Archives-January 2015

An experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki to study effect of integrated nutrient management on some soil selected physical properties and grain yield of maize. The field was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design. There were five treatments namely poultry droppings mixed with burnt rice husk dust (PBRHD), cow dung mixed with unburnt rice husk dust (CURHD), goat dung mixed with saw dust (GSD) and NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer and control replicated four times. The data obtained from the study were subjected to Statistical Analysis System for Agriculture. The result showed that poultry droppings mixed with burnt rice husk dust (PBRHD), cow dung mixed with unburnt rice husk dust (CURHD), goat dung mixed with sawdust (GSD) and NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer had significantly (P<0.05) higher effect on total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, gravimetric moisture content (GMC) relative to control. The amendment of PBRHD showed significant (P<0.05) effect on hydraulic conductivity, gravimetric moisture content (GMC) and water retention (WR) when compared with control and NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer treatment. Significantly (P<0.05) lower dispersion ratio was obtained under PBRHD amended plots relative to control and NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer treatment. Furthermore, CURHD and GSD significantly (P<0.05) increased water retention relative to control and NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer application. Total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, gravimetric moisture content and dispersion ratio were higher by 6, 13, 87 and 64% in PBRHD amended plots when compared with NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer amended plots. The texture remained sandy clay loam after cropping. There was significantly (P<0.05) higher effect of PBRHD amendment on grain yield of maize compared to control and NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer treated plots. This was 22 and 20% increments of grain yield of maize in plots amended with PBRHD relative to control and NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer treatment. Generally, the integrated nutrient management improved soil physical properties and grain yield of maize more than control and NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer treatment. The order of improvement is PBRHD>CURHD>GSD>NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer>C. Integrated nutrient management could be recommended for soil management and sustainable productivity in Abakaliki agro-ecosystem of Nigeria.

Suitability of alternative mixes for container vegetable production was studied in a Plant and Screen house of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Ebonyi state University, Abakaliki. There were 5 growth media mixes and topsoil which included coconut husk mixed with pig dung, sawdust mixed with pig dung, burnt rice husk mixed with pig dung, fresh rice husk mixed with pig dung, burnt rice husk mixed with fresh rice husk mixed with sawdust mixed with coconut husk mixed with pig dung and native topsoil. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were replicated four times to give a total of twenty-four experimental units. Amaranthus cruntus L. was used as a container vegetable to serve as a test crop. Data from both media mixes, topsoil chemical properties and agronomic yield of Amaranthus cruntus L. were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results showed that organic wastes based media mixes had superior chemical properties for vegetable production compared to native topsoil. Mixing each organic based media with pig dung significantly (P<0.05) improved their percent N,OC and pH contents relative to top soil. Percent N,OC and pH were 46, 46,91 and 15 % for sawdust mixed with pig dung, burnt rice husk mixed with unburnt rice husk mixed with sawdust mixed with coconut mixed with pig dung, coconut husk mixed with pig dung and sawdust mixed with pig dung when compared with control. There was generally significantly (P<0.05) better Amaranthus cruntus L. performance in organic based mixes when compared to topsoil. Coconut husk mixed with pig doing had superior significant (P< 0.05) effect on leaf number, number of branches, plant height, leaf area index and fresh shoot weight of Amaranthus cruntus L. in the study compared to topsoil and other media mixes. Coconut husk mixed with pig dung was higher by 23, 18, 15, 39, 37 and 14% than topsoil for leaf number, number of branches, plant height, leaf area index and fresh shoot weight of Amaranthus cruntus L. respectively. The media mixes and topsoil enhanced chemical properties and agronomic yield in the order of coconut husks mixed with pig dung > fresh rice husk mixed with pig dung > burnt rice husk with fresh rice husk mixed with coconut husk mixed with sawdust mixed with pig dung > burnt rice husk mixed with pig dung > sawdust mixed with pig dung > topsoil. It was concluded that growing Amaranthus cruntus L. in media mixes and particularly coconut husk mixed with pig dung could serve as suitable alternative to soil in container vegetable production in Abakaliki agro ecology.

Biochemical and molecular characterization of five Trigonella accessions were carried out based on seed storage protein electrophoresis and RAPD marker. The electrophoretic pattern of proteins produced 3 monomorphic bands and 23 polymorphic bands and 7 species specific bands. RAPD results revealed high level of polymorphism among the studied genotypes. The primer OPP-02 produced reproducible polymorphic bands. A total of 19 amplified bands were generated across the studied accessions. 16 bands out of total number were polymorphic and 7 were unique. UPGMA dendrogram based Jacquard’s similarity matrix grouped all the accessions into two clusters. Based upon similarity matrix accessions A4 and A2 were close. On the other hand UPGMA dendrogram generated on the basis of jaccard’s similarity matrix revealed that accessions A1 and A2 Were very close to each other. No significant correlation was observed among the two marker systems utilized. It is concluded that Seed protein profiles could be useful, but RAPD profiles are reliable tools in the genetic diversity studies and genotype classification which can be used to improve the efficiency of Trigonella breeding programme.

