Archives-January 2014

Amino acids exhibit excellent nonlinear optical and electro optical properties. L-alanine magnesium chloride belongs to the amino acid group and has been grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST) at room temperature. The grown crystals have been characterized by UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy; powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the grown crystal has been measured by Kurtz perry powder technique. The SHG efficiency of LAMC is found to be 0.3 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP).

Biological responses of cells to visible and near IR laser radiation occur due to physical and / or chemical changes in photo acceptor molecules, component of respiratory chains in mitochondria. As result of the photo excitation of electronic states, the follows of physical and /or chemical changes can occurs alteration of redox properties and acceleration of electron transfer, changes in biochemical activity due to local transient heating of chromospheres. Different reaction channels can be activated to achieve the photo biological macro effects. The aim of the study was: 1- to evaluate the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on increasing the response of immune system by stimulating the lymph nodules action in order to inhabit cancer cells activity which leads to decrease the tumor size in diseased mice without using drugs. 2-to verify the effect of Low Level Laser (LLL) on the lymph nodules bio stimulation in case of disease by using different duration times with at the same area in each irradiation with the same power densities.

The field of HRM evolved both in India and elsewhere, over a number of years to its present level of sophistication and use of proactive methods. The effective use of people is the critical factor in the successful accomplishment of corporate goals. To this end HR managers need to understand the needs, aspiration of employees proactively, face the challenges head on and resolve issues amicably in the years ahead. As human beings are dynamic and complex, managing the human resources has become a challenging job for any type of organization. Ambitious attitude of people and organizations and the changing dimensions and dynamics of the human resource after the introduction of globalization has brought forth a paradigm shift in management business.

It is the provision of energy that meets the demands of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs. It includes all renewable energy sources such as hydroelectricity, wind energy, solar energy, wave power, geothermal, bio energy and tidal energy. It also includes technologies that designed to improve energy efficiency. The renewable energy technologies are mainly grouped into three sectors as first, second and third generation technologies. Green energy and energy conservation techniques comes under the category of sustainable energy development. Many European countries employ these techniques in the local level. These techniques are implemented right from energy carriers such as hydrogen and liquid nitrogen carriers. The recent statistic figures show that these green sustainable energies of rapid importance as the planet earth is suffering from global warming. This sustainable energy development has got links with all the sectors of energy such as energy production, conservation, and decrease of pollution and to implement techniques that are eco friendly.

The metal taking capacity of several types of biomass, agro products and by-products has gained attention during recent years. In the present study, one such material i.e., coconut shell powder was chosen as the biosorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity of this sorbent was investigated by batch experiments. High adsorption (>90 %) is achieved in the present study.

Since ages, copper and its alloys have found extensive applications in manufacture of bushes and bearings, heat transfer conductors, high conductivity electrical contactors and so on. However, currently, in all these applications, there is a significant enhancement in the service loads, wear resistance, conductivity and thus forcing the material researchers to develop a newer class of copper based advanced materials. In this direction, researchers have focused their attention on improving the strength and the tribological properties copper. The present investigation aims to evaluate the effect of deformation and heat treatment on the sliding wear and friction behavior of copper using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine, giving emphasis on the parameters such as wear rate and coefficient of friction as a function of sliding distance (0– 2000 m) at constant applied Pressure of 0.2 MPa and at a fixed sliding speed of 3.35 m/s, characterizing the deformed and heat treated copper samples in terms of microstructure, micro hardness and wear surface analysis through scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that the highly deformed copper exhibited superior wear resistance properties than the as received copper, while the coefficient of friction followed an opposite trend. Moreover, the wear rate of the copper, heat treated at above recrystallisation temperature is noted to be invariant to the sliding distance and decreased with increasing degree of deformation. Microstructure of as received copper shows fairly uniaxial grains in the matrix where as highly deformed copper shows elongated grains in the structure. The wear mechanism of the investigated materials was studied through worn surfaces examination of the developed wear tracks.

Induced mutation is one of the best alternatives for the improvement of cowpea as it can help to regenerate and restore the variability, which is generally lost in the process of adaptation to various stresses. Genetic variability is the most essential prerequisite for any successful crop improvement programme as it provides spectrum of variants for the effective selection, which can be achieved through the processes of hybridization, recombination, mutation and selection. In the present investigation, variability induced by gamma rays, Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and combined treatments (gamma rays with EMS) for different quantitative traits viz., plant height, days to first flower, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and seed yield per plant in M3 generation of cowpea. Estimate of genetic parameters (genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance) for the yield and its components were higher than the control in M3 generation. The increased genetic variance in the treated material is a dependable suggestion of the effects of mutagens.

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) is the self organizing collection of mobile nodes. The Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol was designed to improve scalability of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs). OLSR protocol implements Multipoint Relay (MPR) nodes as a flooding mechanism for distributing control information. Nevertheless, OLSR was designed without security measures. There-fore, a misbehaving node can affect the topology map acquisition process by interrupting the flooding of control information or disturbing the MPR selection process.

Although the Iranian historical people have seen history as a low level hobby and entertainment, they are interested in it. Memories, stories and the history of any generation do worth hearing, and the audible histories ranging from political history to explaining the ordinary and daily life of the people are found a lot in Iranian families. On the other hand, since the education system and its resources especially in the section of Humanities and particularly history are run by the government, it has created a kind of despair from the subjects of the history courses in the middle and secondary sections. The state-running of the section of history education, unwillingness of history teachers in active teaching, the escape of the pupils from the history course and the existence of formal and rigid subjects in history courses of secondary schools are among the main facts concerning the difficulty of history education in Iran. Apart from the defects it has, Formal history has caused a gap of the generations from each other as well as the transfer of real and informal history. Thus, it is necessary to search for the solutions and methods which have brought Iranian families and their children to epicenter of history. This is the solution which can play an important role in the dialogue between the generations and providing the grounds for historical participation of the pupils, and a method which educates the close and tangible history for the pupils and provides a new image from social history, different interpretations from history and a new way for connecting them with the society.

Ontologies have become the best modeling tool, in many applications majorly semantic web. Creation of ontology remains as a difficult task. Ontology bootstrapping is one of the technique, depends on a set of pre-defined textual sources like web services. The advantage of web services usually consists of both WSDL and free text descriptors. And these are evaluated by three methods namely TF/IDF, web context generation and the bootstrapping technique. The bootstrapping method using large repository of real-world web services has a drawback of revisiting of the concepts again and again. Our proposed method for ontology creation with an revisiting avoidance algorithm, this algorithm helps us to overcome from revisiting strategies in the bootstrapping ontologies. The introduced algorithm will produce the efficient result as described this is paper.