Archives-July 2016

In this paper, we made an attempt to study the algebraic nature of a Interval valued fuzzy subhemiring of a hemiring.

Three general types of sports tourism exist in Malaysia: spectator sports, traditional sports and adventure sports. The purpose of this of this paper to examine a participative sport event, SUKIPT’s athlete, in order to illustrate the relations between athlete and the events to which they travel. Research method used was qualitative, quasi-experiment approach to examine a participative sport event, SUKIPT’s athlete. The impact is based on Gibson (1998), increased urbanization, civilization process, means for economic development, concern with health and well-being, advancement in “high tech” sports equipment, and advancement in communication and technological development.

Pure Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and Lithium doped Nickel Oxide nanoparticles at two different concentrations 0.01M, 0.02M were synthesized through co-precipitation method. From XRD analysis it is observed that all the three samples exhibit FCC cubic structure and the incorporation of lithium decreases the crystallite size with increase in the Li doping concentration. Optical absorption spectra reveal that the energy gap increases from 3.8 eV to 3.98 eV with increasing lithium doping concentration. The Photoluminescence spectra show that the PL intensity increases with increase in lithium content. The SEM images clearly show an agglomeration of nanoparticles and snowflake-like morphology. Cyclic voltammetry characterization was carried out for all the three samples to study electrochemical activity. The magnetic property of the samples was studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).

Oral performance in general plays a significant part in any academic field and it is a flexible tool that can be used to meet a variety of goals (Diamond, 1999; Graham, 2006). This study aimed to illuminate and investigate one psychological and crucial factor influencing the oral performance: Self-efficacy (SE). Lexical knowledge (LK) also plays a significant role in oral performances. An attempt was made to assess the relationship among self-efficacy, lexical knowledge, and oral performance. In so doing, after homogenizing the students as Intermediate ones via a placement test, a standard questionnaire of SE (Owen&Froman, 1988) was administered to intermediate students. In addition a lexical knowledge test was taken. Afterwards, the researcher asked the subjects to deliver a speech on a general topic. Based on the results, the subjects were divided into four groups: 1) High SE, High LK, 2) High SE, Low LK, 3) Low SE, High LK, and 4) Low SE, Low LK. The data collected as well as the scores given to their oral performances were analyzed through SPSS (21.00). Results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups of High self-efficacy, high lexical knowledge and Low self efficacy, low lexical knowledge. The former group outperformed the latter one. The outcomes of this study can have benefits for both foreign language teachers and learners. They both can attain better results by focusing more on the psychological factor of self-efficacy and linguistic factor of lexical knowledge in their roles. The findings of the present study demonstrated that more concentration ought to be placed on this psychological factor as well as lexical knowledge of the learners in order to enhance their oral performances.

The study examined the efficacy of instructional supervision in primary schools. Specifically, the study sought to determine the teacher’s perception on the efficacy of supervisory roles carried out by primary school head teachers and to establish the supervisory skills and aptitudes possessed by the head teachers in discharging their supervisory duties in Nyeri Central Sub-County, Nyeri County, Kenya. The study employed descriptive research design. The sample was 16 head teachers and 125 teachers. Data was collected by use of questionnaires which were administered to the teachers and head teachers. Data collected was edited, coded and entered in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.21) computer software. Quantitative methods were used in analyzing the data while results were presented in form of tables. Findings on the efficacy of head teachers in instructional supervision revealed that the head teachers demonstrated efficacy in providing instructional materials and facilities, motivating teachers for improved performance and in enforcing discipline. However, efficacy of the head teachers was found to be low in; making class visitations, defining of goals for academic achievement, monitoring classroom instruction, building capacity for teachers and in providing feedback on pupil’s performance. Most head teachers possessed and used managerial skills such as evaluation skills, discipline skills; reportorial skills and interactive skills in carrying out instructional supervision and that most head teachers lacked and did not use pedagogical and analytical skills. Most head teachers had no training in instructional supervision. Most head teachers delegated supervisory duties to deputy head teachers and senior teachers. The study recommended that head teachers be trained on instructional supervision so as to make them more effective, that instructional supervision be incorporated in the training curriculum, and that head teachers are appointed on the basis of the skills and aptitudes.

