Archives-June 2016

For efficient heating with lesser fuel consumption and a quick way of heating, oxyfuel has been clearly shown to produce very low emissions of CO2 and NOX as compared to air-fuel for 15 years. Among oxyfuels, flameless oxyfuels can be even more economical and technically superior for higher production rates, excellent uniform heating and very low NOX emissions. In the present study, our casting centres have accommodated a number of reheating furnaces along with preheating stands working on flameless oxyfuel to 1 tonne capacity of smallest size ladles. Flameless oxyfuel has improved to a greater uniformity in heat distribution and decreased fuel consumption approximately by 30-65% compared to air-fuel mixture. It also falls to low NOX emission during high levels of ingress air, which is essential for economical use. In this work it lowered scaling losses, refractory wear during reheating and ladle preheating respectively by improving the steel quality to be produced during casting. It is also seen that for low calorific value (below 7-7.5 MJ/Nm3) gases such as top gas released from the furnace, use of oxyfuel combustion is an absolute requirement. With the advances in today’s technology, combining air-fuel and flameless oxyfuel can create semi-flameless combustion without replacing the air-fuel burners. The paper highlights the working of flameless oxyfuel and its application and also presents the results that have been achieved in controlling pollution and consumption.

The mixed-ligand complex of [Cu(bipy)2S8(ClO4)2 was synthesized and characterized by employing elemental analyses, metal analyses, infrared and UV-Vis spectroscopy, room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements, conductivity measurements and theoretical studies. The elemental and metal analyses show good agreement which support the formulation for the complex. The Cu-S band in the infrared spectrum at 465 cm -1, indicate the formation of the complex. The UV-Vis spectra shows different intraligand transitions at 49,505 cm-1 , 33,445 cm-1, 32,467 cm-1 and the bands at 13,661 cm-1 with a shoulder at 11,820 cm-1 in the visible region supported the CHN data for the formation of the five-coordinate complex. The magnetic moment value at 1.40 B.M indicates the presence of a strong antiferromagnetic properties of the complex. A 1:2 electrolyte nature of the complex was revealed in the conductivity value of 179 mho cm2 mol-1. The theoretical calculations predicted a distorted square pyramidal with S8 in the apical position for the complex with Cu(II)-S bond distance calculated to be 2.874 Å and 2.199 Å for PM3 and DFT methods respectively. The low negative value of S.E (–1.58 kcal/mol) calculated for [Cu(bipy)2S8 ]2+ ion suggested that the complex is more likely to exist either in solution or as an amorphous compound. Keyword: mixed- ligand, metal analyses, antiferromagnetic, electrolytes, transitions

This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design intended to compare the effect of focus on form versus. focus on forms instruction on grammar achievement among Azari-speaking EFL third-grade high school students at Bostan Abad, East Azerbaijan. Two intact classes were provided by the two different instruction methods, the scores of Forty two students out of them were taken into account. There were twenty four persons in experimental group and twenty one students in control group. To ensure comparability and homogeneity of the participating groups prior to their treatment, participants are given the Nelson test, and to measure the effects of treatment, a grammar test , taken from university entrance exam tests (Konkur) , was administered. The results of Independent-samples t-test indicated that there was a significant difference in scores for experimental group(M=31.47 ,SD=7.55)and control group(M=26.28,SD=8.13 ;t(40)= -2.14 ,p=0.03,two-tailed).The magnitude of the differences in the means(mean difference=-5.19 ,95 CI: -10.08to -0.29)was very large effect(eta squared=0.10).The learners in the focus on form group outperformed the learners in the focus on forms instruction . It is highly recommended that teachers should correct errors in learners’ written or spoken language in ways that help them notice and learn from their errors.

A field experiment was carried out in the mashkhab rice research station of the Agricultural Foundation of Researches at the Ministry of Agriculture, during the growing season of summer 2015. Two rice cultivars included amber 33 and Jasmine, which represented main plots, and three levels of transplanting methods included mechanical transplanting by riding transplanter, mechanical transplanting by walking transplanter and manual transplanting, which represent sub plots were used in the experiment. Fuel consumption, actual field capacity, ratio of hill missing, Percentage of hill damage and grains yield were measured in this study. Split plot design under randomized complete block design with four replications was used in this study. Least significant differences (LSD) at 5% level was used to compare the mean of treatments. The results were showed: The superiority of walking transplanter consumes less amount of fuel amounted 8.56 liters / hect. compared with riding transplanter which consume 11.20 liters / hect.. The riding transplanter Achieved field capacity amounted 0.2380 hect / h which significant superior than manual transplanting and walking transplanter, which achieved a capacity stood 0.0038 and 0.1370 hectares / h respectively. Hand transplanting recorded less ratio of hill missing stood 5.93% comparing with riding transplanter which recorded ratio of hill missing and walking transplanter which recorded a rate of 8.14%. 5.42% percentage of hill damage for riding transplanter comparing with 7.77% for manual transplanting. There was not significant differences appear in the grains product for used transplanting. It appears from the research results that the mechanical transplanting achieves more field capacity compared with manual transplanting. Demonstrating the success of using rice mechanic transplanting in Iraq.

In the present work experimental setup is planned, designed and fabricated for the study on jet impingement heat transfer on flat and curved surfaces of radius of curvature 0.5, 0.725, 1.3. Experiment was conducted for the varying Reynolds number of 3500, 5500 and 9000. The heat transfer characteristics of a slot jet obtained from nozzle designed is impinged on concave and flat surfaces with constant heat flux have been analyzed experimentally. The effects of surface curvature R/L, the dimensionless nozzle to surface distance and Reynolds number on average Nusselt number of plate is obtained. It is found that Reynolds number has greater influence on heat transfer from the plates as the H/W ratio varies. The findings of the present study can be utilized to investigate the curvature of the blade for which heat transfer is more and to optimize the cooling rates in the surfaces for the better design of the gas turbine blades.

