Archives-January 2014

In this paper we investigate the problem of separation of human voice from a mixture of voice and different music instruments. The human voice may be a part of singing voice in a song or it may be a part of some news broadcasted by a channel and it contains background music. The final outcome of this work is a file containing only vocals. In our approach we consider stereo audio for separation. We process the signal in time frequency domain. In our method of blind source separation we processed the input stereo audio file in the form of frames, windowed them and then applied discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on signal. Then the signal is masked for de-mixing purpose using time frequency filters and non-zero DFT coefficients that are estimated as a part vocals are selected and signal is reconstructed by overlap add (OLA) method to get the final output signal containing only vocals.

The suggested algorithm for shape classification described in this paper is based on several steps. The algorithm analyzes the contour of pairs of shapes. Their contours are recovered and represented by a pair of N points. Given two points pi and qj from the two shapes the cost of their matching is evaluated by using the shape context and by using dynamic programming, the best matching between the point sets is obtained. Dynamic programming not only recovers the best matching, but also identifies occlusions, i.e. points in the two shapes which cannot be properly matched. From dynamic programming we obtain the minimum cost for matching pairs of shapes. After computing pair wise minimum cost between input and all reference shapes in the given database, we sort based on the minimum cost in ascending order and select first two shapes to check if it belongs to the input class. If it belongs to the input class, then we say that the shape is classified as a perfect match, else it is a mismatch. The algorithm has been tested on a set of shape databases like Kimia-25, Kimia-99, Kimia-216 and MPEG-7 providing good performances for shape classification.

The duct model used here is that Kahan and Eckart [1950]. The source of the electromagnetic field is taken to a vertical magnetic dipole in the upper surface layer, with an arbitrary time – varying moment , we can determine the transient behaviour of the electric field strength at any distance above the duct .The paper presents a method which allows the calculation of the atmospheric distortion of radar pulse , provided that the influence of the atmosphere is to transfer the transmitted signal through a duct .the polarization of the primary source whose moment varies arbitrarily in time, is chosen in such a way that it allows the exact determination of the electric field strength at some field point above the duct layer .From the physical point of view. Cahniard s idea is applicable as it is based on evaluating the field in a series of image sources of the primary source. The step – function solution of the problem can then be determined as an infinite integrals over finite integrals. Two cases would be distinguished on the basis of the distance between the receiving and transmitting ends and whether it is greater or lesser than the total reflection distance.

Software protection is an area of active research in which the software industry is encountering a number of threats. Software piracy is one such threat, which proves detrimental in protecting the intellectual property rights. There have been a variety of techniques developed to address the issue like software watermarking, code obfuscation, and tamper-proofing. In the current research we address the issue of software piracy through a prevention technique known as software watermarking which aims at providing copyright protection and authorized access of commercial software. In this paper fragile software watermark is used to embed personal information into the software. Then this personal information is merged with the hardware parameters of the client machine extracted during the process of installation and License key provided by the vendor. This combined string (Watermark + Hardware parameters + key) is send to the server for registration. This process is implemented and tested on different machines and the accuracy of the proposed model is found to be 99%. The proposed model will be beneficial in combating software piracy and securing the software from redistribution.

In this study, various Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were developed to determine the economics indices for seed and grain corn production in Ardabil province, Iran. For this purpose, the data was collected by a face-to-face interview method from 144 corn farms during 2011 and analyzed. The results indicated that total energy input for seed and grain corn productions was about 45162.77 and 35198.11, respectively. The developed ANN was a multilayer perceptron (MLP) with six neurons in the input layer (human labor, machinery, diesel fuel, chemical fertilizer, chemicals, seed), one, two and three hidden layer(s) of various numbers of neurons and four neuron (BCR, P, TR, NR) in the output layer. The results of ANNs analyze showed that the best MLP network models for predicting economic indices in seed and grain corn production had (6-6-10-4) and (6-4-8-4) topologies, respectively. For these topologies, MSE, MAE and R2 calculated. The ANN approach appears to be a suitable method for modeling output energy, fuel consumption, CO2 emission, yield, and energy consumption.

Electric distribution sub-stations have an important role in energy distribution management. The sub-stations transfer energy from 400V to 20000V in centre of consumption. More decision in utilizing of this sub-station is basically assert on one attribute and most of time some important aspects may be forget. In this paper, the analysis is done by using Analytical Heirachy Process (AHP) method (taking four basic attributes involving Load forecast, Land availability, Cost of land and closeness to load centre) for selecting the best suitable location for placement of sub-station so, an example of a place Greater NOIDA, India, is taken which will grow into metropolis by 2021 as presented in a survey. The place comprises all the major power consuming sectors viz. residential, commercial and industrial. As in this study, the intention is to optimize the position of sub-station for construction of a new sub-station. As to conclude of this study the decision will help the electric managers and designers to be able to get multi aspects of decision making and improve the design, locations and grid reconstruction of the distribution sub-stations.

Anaemia is a nutritional problem affecting all segments of the population in general and children, woman & pregnant woman in particular. In the latter groups, prevalence of anaemia may be as high as 60 – 70 per cent. Anaemia in our country is essentially due to iron deficiency although in children, woman & pregnant woman, folate deficiency also plays a part. Although our diets contain fairly good amount of iron, its absorption is very poor (2- 3 per cent).9 Micronutrient malnutrition commonly referred as “Hidden Hunger”, causes learning disabilities, impaired work capacity, illness & ultimately death. Forty per cent of the world suffers from iron deficiency.

In this analysis we investigate the effect of chemical reaction, thermo diffusion and diffusion thermo on the convective heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium bounded by a semi-infinite vertical plate at with thermophoresis. The equations governing the flow heat and mass transfer are solved by employing Galerkine-finite element analysis with three nodded line segments.

Sixty four seed samples of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) collected from different districts of Rajasthan revealed 35 fungal species of 18 genera in addition to Alternaria alternata, A. longissima, A. tenussima, Aspergillus candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Bipolaris spicifera, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera graminea, D. tetramera, D. rostrata, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Rhizopus nigricans, Trichothecium roseum which were dominant and affected seed germination, seedling vigour and seedling diseases.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of clique covering of a graph. Every vertex covering set, which contains all isolated vertices, is a clique covering set in a graph. We consider the effect of removing a vertex from the graphs on the clique covering number of the graph. We also define well clique covered graphs and prove some related result.