Archives-July 2016

In this paper, the application of homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is applied to solve nonlinear fuzzy volterra integral classes equation. Comparison are made between the exact solution and solution of homotopy perturbation method, also we proved the convergence of the solution for the nonlinear fuzzy volterra integral classes equation with high computational and complexity to find the solution by using analytical method, so we describable this solution by using Homotopy perturbation method , in Banach fixed point theory for existence and uniqueness. Numerical examples are given to represent the efficiency and the accuracy of the method and all of the results reveal that the homotopy perturbation method is very effective and simple to solve our problem . Finally using the MAPLE program version (18).

The present study determined serum selenium, blood glucose, Glycosylated HbA1, and blood lipoprotein in diagnosed cases of type 2 Diabetes mellitus subjects (T2DM). Place and Duration: Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad from January 2015 to February 2016. Subject & Methods: A sample of 350 T2DM was selected through non probability purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood glucose, HbA1c, serum triglycerides (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), VLDL, LDLc, and HDLc were estimated. Serum selenium was measured by atomic absorption technique. The Data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 (USA) using appropriate statistical tests at 95% confidence interval. Results: Serum selenium deficiency was observed in 229 (65.4%) of cases. Serum selenium in normal (?70µg/L) and deficient (<70µg/L) was noted as 97.7± 1.29 and 63.9± 4.7 µg/L respectively (p=0.0001). Serum selenium showed negative correlation with TAG, TC, LDLc, VLDL, blood glucose and glycosylated HbA1. Conclusion: The present study reports serum selenium deficiency in majority of type 2 diabetics. Serum selenium showed negative correlation with TAG, TC, LDLc, VLDL, blood glucose and Glycosylated HbA1. Key words: Type 2 DM Serum selenium Glycemic control Dyslipidemia

The novel organotin(IV) complexes such as (p-ClBz)2SnBr2. Phen(2a) and (p-BrBz)2SnBr2. Phen(2b) were synthesized and characterized employing 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR analyses. The spectral studies revealed the complex formation of 1,10-phenanthroline with p-substituted diorganotin dibromides at normal reaction conditions. Single crystal diffraction of 2a and 2b has confirmed that the tin atom is in regular octahedral geometry with the benzyl group in the equidirectional position. The structures of these compounds have been characterized by FT-IR, FT-Raman techniques. The optimized geometrical parameters, vibrational wavenumbers, corresponding vibrational assignments of the complexes 2a and 2b have been investigated by means of the density functional theory. The vibrational frequencies were calculated and scaled values were compared with experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. The observed and calculated frequencies are found to be in good agreement. Moreover, the molecular electrostatic potential surfaces of the complexes have been constructed and electronic property such as HOMO and LUMO energies were also performed.

The balance of physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual student can be generated from both the academic and non-academic education. Student involvement in co-curricular activities can help to shape the soft skills of the students as the supply of self-promotion in the workplace. Student involvement, directly or indirectly can improve their soft skills, especially problem-solving skills that have a low percentage of the graduates in the country. The researchers wanted to investigate the students' perceptions of involvement in co-curricular activities to enhance the development of soft skills.

The rapid growth of the internet and the World Wide Web has led to the development of pharmacoinformatics technologies to assist oncology healthcare professionals in delivering optimum pharmaceutical care and health related outcomes. There is an increasing recognition that information technology can be effectively used for drug discovery. The work in pharmacoinformatics can be broadly divided into two categories - scientific aspects and service aspects. The scientific component deals with the drug discovery and development activities, whereas the service oriented aspects are more patient centric. Pharmacoinformatics subject feeds on many emerging information technologies like neuroinformatics, immunoinformatics, biosystem informatics, metabolomics, chemical reaction informatics, toxicoinformatics, cancer informatics, genome informatics, proteome informatics, biomedical informatics, The minimizing the time between a drug‘s discovery and its delivery to the marketplace and maintaining high productivity in the manufacturing processes. During a product‘s lifecycle many complex decisions must be made to achieve these goals. To better support the development and manufacturing processes at each stage, we have proposed a new epitome to facilitate the management and transfer of data information and knowledge. In future these information technology efforts are expected to grow both in terms of their reliability and scope. Thus, this emerging technology (pharmacoinformatics) is becoming an essential component of pharmaceutical sciences.

