Archives-June 2015

The present study aimed to determine the influence of the compassionate mind based cognitive therapy on negative emotions and ruminations of women with depression who were referred to the treatment centers. Current study is an experimental pre-post test design with control group. The study population included all depressed women in Ardebil during 2011. Subjects consisted 34 depressed women which were selected by convinced method and divided randomly in two experimental and control groups. To collect data,we used Beck depression, self consciousness emotions scale , rumination scale and self compassionate scale. Compassionate mind based cognitive therapy was used as the intervention.The data was analyzed by multiple analyses of variance method (MANOVA). The results of analysis variance showed compassionate mind based cognitive therapy would significantly decreased shame, guilt, mind ruminations and depression signs in depressed women. By paying attention to the result of the present research, the implication of compassionate mind based cognitive therapy is recommended.

This study was to "examine the relationship between family functioning and parenting style and perfectionism of adolescent students of Shemiranat that has conducted in a descriptive-correlation style. The statistical population in this study includes all high school students in the Shamiran city that has been done according to the latest available statistics and data in 10625. According the extend size of the studied population, a simple random sampling method is used. Finally from the mentioned population, a sample size with amount of 371 students was chosen. To measure the variables used in the study, I used 3 questionnaires according to BOMRIND (1971) parenting style, NATAN B. ENSTIEN et al (1998) questionnaire and HILLS perfectionism questionnaire (2004). The content and form of the questionnaires was approved by experts. The GERONBACH ALFA for parenting style questionnaire was 0.85, for family functioning questionnaire was 0.86 and for perfectionism questionnaire was 0.87. The data analyzing was according to the results of Pearson correlation test and Regression. Pearson correlation test results indicated that there is a positive and meaningful relation between authoritative parenting style and perfectionism style. But between authoritative parenting style and perfectionism there is a reverse and negative relation. Finally there is no meaningful relation between Leniency style and perfectionism. Also the results of regression test showed that there is a meaningful relation between family functioning (solving problem, communication, roles, emotional replication, emotional involvement, behavioral control, general family functioning) and perfectionism. In general, the results showed that among family functioning features, four features (emotional involvement, behavioral control, general functioning, and emotional replication) have the ability to predict perfectionism.

Following the large reserve of untapped natural gas in the world, the utilisation of gas reserve is a possible solution to increasing energy demand and a possible reduction in pollution and crude oil dependency. Due to its (Natural gas) lower hydrocarbon fraction it can be converted to higher petroleum products such as petrol (synthetic fuel), diesel, naphtha and aviation kerosene which are products on high demand. Emission performances of hydrocarbon products produce from gas are better than those from conventional crude oil cracking process. A process known as Fischer Tropsch (F-T) process, requiring an F-T plant is used for the conversion of natural gas into higher derivatives. The process involves three basic stages; Syngas Generation, Catalytic Synthesis to form petroleum products and Hydro-processing to convert into finished product. In an attempt to ensure a major step in utilising the large gas reserve in Nigeria, the setup of F-T plant in the Niger-Delta region is proposed. The choice of establishing the F-T plant in the Niger-Delta region is not political but an economic one; this is so because the feedstock (natural gas) is available in large quantity and transportation is less, thereby cutting cost. Investors will require reasonable model variables which includes a suitable depreciation evaluation, a profitable risk portfolio and a project fixed cost, which are the responsibilities of a petroleum economist. This paper addressed a comparative study of Gas to liquid fuel as an alternative to refined crude oil. Various parameters were evaluated: physical and chemical properties of the product, emission discharge, pollutants. The results obtained showed that gas to liquid products has environmental and efficient benefits over petroleum derived products (crude oil).

Steel tie rods are being used in load carrying components such as steering systems, suspension bridges, spokes of automotive vehicles, etc.. In steel tie rods, the bearing capacity is determined by steel tie rod body strength and also the strength of the threaded connection, which can resist force. The past literature reviewed that work has been done related to triangular and trapezoidal threads and also studied failure analysis of threads. In this paper focus to analyze the failures of different threaded shapes like acme, buttress and modified square. The material has taken for this project is mild steel is2062. The tensile rupture experiments were done to test maximum allowable axial working loads for different numbers of turns of engaged threads. By carrying out these experiments, Found that Maximum and Minimum Displacement at Ultimate Load in Tensile Test. For validating the design, the models were drawn in Catia V5 and analysis was carried using ANSYS 14.0 to find out the axial displacement, von misses stresses, and sliding distance. After careful analysis, concluded that the minimum number of turns of thread engagement to avoid the breakdown of thread connection in the tie rod.

