (Hardware Description Language) code is synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler targeting 130-nanometer TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) library and target technology. The synthesized netlist obtained for all the adaptive filtering techniques proposed in this research work is taken through physical design flow consisting of Floorplanning, Placement and Routing steps. The results obtained at each step are simulated for the functionality. The final GDSII (Graphical Design Standard II) file is generated for the proposed techniques.. The floor planning, placement and routing of the netlist ensures that the overall size for the entire chip does not exceed by 2.15 square millimeters. The results obtained for adaptive filtering techniques have proven that the complexities in the industrial applications can be met if the design is implemented on ASIC.

This study empirically examines the commitment factors contributing to employee share in Higher Education Institutes of Khyber Pakhtonkhuwa (KPK) province of Pakistan. In total 200 questioners are distributed out of which 133 are returned in completed form with a percentage of 66.5%. A multiple regression analysis is performed; Employee Commitment is taken as the Dependent variable while Top Management Behavior, Compensation & Benefits, Career Development Opportunities and Working Conditions are the independent variables of this study. The results of this study confirm that employee’s commitment is significantly associated with their independent factors. The results of the study are valuable to both academics and policy makers.

We are very happy to announce that from 21st March 2011, Prof.M. Ashraf Bhat has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Molecular Biology. Prof.M. Ashraf Bhat is currently working Molecular Biology Laboratory Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Shalimar-191 121, Srinagar, J&K, India. The appointment of Prof.M. Ashraf Bhat as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 21st March 2011, Dr.K.Geetha has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Dr.K.Geetha is currently working as Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India. The appointment of Prof.K.Geetha as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 21st March 2011, Prof.Adarabioyo,Mumini Idowu has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Statistics. Prof. Adarabioyo,Mumini Idowu is currently working Department of Statistics Achievers University, Owo, PMB 1030, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. The appointment of Prof. Adarabioyo,Mumini Idowu as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 21st March 2011, Prof.Omeh Yusuf S has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Biochemistry. Prof.Omeh Yusuf S is currently working Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267 Umuahia, Abia State Nigeria. The appointment of Prof.Omeh Yusuf S as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief