Archives-June 2015

In the present study numerical analysis of enhancement in heat transfer characteristics in a double pipe heat exchanger is studied using a holed twisted tape. The twisted tape with a constant twist ratio is inserted in a double pipe heat exchanger. Holes of diameter 1mm, 3 mm and 5 mm were drilled at regular pitch throughout the length of the tape. Numerical modeling of a double pipe heat exchanger with the holed twisted tape was constructed considering hot fluid flowing in the inner pipe and cold fluid through the annulus. Simulation was done for varied mass flow rates of hot fluid in the turbulent condition keeping the mass flow rate of cold fluid being constant. Thermal properties like Outlet temperatures, Nusselt number overall heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate and pressure drop were determined for all the cases. Results indicated that normal twisted tape without holes performed better than the bare tube. In the tested range of mass flow rates the average Nusselt number and heat transfer rate were increased by 85% and 34% respectively. Performance of Twisted tape with holes was slightly reduced than the normal twisted tape and it deteriorated further for higher values hole diameter. Pressure drop was found to be higher for the holed twisted tape than the normal tape.

Electronic industry is one of the fastest growing manufacturing industry in India. But the increase in sales of electronic goods and their rapid obsolescence has resulted in generation of electronic waste, which is popularly known as E-waste. It includes discarded electronic and electrical equipment. Developing countries face enormous challenges which are related to the generation and management of E-waste which are either internally generated or imported illegally; India is no exception. However, the existing management practices related to E-waste in India are reasonably poor and have the potential to risk both human health and the environment. Moreover, the policy level initiatives are not being implemented appropriately. This paper reviews E-waste generation, present scenario in India, health and environmental implication of E-waste and E-waste management in India.

The present land use land cover investigation made by using Recent and High resolution data IRS-Resource sat 2, L4FX. In this study proposes a 2014 land use land cover assessment of the study area. Based on land use land cover classification, the study area contains a seven type of classes. The Seven classes are Deciduous Forests, Build up/Mine area, Agriculture/ crop land areas, Evergreen and Semi evergreen forests, Cultivation and Plantation, Barren Land and Water bodies are occupying areas of 27%,18%,18%, 16%,15%, 6%, 0.4% respectively. Classified image was carried into accuracy assessment. The accuracy assessment gives a result of overall accuracy - 90%, Kappa Accuracy - 88%, Producer Accuracy - 90% and User Accuracy - 91%.

Lipoleiomyomas are unusually rare variant of uterine myomas. Its incidence varied from 0.03% to 0.2%. Lipoleiomyomas occur in different locations including cervix and ovaries. These tumors are benign and histological findings being composed of benign smooth muscle and mature adipose tissue. Clinically it is similar to leiomyomas, and most of lipoleiomyomas are asymptomatic requires no treatment.

In this study, the effects of Lpg–gasoline (10%, 20%, 30% LPG and 100% Gasoline) dual fuels on the performance of a single cylinder 4 stroke spark ignition (SI) engine were investigated. In the theoretical study, the Single-cylinder, four-stroke, Single-point injection system SI engine fitted to a Generator was used. For this purpose, simulations were carried out using AVL Boost Software, without catalytic convertor under constant engine speed (3600 rpm) and varying load conditions. The variations in Performance brake power, Torque, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gasses were examined at varying compression ratios for dual fuel single cylinder SI engine. Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology has long been recognized as a method for improving the fuel economy of SI engines. The results obtained from the use of Lpg–gasoline dual fuel were compared to those of gasoline fuel. The results indicated that when Lpg–gasoline dual fuel were used, the brake specific fuel consumption increased and engine performance parameters such as torque and power increases with increasing Lpg amount in the blended dual fuel. Positive results were obtained at all LPG usage levels in terms of exhaust emissions. Best results were achieved at using 100% Gasoline for exhaust emissions.

