Archives-June 2021

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction named Ogilvie’s syndrome, is a distinct form of colonic dilatation without evidence of underlying mechanical or anatomic cause. Despite the absence of an obstructing lesion, colonic distention can be rapidly progressive and lead to necrosis and perforation of the large bowel. CT scan is the most useful imaging CT images helps to differentiate colonic pseudo obstruction from other causes of obstruction. We present a case of Ogilvie’s syndrome, with typical imaging features.

Environmental pollution control using Wetlands for poverty alleviation research was conducted in Nachingwea District at latitude 10° 30' S and Longitude 38° 20' E. The general objective examined the use of wetlands for environmental pollution control and poverty alleviation for Sustainable Development. Specificaly (i)To identify types of wetlands environment at Nachingwea in Tanzania.(ii)To examine the contributions of wetlands in environmental pollution control and poverty alleviation. The research hypotheses:Null (Ho) and the alternative (Ha) hypotheses at a significant level of 0.05. Ho: Wetlands in Rural and Urban localities contribute significantly in environmental pollution control and poverty alleviation. for Sustainable Development. Ha: Wetlands in Rural and Urban localities do not contribute significantly in environmental pollution control and poverty alleviation. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. Data collection involved observation, questionnaire, interview and documentary review. Random sampling was used to identify people from each village for the administration of questionnaires and the interview. Data analysis utilised Excel (2007) to construct percentage Tables and online ICT facilities. Results revealed Nachingwea District wetlands for poverty alleviation were in rural localities while for environmental pollution controls were in urban. The results indicated wetlands contribute significantly in environmental pollution control and poverty alleviation. These are through agricultural and mining activities which create employment by food and cash-crops production and livestock for increasing income to alleviate poverty. Aesthetics for tourism, hoabouring migratory birds, fishing and other activities create jobs. It is recommended that the utilization and management of wetlands for production purposes should be considered by the community, policy makers and researchers. This is a strategy in the environmental conservation as a significant area of environmental pollution control and poverty alleviation for Sustainable Development.

Intestinal cystic pneumatosis is a rare, benign and often an asymptomatic disease. It is considered to be one of the main causes of non-surgical pneumoperitoneum. We report the case of a 53 year-old woman with diffuse pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis revealed by a pseudo-occlusive syndrome and whose diagnosis was suggested by imaging. The evolution under medical treatment was simple and without having to resort to surgery. 

HHE syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of prolonged clonic seizures with unilateral predominance occurring during fever in infancy, who subsequently develop a transient or definitive hemiplegia. Later partial epilepsy is often observed. We report a case of a four-year and nine-month-old boy with hemiconvulsion–hemiplegia–epilepsy (HHE) syndrome documented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in its acute phase. In particular, T2 and DWI abnormalities appear to be well correlated with parenchymal damage that results from sustained ictal activity.

Sarcomas of the prostate are rare and represent less than 0.1% of cancers of this gland, represented mainly by leiomyosarcomas. It is a rare type of tumor, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 53%. occur mainly in children and young adults. These tumours show predilection for bones and soft tissues in the paraspinal region and lower extremities . Its therapeutic means represent a real problem for the urologist. We report the case of a young patient admitted for urine disorder, the MRI showed that the diagnois was prostatic PNET.

The failure of free market assumptions, which are preconditions for free operation of markets leading to welfare maximization, create concerns for consumers in relation to access, pricing, safety, quality and choice of goods and services. Consumer protection is therefore essential as a way of dealing effectively with these adverse effects of market failure from the demand side. Competition and consumers’ protection laws are generally accepted tools of consumers’ protection. Many countries have a long experience on competition and consumers’ protection laws. Though it is late Ethiopia has also enacted the Trade Practice Proclamation No.329/2003 in 2003 and the effective law “Trade Competition and Consumer Protection Proclamation No.813/2014 (TCCPP)” on March 21, 2014. This proclamation provides different rules aimed at enhancing competition and consumers’ protection in the country. It also establishes institutional frameworks for its implementation. However, the objectives of the law haven’t been achieved and consumers in Ethiopia are suffering from various abuses. This paper is therefore devoted to scrutinize the conditions of consumers in Ethiopia and the responsibilities of the government and companies towards enhancing the protection of consumers. It has been observed that consumers all over the country have been known to be victims of both producers and sellers in the market place. In most of the products offered for sale in the market are usually of low quality, high price and sometimes even a threat to life. It is argued that to improve consumers’ protection the government should reduce its direct involvement in the market, strength enforcement institutions, strength standardization and prior approval systems, and encourage consumers associations and Self-Regulatory schemes. Companies should also discharge their mandatory obligations and Social responsibilities (CSR); and involve in Self-Regulatory schemes.

