Archives-February 2013

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder which is characterised by pain and decreased Range of motion. OA is a disease process of axial and peripheral joints. It is characterized by progressive deterioration and loss of articular cartilage and by reactive bone changes at the margins of the joints and in the sub-chondral bone. It is a progressive disorder of the joints. Knee is the most commonly affected joints. Its management can be pharmacological, non pharmacological or surgical. Amongst the nonpharmacological and surgical management a very important goal of management is correction of the malalignment of the joint. This malalignment is because of improper loading of the knee joint and is responsible for a lot of symptoms and disease progression. This can be done conservatively by bracing, taping and shoe modifications. The purpose of this article is to review the existing conservative methods and techniques available to correct and manage biomechanical malalignments evident in knee osteoarthritis

Any unaccustomed activity especially eccentric exercises leads to features like pain, oedema lack of strength and range of motion in corresponding joints and muscles. These features typically start 8-12 hrs following activity, peaking between 24-48 hrs and lasting 96 hrs or beyond 96 hrs post activity. This phenomenon is called Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and is also known as muscle fever. It was first explained by Theodre Hough(1905) and since then new theories have been postulated to understand it. Physiotherapy is one of the major main stays of its management. Even though pharmacological agents have been researched on efficacy is not well established .Physiotherapy management includes many interventions like cryotherapy, thermotherapy, stretching, exercises, electrical currents, Soft tissue massage. This review is humble attempt to understand the basic mechanisms underlying delayed onset muscle soreness and its management with special emphasis on physiotherapy management.

In the Theory of relativity there are fundamental internal contradictions. The most direct of them is, between the two sides of one unequal equation, intended to transform time. These contradictions prove, that this theory is absolutely wrong.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between marketing metrics from innovation view and achievement of objective for customer relationship management is based on Gartner's model in Isfahan’ city Sepah Bank. The theoretical framework was provided based on Gartner’s model In this study was surveyed by a questionnaire includes 61 item for samples of 160 managers and assistants in Sepah bank. The main idea of this paper is whether marketing metrics from innovation view and achievement of objective for customer relationship management are related? This study method is applied research from purpose view and descriptive survey method of field research. The model was tested by using LISREL and SPSS software. The results show a direct and positive relationship between marketing metrics from innovation view and achievement of objective for customer relationship management (two sides). According the research findings are related between components of metrics Innovation (New services, New services launches, Satisfaction from new services, Revenue of new services) and customer relationship management. However, There is no relationship between revenue of new services and customer relationship management. The value fitted indexes of the model (GFI=0.91 and AGFI=0.89) is Indicative the suitability of the model.

This paper reviews the importance of physical urban form and urban design in directing citizens’ behavioral patterns. It is of great interest for new urbanism theoreticians. Due to growing internal travels in the cities, their environmental repercussions, reaching stable travel patterns and travel demands’ management, urban design tools can be used in the neighborhoods of the city. previous studies in this focus on the key roles of residential density, professional density, accessibility, physical design of the neighbourhood, and etc. Neighbourhood design in dense form with mixed applications and visual and space quality for walking can be effective in reducing car travels and the amount of crossed distance by the citizens. The extent to which physical design of the neighbourhood and urban design affects citizens’ behavioral patterns is the concern of this paper.

Background: Iron oxide nanoparticles can be used for medical imaging, disease diagnosis, drug delivery, cancer treatment, gene therapy and other cases. These particles accumulate in liver cells and lead to oxidative stress with generation of reactive oxygen species. Aim: This study investigates the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on liver tissue and enzymes [alanine aminotransfere (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] in male rat. Methods: 40 adult male rats of wistar strain, weighing 250-300 g were used for this study. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups. One group was control and other three groups were fed with iron oxide nanoparticles at 20, 50 and 150 µg/kg concentrations respectively for 15 days. Venous blood was taken to measure liver enzymes at the end of treatment. Liver of rats removed for histological experiments. Results: Significantly enhanced (P<0.05) AST level obtained as well as ALT and ALP level with used of maximum concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles (150 µg/kg) as compared to normal group. Conclusion: Based on our result, using high concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles could be caused undesirable effects on liver with damage to hepatocyte and level elevation of liver enzymes.

The purpose of this study was to extend the existing body of knowledge on course stress related with university students. A conceptual framework which illustrates four dimensions of coursework stress including coursework worries, lack of skills to perform coursework, dis-likeness towards coursework and attitudinal problems in performing coursework was developed. The present research was a descriptive study which used an indigenous research instruments to measure the coursework stress in the context of university students. The study was carried out on a sample of 100 university students which explored the impact of demographic variables including gender, age, and discipline, employment of the students and level of education on determining the level of coursework stress. Result of the study revealed that the phenomenon of coursework stress does exist among the university students. Female students and younger students experience higher coursework stress, as compared to male and older students. The findings also indicated that different demographic variables contribute significantly in determining the level of coursework stress among M. Phil and PhD. students.

Pattern Mining is the process of extracting or mining the patterns from very large amount of biological datasets. Utilization of Data mining algorithms can reveal biological relevant associations between different genes and gene based expression. In Data Mining, several techniques are available for predicting frequent patterns. One among the technique is association rule mining algorithm; which can be applied for solving the crucial problems faced in the field of biological science. From the literature, various algorithms have been employed in generating frequent patterns for distinct application. These algorithms have some limitations in predicting frequent patterns, such as space, time complexity and accuracy. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the study is made on existing algorithms for generating frequent patterns from the biological sequences. The literature survey gives a significant number of methods were generated for predicting associative patterns. The proposed system has to be developed for solving problems in archiving glucose samples of many patients. Biological sequence may be a collection of DNA sequence, Gene expression sequence or Protein sequence for a specific viral disease. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are organic compounds made up of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form. And it will also satisfy some factors such as: time complexity, space and predict accurate solution to the required problem. With the help of these three factors into consideration and efficient algorithm can be identified for predicting the dominating amino acids for any kind of specific biological implication.

Rumeli Fortress has a unique place in the history of world with Its properties. This study gives information about the castle and Fatih period, explains the aspects of the castle which is thought to be important and mentions the gradually ruined or transformed parts. Essential actions to do about these parts which have become ruin and restored without being loyal to Its origins is presented. It is discussed to preserve the ruined castle originally.

The main purpose of this study is to analysis the thermomechanical behavior of the dry contact between the brake disc and pads during the braking phase. The thermal-structural analysis is then used coupling to determine the deformation and the Von Mises stress established in the disc, the contact pressure distribution in pads. The results are satisfactory when compared with those of the specialized literature.