Meningococcal disease is a severe illness with high case fatality (5-10%) and frequent sequelae. Meningococcal meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the meningitis belt. Meningococcal disease is a major public health challenge in countries of sub-Saharan Africa lying in the meningitis belt. Human infections caused by meningococcal (Neisseria meningitidis) remain a serious health problem, infecting 500,000 to 1.2 million people and killing between 50,000 and 135,000 per year worldwide. The causative agent, Neisseria meningitidis normally lives in a commensal relationship with humans, colonizing the nasopharynx, and is transmitted between healthy persons by close contact. The most common symptoms are a stiff neck, high fever, sensitivity to light, confusion, headaches and vomiting. Low meningitis thresholds improve timely detection of epidemics. The diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis is confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, Gram stain, polymerase chain reaction, culture of cerebrospinal fluid. Meningococcal disease can be treated with a number of effective antibiotics. It is important that treatment be started as soon as possible. If meningococcal disease is suspected, antibiotics are given right away. Antibiotics effective for this purpose include rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone or azithromycin. Currently available meningococcal vaccines include polysaccharide vaccines against serogroups A, C, W135 & Y and newer protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against serogroup C. This review covers key aspects of the pathogenesis and management of meningococcal disease, as well as the very recent developments in disease epidemiology, outbreaks, and the evolution of meningococcal immunizations.

The purpose of this paper was to explore the link between student co-curricular activity and graduate employability. In an increasingly competitive graduate labor market, the potential benefits of students engaging in co-curricular activities to aid personal growth and development, build CVs and obtain a greater competitive advantage in the job market, appear increasingly attractive. This paper studies the relationship between co-curricular activities and graduate employability through literature review. However, there was a lack of evidence to demonstrate whether students’ participation in co-curricular activities increased their employment prospects.

Acute poisoning by Organophosphorus compounds is one of the important cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, especially in developing countries. Accidental and intentional pesticides poisoning occurs worldwide with a significant mortality. Recent studies have shown an increase in numbers with three hundred thousand deaths occurring in Asia alone. The most common pesticide in India are due to anti-cholinesterase’s which includes organophosphates and carbamate, followed by aluminum phosphide.The effective number of cases of pesticide poisoning occurring in India is very high, and the calculated number of intentional cases as reported by NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) is again very high. A retrospective analysis covering last 15 years showed the most common agents causing acute poisoning was anti-cholinesterase’s followed by aluminum phosphide.The with a mean age of 27.8 years(range 13 to 82 years) Organophosphates share structural similarity with acetylcholine and bind covalently with cholinesterase molecule. This results in accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses causing over stimulation at post-synaptic receptors in central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical features of acute OPC poisoning are secondary to stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the parasympathetic system, sympathetic ganglia; neuromuscular junctions.Disrruption of transmission will also occur at the acetylcholine receptor sites within the central nervous system. The muscarinic receptors,M1 and M2 have different regional distribution in brain. The M1 receptors are the main type found in the human cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus,while the M2 type dominates in the thalamus, brain stem,pons,and the cerebellum. Different subtypes of nicotinic receptors have been described in human brain using ligands with different affinities. Diagnosis of OPC poisoning is based on history of exposure to known OP compounds, characteristic clinical features. Estimation of acetyl cholinesterase activity is useful for confirmation of poisoning. But the degree of decrease in cholinesterase levels does not show linear relationship with severity of clinical features and prognosis. Detection of the offending agent in gastric lavage sample is one of the methods to determine the involved agent. OPC poisoning has several toxicological effects on the body, namely on respiratory system, cardiovascular system, neurological system & endocrinal system.

E-Learning stands for electronic learning, which means delivering a course through computer. The growth of e-learning is related to the growth of ICT and is favorable because of the decreasing hardware and software costs. But there are other costs as well which have to be kept in account like the cost of infrastructure, its maintenance, training of staff and many others. Cloud Computing provides a platform to support e-learning. This paper reviews how cloud computing can be used as an effective platform to support E-Learning.

Image compression is a widely addressed researched area. Image compression is a key technology in transmission and storage of digital images because of vast data associated with them. Various types of compression methods are present in place. The performance analysis of various schemes to compress a True image in graphical user interface is discussed in this paper. True images can be compressed with the help of same scheme as grayscale images by applying them to each of the three color components. Experimental results demonstrate that the STW wavelet algorithm is more efficient for PSNR while EZW method provides the better compression ratio.