Hon’ble Supreme Court order for inclusion of NOTA has been welcomed by a larger section of the society who were questioning the relevancy and significance of democracy in India. This paper is an attempt to assess the impact of recently incorporated change in the EVM. The researcher on the basis of trends and existing no effect on outcome feel that recent changes and direction of supreme court will be futile exercise in terms of outcome in election process unless we will not affect the fate of candidates contesting and election outcome. Result of Madhya Pradesh Assembly is indicative of on the basis of those NOTA votes which are more than difference of winning candidate. If we include NOTA against the winning candidate what is the outcome. A serious thought are needed to redesign the consequence.

Biotechnological applications provide us significant economic and social benefits in areas such as health, agriculture, the environment and industry. Considering its advantages and potent capability innovation in genetic engineering and biotechnology has been extended protection of patent. Almost every international legal instrument has accepted the role of biotechnological inventions in growth of the society. However, when researchers and corporate houses moved for getting patent for higher life forms it was opposed on the ground that it will be in violation of traditional fundamentals of patent laws. Even the claim of patent was denied by patent offices for the process relating to study of growth of cancerous cell in the mouse. This paper is an attempt to assess the effect of patenting of higher life forms and also to identify the philosophical basis thereto. The researcher supports the corollary drawn by European Courts for the patenting of higher life forms.

A Scientometric study was carried out to measure the global research out put on genus Adansonia. This study is based on publications output on Adansonia during 1945-2013 as indexed by SCI-Expanded databases. It reflected that as many as 257 documents have been published with an average output of 3.77 publications per year that collected 2794 total citations, with an average of 10.87 citations per document, and h-index at 29. A total of 500 authors have contributed to this, and collaborative work of four authors accounted for about 56% of the publications. ‘Document’ category had maximum share (85.6%); the most popular subject category was “plant sciences” (76 articles), and the most common source (journal) was Agroforestry Systems (17 articles). The Universitéd'-Abomey-Calavi, Benin was the lead institute and USA, the leading country in number of publications with 22 and 42 publications, respectively. Madagascar, the home of six endemic species of Adansonia, published only 11 articles. Most of the publications were from non-native, developed countries which can be attributed to the availability of resources and access. Major international collaborations were between the technologically advanced countries and native countries of the species, revealing a symbiotic relationship. Though Adansonia is an economically and ecologically important genus, it has not attracted researchers’ attention so far. Out of nine species, Adansonia digitata has been the most studied species.

Politics is determination of the will of the government which is the subject of the political sciences and the administration of affairs is execution of the will of the government which is the subject of the administrative sciences. Politics and the public affairs administration are in equilibrium with another. In other words, the administration of the public affairs is a ground for the execution of the government's will and stands against the policy which determines the structure of the public affairs administration. Investigating each of the mentioned instances entails attention to the other. Types of governmental systems based on centralization are centralized, decentralized, condensed and federal and confederate. In the centralized, decentralized and condensed governmental systems, there is a delegation of power from the central government to the local governments, while in the federal and confederate governmental systems there is no such transfer of power. In each of the centralization and decentralization systems, the national state monitors the affairs, but the type and intensity of monitoring will be different. However, the main question relating to the paper is how monitoring is taking place in the political system governing the Islamic Republic of Iran with a look at two common centralized and decentralize systems based on the Islamic Republic of Iran's constitution? In writing this paper, the library method and such tools as note taking and Internet content were applied where each was discussed while collecting data.

MANETs use various anonymous routing protocols for hiding node identities and/or route identities from the outside observers in order to provide anonymity protection. Perhaps, existing anonymous routing protocols generate high cost or cannot offer complete anonymity protection to sources, destination and routes. To suggest high anonymity protection at a low cost, one of the proposed system is ALERT. ALERT energetically partitions the network field into zones and arbitrarily chooses nodes in zones as intermediate relay nodes, which form a nontraceable anonymous route. This partition process is called as hierarchical zone partition. In addition ALERT hides the data initiator or receiver among many initiators or receiver to reinforce the source as well as destination anonymity protection. Thus, ALERT offers anonymity protection to sources, destinations, and routes. It also has strategies to effectively encounter the intersection and timing attacks. Experimental results display stability with the theoretical analysis, and show that ALERT achieves better route anonymity protection in a low cost which it is compared with the other anonymous routing protocols.