Purpose: To find out the prevalence of postpartum depression and its associated risk factors. Design:A descriptive cross sectional prospective survey with sample of 345 postnatal women. Methods: Women were interviewed in hospital after delivery to collect demographic, marital and obstetrical details and participated in a telephonic structured interview 6 weeks after discharge. Additional data were extracted from the records of the women in the hospital.The instruments used were: Background variables Instrument and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Descriptive statistics, Chi- square test, Fisher’s exact test, odds ratio, and a logistic regression analysis were performed. Findings: 2.9% of the women screened positive for postpartum depression with EDPS. Women’s income, unwanted pregnancy for the husband , marital relationship and adverse life events during past one year were significantly associated with PPD at p < .05 in univariable analyses. The multivariable analysis identified two predictor variables for depression: unwanted pregnancy for the husband (odds ratio= 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02-0.84 , p < .03) and marital relationship (odds ratio= 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01-0.47 , p < .006). Conclusions: Mothers who experience unpleasant marital relationship, adverse life events and an unwanted pregnancy, are at increased risk of getting postpartum depression. Keywords: Postpartum Depression, postnatal women, risk factors.

In the present paper, unsteady MHD flow past an impulsively started vertical plate with constant wall temperature and variable mass diffusion in the presence of Hall current is studied. The fluid considered is an electrically conducting, absorbing-emitting radiation but a non-scattering medium. The Laplace transform technique has been used to find the solutions for the velocity profile and skin friction. The velocity profile and skin friction have been studied for different parameters like Schmidt number, Hall parameter, magnetic parameter, mass Grashof number, thermal Grashof number, Prandtl number, and time. The effect of parameters are shown graphically and the value of the skin-friction for different parameters has been tabulated.

This article focuses on the study of biodiversity' changes in Khor Abuhabil area. The intentions of the article are to study the change in biodiversity, and distinguish its main indicators and causes. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources together with Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing to track the changes in biodiversity through different periods. The descriptive and statistical analytical methods; density index, ARC MAP 10 and ERDAS 8.5 are used for the data analysis. The study points out that changes in biodiversity is a wide spread phenomena in Khor Abuhabil area as indicated by 98.4% of the respondents, the analysis of the satellites images and index of density. The forest and grass area decreased from 3708 km² to 819 km² and from 9817 km² to 4578 km² during the period 1972 to 2013 respectively, and concurrently, the cultivated area increased by 40% during the same period, at the expense of biodiversity. The changes in biodiversity represented by change in vegetation cover including the dominance of Calotrpis procera, Maerua crassifolia, Boscia angustifolis, Guiera senegalensis trees and decreased in Acacia senegal, Acacia mellifera and Dalbergia melanoxylon. The study also indicates the decreased and disappearance of palatable grass species like Triumpettaf lavesscens, Ischamum brachyatherum, Eragrostis pilosa and appearances of unpalatable grass species like Triumpetta flavesscens. The study also showed that many wildlife animals like Panther atigris, Crocuta crocuta, Viverra civetta and Gazella dorcas disappeared whereas birds like Bubulcus ibis, Ploceus galbula and Apus apus have become very abundant. The study concluded that the main causes stand behind the phenomena of change in biodiversity represented in frequent drought years 1973, 1984, 1991 and 2003, fluctuation of rainfall, overgrazing and misuse of trees and over hunting (P <0.001).

Organizations, related to communication, and managers usually most of his time is spent communicating it. To create harmony between the human and material elements, in the form of a network of efficient, and effective communication is desirable, because when you lose, the activity stops. In fact, the management of construction work depends to communicate effectively. The world in which we live, is the world of communication. Communication and information searches audience is so fast that, in the heart of London or even in the farthest and most remote places on Earth also penetrated the heart and soul of the audience, and makes him aware of the associated organizations, with unstoppable speed continues to gallop ahead, and organizations into challenges. This research is descriptive method of analysis, the factors have been explored communication, research findings indicate that the Community can play a role in the survival and development organizations, and coordination they have, and can also be used in case of lack of control, and manage the effects of have negative and harmful. In this paper, enjoying the role of management, and management of communications systems reduce the effects of this widespread phenomenon, and it applied to corporate interests.

This study is aimed at assessing & comparing the levels of some heavy metals in most commonly sold and/or consumed soft and alcoholic drinks in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. Three brands each of soft drink (Coke, 7Up & Maltina) and alcoholic drinks (Orijin, Trophy & Goldberg) were bought and analyzed for copper, chromium & lead using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique. 30 mL of each of the sample was digested, after allowing the sample to stand for 24 hrs for gas evaporation, using dry ashing method; 10 mL of concentrated HNO3 was added to the ash, filtered and made up to 30 mL mark with 0.1 M HNO3. The digested samples were analyzed for Cu, Cr & Pb using Buck Scientific Model 210VGP Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results showed that overall mean levels of Cu were 0.05 ± 0.03 mg/L and 0.09 ± 0.04 mg/L for soft & alcoholic drinks respectively. Chromium was below detection limit of the FAAS and can be inferred to be below tolerance limit set by NIS (0.05mg/L). Lead was detected in both sampled drinks at a concentration ranging from 0.010 - 0.140 mg/L for soft drinks and