Archives-February 2012

The real sector of any economy is very critical to its growth and development and the beneficial effect of foreign private capital on a host country has remained an issue of discussion. The general notion is that it helps to accelerate growth and development in such a country impacting positively and significantly in those sectors they are channelled into. It is against this background that this paper empirically examined the impact of foreign private capital on three important subsectors of the Nigeria economy (Agriculture, Industry and Building and Construction) from 1987 to 2008. Findings from the study revealed that foreign private capital have not had a significant positive impact on the Nigerian economy vis-à-vis the agricultural, industrial and building and construction sectors and even when it existed, the impact had been non-significant. Therefore, the study recommends re-evaluations of government policies on foreign direct investment in Nigeria. This requires an appropriate mix of proactive government policies to direct foreign private capital inflows to priority sectors of the economy such as agriculture, industrial and building and construction as there are crucial to its sustained growth and development.

The agro hydrological model SWAP3.03 was used for two wheat crops, cultivars “Ghods” and “Rowshan” under different irrigation regimes. The field study was conducted during 2005-2006 growing season in the Research Field of Birjand University. Different qualities of irrigation water (namely 1.4, 4.5 and 9.6 dS/m) obtained from three local wells were used in a factorial plot design with four levels of water depths (namely, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of ETc). The model was initially calibrated with respect to the winter wheat crop coefficients, based on a study in the province of S. Khorasan. The simulated values fitted well the trend of actual crop production for various amounts and qualities of irrigation water. Maximum yield was obtained for a deficit irrigation of 75% ETc with the best water quality, that of 1.4 (dS/m). Results also showed that different levels of water and salinity stress would affect crop production. The correlation coefficients between the simulated and actual crop production were 0.72 for “Ghods” and 0.83 for “Rowshan”, both statistically significant at 1% level. As compared to the actual yield, the Average simulated yield was 15% higher for “Ghods” and 10% lower for “Rowshan”. A t-test showed that such deviation between simulated and observed values were not lower than required for significant differences. The results of this study, therefore, show that SWAP3.03 model is a useful tool to estimate wheat production under different levels of water and salinity stress.

This paper reviews teaching strategies that secondary school (SL) teachers generally used for teaching of Pakistan Studies. Data for the study was collected from SL teachers through a questionnaire. Findings report that SL teachers consider memorisation of taught concepts as the main objective of teaching of Pakistan studies. Teachers perceive that oral lectures cannot develop in students’ desired traits of a citizenship and social values. Lecture strategy was found main strategy for teaching of Pakistan studies at SL. Inquiry or project strategies are usually not used for teaching of Pakistan studies, teachers generally do not plan lesson, they do not use maps or other aids for teaching of content about location, etc. Due to non availability of teaching aids in secondary schools. Pakistan studies may be taught through projects relating to students’ real life. Use of audio visual aids can make learning of Pakistan studies interesting for students. Resources like audio visual aids relating to the content of Pakistan studies for SL may be provided in schools.

Jamming is defined as the act of intentionally directing electromagnetic energy towards a communication system to disrupt or prevent signal transmission. A jamming attacker launches jamming attacks easily by transmitting high-power signals and all legitimate sensor nodes interfered by jamming signals suffer corrupted packet transmissions. In this paper, model the interaction between the sensor network model and the attacker model as a non-cooperative non-zero-sum static game. In such a game, the sensor network has a set of strategies of controlling its probability of accessing the wireless channel and the attacker manipulates its jamming by controlling its jamming probability after sensing a transmission activity. The jammer action ceases when it is found by a monitoring node in the network, and an intimation of jamming message is transferred out of the jamming region. In this paper implements, algorithm for computing jamming attack and network defense. A critical issue is that there may exist a number of possible strategy profiles of Nash equilibria and its solve by applying Pareto-dominance and risk dominance.Results provide valuable insights about the structure of the jamming attack problem and associated defense policies and the adoption of sophisticated strategies on achieving desirable performance.

This paper proposes a new idea of the Fuel level sensor is to monitor, measure and indicate the fuel level in the tank of vehicles by using microcontroller based Embedded System. At present methods of fuel level measurement is Resistor Ladder network, Reed sensor with float and Linear Hall Effect sensor. The proposed method of measurement of fuel level is based on the variation in the capacitance based on the difference in dielectric properties between fuel and free air without any moving parts.

Image information mining (IIM) approaches produce enormous amounts of features that are computationally expensive and in- efficient to process before the actual information discovery takes place[1]. Also, it is complicated because the combination of the features has little relevance to the hypothesis space. Hence, selecting a relevant subset of features is necessary to overcome these problems and to provide an efficient representation of the target class. In this paper, we propose survey onfeature selection and feature transformations.

