Archives-February 2012

Agriculture remains the main source of livelihood for more than 2.6 billion people in the world; the majority of them are located in developing countries. Rising incomes, urbanization and shifting consumption patterns have increased agricultural production in most areas of the world. However, despite fabulous increase in agricultural production per capita in every country of world, major distributional inequalities in access of agro-based food are already persisting. At the same time, according to the millennium ecosystem assessment predicts that prospect of providing sufficient agro-based food to sustain another 2 billion people by 2020 to food secure if the productivity of agricultural production systems cannot keep pace with this demand. As these systems are under increasing pressure to meet the growing need for food, so it is also vital that the environmental challenges associated with agricultural production are addressing effectively to combat water pollution, pesticide use, land degradation and greenhouse gas emissions etc.

Non-traditional method (grinding) was used for the preparation of novel schiff bases from 4-amino-3-methyl phenol / 2-amino-4-methyl phenol and several aldehydes and ketones under catalytically free condition. This procedure constitutes an energy efficient, shorter time, higher yield as well as green synthesis approach. Some synthesized products were characterized by IR, NMR and MASS and also tested for antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumonae) activities by disc diffusion method

In this paper, we prove the existence of mild solutions for fractional semilinear integro- differential systems with infinite delay in ?-norm in Banach spaces. The results are obtained by using Banach contraction principle and Schauder's fixed point theorem. In the end, we give an example to illustrate the applications of the abstract results.

Background: MammoSite Radiation Therapy System with a high dose rate brachytherapy ¹⁹²Ir source is used to deliver partial breast irradiation after a lumpectomy for early stage breast cancer to treat the tissue immediately surrounding the lumpectomy cavity.Materials and Methods: The spherical balloons with 4 cm to 6 cm radius have been considered filled with different mixtures of water and contrast solution in our simulation. We have used MCNP4C code to study the effect of the increased attenuation on absorbed dose value for the different glandular fraction of breast tissues.Results and discussion: We have calculated Heterogeneity Correction Factor (HCF) for various balloon diameters from 4 to 6 cm, for 0%, 20%, 50%, 70% and 100% breast glandular fraction phantom with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% contrast concentration inside the balloon.Conclusion: The result can be used in treatment planning systems and also for computation of model dependent parameters. The calculated HCF for the Mammosite breast brachytherapy applicator are agree quite well with Clinical results which obtained by others.

Gearboxes are widely applied in power transmission lines, so their health monitoring has a great impact in industrial applications. In this study we present fault diagnosis and classification method for intelligence condition monitoring of MF285 final drive. Broken and worn tooth face of ring gear of gearbox as two common faults of gears are studied. The vibration signal was collected by an accelerometer type VMI102 from the experimental setup that was built for this the research. Each class had 150 samples that divided in two parts. 105and 45 samples for training and test data were considered. These signals were processed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) signal processor for made better decomposition to feed the feature extraction and feature selection method. 30 features were extracted from frequency domain of vibration signals. Stepwise Backward Selection was employed as feature selection technique for select the better features for the best fault detection result and increases the accuracy degree of fault detection and classification. 9 features selected were used as input to Support Vector Machine (SVM) for fault classification. Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) was applied for SVM. Results showed that the accuracy for train and test data was about 99.05% and 95.56% that greater than 85% so that’s acceptable. Also results show the ability and high quality of this procedure for planter gearbox health monitoring.

A characterization and volumetric analysis of Olomoro field was carried out using data provided by Shell Petroleum Development Corporation in order to determine the reservoir lithology, structure properties and hydrocarbon in-place. The data provided were well logs, structural map and the seismic section of Olomoro field. The well logs utilized included gamma ray, resistivity, caliper, density, neutron and sonic logs. Through the gamma ray log, it was discovered that the interval under investigation had four porous and permeable zones or reservoir interval. The resistivity log revealed with exception of the first to the third reservoir layer of well 1, presence of hydrocarbon which was used to calculate resistivity of the formation and water. The water saturation was calculated which in turn was used to calculate the hydrocarbon saturation. The values derived were used to estimate the hydrocarbon in place within the depth of 3,429m and 4,053.84m for an area of 100km². These gave a total of 4.012 x 10⁹m³ or 2.5234 x 10¹⁰ barrel as the hydrocarbon in-place. It was observed through the structural map and the seismic section that the hydrocarbon trap is a structural trap created by two fault plains and a folded anticline.

Twenty five ditch cutting samples from southwest Niger Delta basin were analysed to determine the palynostratigraphic studies. The samples contained very rich and diverse palynomorphs dominated by pollen grains which consist of 12 species distributed among ten genera. Pollen preservation is good with concentration ranging from 1,640 to 34,900 grains/g. The stratigraphic ranges of Circulina parva, Monoporites annulatus, Psilatricolporites operculatus, Multiareolites formosus, Zonocostites ramonae, Podocarpus milanjianus, Echitricolporites spinosus, Retibrevitricolporites obodoensis, R. protrudens and Retitricolpites bendensis and some other marker species were used to demarcate nine palynozones in the study area. These palynomorphs are mainly made up of mangrove swamp floras which suggest the predominance of a high sea level and wet climatic condition in Miocene-Pliocene during the deposition of the studied sediments.

A series of substituted styryl 5-methyl-2-furyl ketones have been synthesized by closed-aldol reaction. The purities of these chalcones were checked by their physical constants and spectral data published earlier in literature.  The insect antifeedant activities of these ketones were studied using 4^th instar larvae Achoea Janata L with castor leaf discs.

In this paper, review about the progress in India's IT sector, and forecasts for massive evolution led by this segment is studied. It emphasis on conversing the part of software vs. hardware, the development outline of the software business and software exports, and the embryonic problems in IT labor supply to support future growth. We come through some of the developments in India's IT sector, and scenarios for broad-based growth led by this sector. It tries to categorize some areas where dogma changes and existing innovations can together lead to consciousness of the more optimistic situation, and prevention of some of the consequences that analysts have acknowledged. It also examine the policy environment more closely, arguing that government strategy is better engrossed on eradicating labor market biases and infrastructure restraints, rather than providing output or export grants to the software industry.

Successive sampling is used repeatedly to survey a population over time. It allows the first sample to be taken (on the first occasion) and a second sample is then taken (on the second occasion). The scheme provides an opportunity of making use of the information obtained in the first sample in improving on the precision of future estimate. In this study, double sampling for regression estimation was used to determine the current estimate of the mean, minimum variance, maximum precision, estimate of change between the two successive occasions under consideration and estimate of average over the period of the two occasions. The data used were based on students’ enrolment in Oyo state public secondary schools and The data were collected from Planning, Research and Statistics Unit, Oyo State Ministry of Education.The current estimates for the student enrolments in Junior and Senior Secondary Schools were found to be 6,372 and 4,925 students respectively. The variances for the current estimate is more precise when ? approaches unity. Sensitivities increased for both the Junior and Senior secondary schools at 0.7 ? ? ? 1.0. The changes in current estimates between the first and second occasion were found to be -110 and -210 for Junior and Senior Secondary Schools respectively. The negative sign shows that there was decreased in number of the students enrolment in both Junior and Senior Secondary Schools in the current year compared with the previous year. Sensitivity was more in µ? for ? ? 0.32 and in ? for > 0.9225 and > 0.7385 for Junior and Senior Secondary Schools respectively. The estimate of average over time for the student’s enrolment in Junior and Senior Secondary were found to be 12, 823 students and 10,063 students respectively. The gain in information changing from one occasion to the next was 238.98% for junior category and 45.37% for Senior Category.