Lens of Pteropus giganteus is found to be 2.05mm. The medulla and cortex are well organized. Crystallinity of lens fiber is prominent in both cortex and medulla. Lens fibers show wavy nature when magnified. The presence of fine particles (.3 nm) in lens fibrils indicates the presence of some cylindrical scatters. The collagen fibril diameter is found to be about 30 nm and the center-to-center spacing is about 50 nm. The significance of these micro structural features of lens and its role in visual physiology of P. giganteus is discussed.

The tribal who were protecting the natural resources for the centuries are now being deprived of these natural resources for the development projects. The tribal area is full of natural resources which contains bauxite, iron ore, coal etc. these are required for the manufacturing industries. Deprivation of these natural resources are making them more vulnerable marginalized group. They become not only socially and economically marginalized groups but also physiological and cultural marginalized groups. The State is required to take ‘affirmative action’ to stop the marginalization of the tribal group. Generally the ‘affirmative action’ means as reservation policies for the marginalized groups in jobs. It is not the whole truth meaning of ‘affirmative action’. Any action of the State to minimize the difference between the advanced group of society and non-advanced group of the society is affirmative action. The Central Government has enacted a law titled as The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 to reduce the pain caused to tribes by development induced displacement. This article will explore how The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 is working as affirmative action for tribes. It will also enumerate the pain suffered by the tribes in the process of development projects.

Marriage has been seen as an essential tool in creating an ideal society. Through marriage institution, a man and a woman could stay jointly and live through affection and happiness. However, due to the lack of spiritual knowledge and practice, some couples, specifically Muslims married couples, facing marital conflicts that lead to either marital distress or marital dissolution. Therefore, this paper discusses the importance of a psycho-spiritual approach based on Islamic perspective to help Muslims married couples to understand and strengthen their marriage relationships. Four elements of human nature; ruh (spirit), qalb (heart), aql (intellect), and nafs (soul), will be discussed to understand the nature of human beings. This paper will examine how these four elements influence Muslim married couples’ personality in order to be affective couples. In addition, the spiritual practices of tazkiyatun nafs (purification of the soul) will be presented to assist Muslim couples fulfill their responsibilities as the vicegerents of Allah SWT on earth.

Laser therapy as a kind of treatment and rehabilitation method has been used for many years. This method has great potential for reducing pain, inflammation and neuro-rehabilitation. Researchers showed that laser has an important role on cellular repair, reproduction and inhibition. Resent studies help us better comprehension of these mechanisms for neuro-rehabilitation. The results of these studies are needed to be accompanied with medicine studies which have measurable outcomes. The researches showed the improvement neural system and rehabilitations. Also Laser will help to other parts for improving condition. It can be an important method in treatment of both chronic and acute work related neural injuries. As a result, laser therapy is applicable in the treatment and rehabilitation of pain, inflammation, tissue healing and also neuro-rehabilitation programs after surgery, acute phase of injuries and chronic neural disorders.

Research and investigation was carried out on “Assessing the impacts of climate change on Surface Water Resources of Dal Catchment”. Two catchments of Dal Lake viz. Dachigam and Telbal were selected for the study purpose; since the two alone contribute about 80% to the waters of Dal Lake. The stream discharges and climatic data were obtained for the previous 20 years. The three main variables of study were discharge, temperature and precipitation; discharge being the response variable with respect to the remaining two. Trend lines were established for each of the variables with the help of the 5 year moving averages; which revealed the increasing trend in the temperature and the stream discharge, while a decreasing trend was visible in the precipitation. The trend of the three parameters was in accordance with the global climatic and hydrological findings. Further, to analyze the findings, Mann-Kendal’s test was used to ascertain the results. As per this test, discharge displays a significant trend over the given period of study at 5% significance levels with a p-value of 0.006; temperature also indicates a significant trend at 10% significance level with a p-value of 0.086 while the precipitation could not reveal any significant trend over the limited time frame of study even at 10% significance level, which could be a result of the seasonal dimension to it. The given study concluded that there was an adverse effect of the climate change on the catchment of the Dal Lake.

Watershed prioritization has gained importance in natural resources management, especially in the context of watershed management. The prioritization process identifies the highest priority watershed(s) or erosion susceptibility zone in which to conduct management. Morphometric analysis has been applied to prioritization of micro-watersheds as watershed characteristics of a basin represent its physical and morphological attributes that are employed in synthesizing its hydrological response. The present study makes an attempt to prioritize thirty two micro-watersheds of Dal lake Catchment of Srinagar district, Jammu and Kashmir based on morphometric parameters using GIS techniques. Various morphometric parameters, namely linear parameters and shape parameters have been determined using Survey of India (SOI) toposheets at 1:50,000 scale for each micro-watershed and assigned ranks on the basis of value/relationship so as to arrive at a computed value for a final ranking of the micro-watersheds. The analysis has revealed that the total number as well as total length of stream segments is maximum in first order streams and decreases as the stream order increases. Horton’s law of stream numbers and stream lengths is also found to be in conformity with the catchment.