Lateral thinking is a special form of thinking which involves collecting the information and making the best use of it. Thinking decides the output of information and the part of lateral thinking enables the brain to get into different mindset. It is all about bringing things that are seemingly unrelated. Problem with most of the Indian learners are not using the acquired information and not attempting to acquire new information. Their mindset hinders their mind to intake, produce and presents the information for the required contexts. Educational system and the socio-psychological background of the learners are considered the reasons for their inability. Improving lateral thinking skills paves the way to keep an open mind to acquire new language habits and to change the mindset in accordance with situations. A conducive thinking environment is created through interactive and creative tasks such as group discussion and Situational speaking in the technology enabled classrooms. These activities make the learners think through the thoughts that nobody would have thought about and thereby provide both the outside and inside inputs to think in a lateral way. It leads the learner to construct something new out of every effort and imagination. The present study reveals that the environment created to induce the lateral thinking skills has helped the learners to improve not only communicative competence but also their comprehension ability.

Organizations looking at newer ways to attract employees and once recruitment walks into its portals focus on building loyalty. This whole portfolio of how to attract and retain employees is now called by a body of knowledge "talent management". Employee Retention is costly dilemma for all organizations. In today's taxing business climate, managing company's competent and skilled human capital is vital for success. Faced with a tough proposition in attracting talent, HR heads of companies have started applying the Segmenting-Targeting-Positioning (STP) approach of marketing, better known as 'employer branding Strategies. In the turbulent scenario where talent is continuously depleting, HR managers are facing problem in retaining their knowledgeable resource .Here are discussed some of the latest retaining strategies adopted by companies Another objective of performance appraisal as put by the company is to identify employees with high potential, but there is no section in the form where the level of potential of the employee may be identified as high, low or moderate._ Planning and organizing are two different abilities but are rated in the form as one factor. Modern organizations are operating in an unprecedented, highly competitive and turbulent business environment which is characterized by the globalization of business. Further, today's global workforce is more mobile than ever before. With a dynamically changing and volatile demand-supply equation, especially against erratic attrition trend and cutthroat competition no longer restricted to local or regional boundaries, a need for strategizing & putting in place a robust mechanism for attracting and retaining top talent becomes vital for the company's very survival and growth. The time is tough. There is no denial to the fact that in today's fast pace and knowledge boom, one of the most important factors for today's organization is talent. Its viewed that the availability of suitable and competent talent inside any organization determines the excellence of the same. Most companies today would acknowledge that their human resources are most important asset. But since companies can't own employees the way they own factories or product your success or failure hinges on the quality and duration of the relationship you form with your people. In present scenario people choose companies which have congenial atmosphere and prefer change if they don't get desirable, as it may hinder the growth and success of the company. Hence retention is vital. The study was conducted to test the hypothesis using stratified and simple random sampling, survey with a questionnaire. Retention of Employees in pharmaceutical industries of Bangalore,. The present study reveals the impact of retention strategies on pharmaceutical employees in Bangalore.. On the basis of this scores of hypothesis were made: I. There is no positive relationship between employee retention and productivity. So it will not give any impact on the financial health of the organization. 90% of the employees strongly agree that there is a relationship between employee retention on productivity and continuous performance in the organization. Survey findings made me to accept alternative hypotheses and reject null hypothesis. In this cases calculated values of chi-square is higher than the tabulated values. The study helps to retain employees in the organization and helps to formulate recommendations to improve retention.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of job satisfaction among university teachers based on gender, age, and sector of university. Questionnaire is used to acquire the required responses from university teachers in order to accomplish the research objectives. Descriptive and inferential statistics, ANOVA analysis, T-test and frequency tables are used to analyse the data. Study found that the level of satisfaction in universities’ teachers is primarily contributed by the administrative factors. Although, the results indicate no statistically significant relationship of gender attribute of demographics with satisfaction of university faculty, however, male are less satisfied as compare to female faculty, which led to the no rejection of Ho1. Ho2 is rejected and significant difference is found between faculty of private and public universities. The inferential statistics conclude a significant relationship between university type and satisfaction. The results of ANOVA reports significant relationship between various age categories and overall level of satisfaction. The results lead to the rejection of null hypothesis Ho3. Job satisfaction level decreases with increase of age. Certain recommendations are given at the end to increase the level of job satisfaction of university faculty.

The role of parental support is crucial in building self-confidence among the teenagers. The present study examined the role of parental support in building self-confidence among the teenagers. The study was based on the purposive sample of 50 students taken from three schools in Islamabad namely, Roots, the City School and Scholanova. The ages of the students ranged between 13 to 19 studying in O’ levels and A’ Levels. The data thus gathered revealed that parental behavior exhibited in the form of care, control, autonomy and financial support are instrumental in building self-confidence among the teenagers but care proved more effective as compared to other factors with control, autonomy and financial support coming next respectively. The study observed the fathers and mothers of different professional backgrounds affect their parenting styles. Comparing fathers and mothers support, it was found that mothers are more careful and financially support than fathers whereas fathers’ support is significant in giving autonomy than mothers. Overall it was found that parental support based on caring and control play more effective role in building self-confidence among teenagers than autonomy and financial support.