This research study examined the effect of economic and demographic factors associated with infant mortality in Pakistan .For this the data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2006-07 was utilized consisting of all Urban and rural areas of four provinces in Pakistan. The Binary Logistic Regression Model was employed for estimation. It was found that survival status of child depends directly or indirectly on parental education and health acquiring attitude. Parents with improved social status, protected source of water and access towards health services had better status of their child survival. Research study recommended that higher Literacy rate is useful to develop understanding about reproductive health and to optimise the use of available health resources. We find that Parental education, mother’s age at child birth, birth interval, birth order, use of prenatal care and access towards health professional by mother when pregnant have statistically significant effects on the survival status of children.

Successful healthcare organizations emphasize attracting human resource assets and aggressively seek to resolve and prevent high employee turnover. Measuring employee turnover in a healthcare department is fundamental to the success of the organization and the quality of care it delivers. The most important impact of employee turnover may be the effect on patient care. Generally, all patients prefer to be cared for by the same members of a healthcare team each time they require treatment. This involves building relationships between the patients and their respective healthcare organizations. Determining why employees are leaving an organization is an important part of developing an effective strategy. This study trace the effects of manager leadership characteristics on staff retention in private hospitals of 2 distract in Punjab. Effects of manager characteristics were traced to retention through work characteristics, job stress, job satisfaction, commitment, and intent to stay. Our sample size is about 100 employees in the hospitals and we collected it from different hospitals in Sargodha and Lahore district. For estimation and result analysis we used SPSS software .Descriptive statistics, Frequency distribution are done to get results and Bar charts are made to interpret results. On the basis of result we conclude that to keeps the employees in hospital for a long period of time needs to announce bonus for them. So they motivate and perform their level best for increasing the performance of hospital. Further to retain employees in hospital for a long period of time requires to give each employee equal career opportunities. On the bases of result we can say that every job is required to give training to employees for their better performance.

In this modern era, companies cannot survive without having strong marketing strategies. In this regard, present research reveals theoretical findings regarding the challenging issue of marketing in Emerging markets. In this study the main attributes of emerging markets are highlighted i.e. variability of infra-structure, variability of customers, variability of income and low rate of labor. Considering these attributes methods and techniques of marketing i.e. segmentation of market, distribution channels, price, product, advertisement and communication with customers are discussed in the context of emerging markets. Key words: Marketing, emerging markets

The aim of this study is to find out the effect of leverages on the profitability of the company. This research is conducted on the cement sector of Pakistan from 2009 to 2015. Degree of financial leverage (DFL) and degree of operating leverage (DOL) are representative of systematic risk and return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) as the measure of the profitability. Two models are built to find out the relation between systematic risks with profitability. OLS approach is used in the study. It is found that there is both negative and positive relationship exist within the two models ROA, DFL and DOL and ROE, DFL and DOL respectively.

A study on women’s involvement and their training needs in rice cultivation and in Chatra district of Jharkhand was studied in five selected villages one each from five selected blocks i.e. Kunda, Partappur, Simariya, Tandwa and Hunterganj covering 250 respondents. Results indicated that harvesting was the activity in which farm women were mostly involved followed by transplanting, weeding, seed selection and treatment, sowing and nursery raising and seed grain storage with weighted mean scores of 2.56, 2.57, 2.38, 2.25, 2.18, 1.96 and 1.37 respectively. Plant protection was rated first training need followed by seed and grain storage, land preparation, seed selection and treatment and sowing and nursery raising with weighted mean scores of 2.36, 2.24, 2.20, 2.08, 2.04, 2.01 respectively.