Let f be an element and S a subset of a normed linear space x. A basic Problem of approximation theory is to find an element of S, which is as close as possible to f, i.e. seek an element S* of S such that ? f - S*? ? ?f - s? for all S* in S. This work seeks to use the fourier approximation method using the Inner product space to obtain a best approximation of functions. The fourier approximation in calculus is shown to be a special least square approximation. Define an inner product and norm on c[ -?, ?] by the equation. f.g =?_(-?)^??f(x) g(x)dx and ? f ?= [?_(-?)^??f^2 (x)dx]^(1/2) L Let Jn be the set of all trigonometric polynomial of degree at most n. We seek S* of Jn such that the integral ?_(-?)^?[f (x) - S* (x)] 2dx is minimum. The inner product space, or orthogonal projections, least square approximations and Fourier approximations are defined. The inner product space and orthogonal projection are applied to the least square approximation and subsequently to Fourier approximation in calculus.

Information technology has become an essential component of any financial organization in the present global scenario. Information Technology governance is a concept that has suddenly emerged and become an important issue in the information technology field. It has been observed by researcher banks in India are using IT based systems from last three decades for performing different banking functions but their implementation is done in a disorganized manner. Therefore implementation of IT is not as effective as it should be. In fact implementation is not everything all but its prefect governance is a must to get the optimum benefits of IT enabled modern technologies. For getting real fruits of IT, proper IT governance is required. This article tries to highlight importance of IT governance, obstacles in IT governance and implementation framework for IT governance in banks.

The evaluation of the proportion in urban land territorial use planning will be done for allocation of each use planning to the most suitable land with the aims of achieving the most efficiency in allocate use planning in regarding to giving the services to citizens and other controls and urban land activities as well. This operation is as a complicated process for its effects and its more dependencies of other different controls on each other and also on daily urban land activities and the effects of profits and several factors on urban land controls activities will increase the complexity of the problem. The mentioned complexity is lead synchronizing to use of the different tools for decision support informational system (space) and analyses the multi-criteria (SMCDM). One of the most important problems in urban land programming is determining the adequacy in land control. In this problem should be determined the best use planning for each unit of land according to environmental factors such as slope, height, aspects of slope, continent, erosion, lands sufficiency, dust and social and economical factors too. In this research work is conveyed four suitable methods to controls by spatial decision making methods in terms of Topsis, Electre, Saw, Ahp according to environmental criteria. The result of this research work is the most important usage for SMCDM in urban land programming subjects, determining the scale of different applies for each spatial unit in which is able to calculate by spatial multi-Criteria decision making systems.

The contemporary 21st century business environment is facing increased dynamism, which consequently is resulting in a dramatic change and stiff competition among organizations, jockeying for position in order to gain substantial market share. These changes and competitive spirit among participants in the private sector have not only created opportunity for companies to thrive, but have also driven the economy to lane one among developing economies of the World. There is no gainsaying that sustainable competitive advantage is achieved through organizations’ resources, that is why Hoffman (2001) strongly asserts that, competitive advantage is achieved through effective combination of both tangible and intangible resources, assets, including firm management skills, organisational process, information and knowledge it controls. Similarly, Barney (1991) added that in achieving sustainable competitive advantage, firm must motivate its human resources through effective human resources practise such as training and development, recruitment, selection, and of course a fair reward system as seen in performance based pay.

1-[2’-Chloro-5’-Sulphophenyl]-3-Methyl-4-Azo–[2”-Carboxy-5”-Sulphonic acid]-5-Pyrazolone was prepared by diazotization of 4-sulphoanthranilic acid and then coupling with 1-[2’-Chloro-5’-Sulphophenyl]-3-Methyl-5-Pyrazolone in alkaline medium. It was characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies. The transition metal chelates of the same were prepared with Cu2+, Ni2+ , Co2+ , Mn2+ and Fe3+ and characterized by IR spectral studies and physico chemical studies. The antimicrobial activity of ligand and its metal chelates were screened against various gram-positive (+) and gram-negative (?) organism. The results show that all these samples are more or less active agents against various organisms.

This study examines the environmental management issues in Nigeria with a view to delineate a management framework for effective implementation of environmental policies. This study present an argument on the management framework which would enable Nigeria to initiate, plan, and implement environmental policies in a way that would enable the country to achieve a sustainable goals. Further, the study investigates the social distribution of environmental benefits and burden. The finding revealed that, environmental policy without effective management component is unlikely to achieve its espoused objective.

One of the basic areas of the computer science is Data Structure. Sorting is an important issue in Data Structure which creates the sequence of the list of items. Although numbers of sorting algorithms are available, it is all the more necessary to select the best sorting algorithm. Therefore, sorting problem has attracted a great deal of research as sorting technique is very often used in a large variety of important applications so as to arrange the data in ascending or descending order. This paper presents a Both Ended Sorting Algorithm which is faster or better than the bubble sort& others algorithm. After having studied various sorting algorithms; I came to the conclusion that there is no such sorting algorithm which works on the basis of both end comparison right end as well as left end. The new algorithm so is then analysed, implemented & tested. The test results obtained are then presented and compared with the traditional Sorting Algorithm. Worst case complexity is also improved as a compare to bubble sort.