The very purpose of the WTO trading system is to keep away barriers to international trade in goods and services. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is one of the WTO administered multilateral trading instruments, aimed at freeing trade in services by regulating government measures affecting trade in services. The WTO/GATS system provides varieties of obligations/conditions for countries wishing to join the system. Before joining the WTO countries are required to adjust many aspects their trading systems in the way that facilitate free trade in services. Members of the organization have also variety of obligations to be in existence as long as membership is not terminated. Thus, joining the WTO/GATS system has a huge impact on the service sectors of members. Accordingly, this impact is expected to happen on the telecommunications services sector of Ethiopia, on the process to accede the WTO since 2003. The current operation of the Ethiopian telecommunications services sector monopolized by an enterprise, Ethio-Telecom. Despite the law provides a possibility whereby investors (domestic or foreign) can invest on the telecommunications services sector jointly with the government, currently almost all activities in the sector are operated by Ethio-telecom. With these and many other situations in the sector Ethiopia is on the way to accede the WTO. This article is therefore devoted to scrutinize the impact of Ethiopia’s accession to the WTO on its telecommunications services sector.

Gardner's fibroma is a rare benign soft tissue tumor most commonly occurring between infancy and adolescence. Approximately 70% are associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Gardner’s syndrome which are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. We report the observation of a young 16-year-old patient who underwent surgical resection of a large right lateral cervical mass, whose anatomopathological analysis of the operative specimen confirmed the diagnosis of Gardner's fibroma. Considering the association between this histological type and the FAP, a family survey and an endoscopic digestive exploration in search of a recto-colic polyposis coming back negative. The diagnosis is an isolated sporadic Gardner's fibroma.

Ductal carcinoma is a rare tumor, which accounts for 1 to 3% of all malignant salivary gland tumors primarily affecting middle-aged men with a high potential for metastasis. In salivary gland neoplasms, rhabdoid cells are not commonly seen. We report the case of a 58-year-old man, who presented a mass of the left cheek evolving for 3 months, who underwent an exofacial parotidectomy, the extemporaneous histopathological analysis of the specimen revealed a ductal carcinoma with rhabdoid features. We completed by a total conservative parotidectomy of the facial nerve. Salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features should be distinguished from malignant lymphoma, malignant melanoma, and myogenic sarcomas. Transformation to ductal carcinoma with rhabdoid features has occurred in metastatic lesions. Treatment was based on extensive carcinological resection with postoperative radiotherapy with regular follow-up.

Enzymatic potentials of thermo-tolerant bacteria from waste dumpsites were analyzed. 30 soil samples were collected using sterile spatular into sterile universal bottles, labelled and taken to the laboratory analyses. The soil samples were serially diluted and inoculated by spread plate method on different media and incubated at 30oC for 48 hrs. The pure isolates were stored in agar slants in the refrigerator for further use. Isolates with thermophilic ability were screened for amylase, protease and lipase activity. Effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity of the thermophilic bacterial isolates were also assessed. Bacillus subtilis (70.0%), Bacillus licheniformis (43.3%), Bacillus cereus (56.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (56.7%), Streptomyces species (36.7%), Bacillus brevis (43.3%) and Norcadia species (30%) were isolated from the soil samples. All the bacterial isolates tolerated 55oC temperature while only Bacillus cereus, Bacillus brevis and Norcadia species were isolated at 60oC. All the isolates except Pseudomonas aeruginosa gave amylase activity while all the isolates gave protease activity. All the isolates except Bacillus licheniformis and Nocardia species showed lipase activity. Temperature and pH had varied effects on the enzyme activity of the isolates. These bacteria are good sources of enzymes at thermophilic temperatures and varied pH for commercial use.